2. DEFINITIONS OF “CONCEPT”
According to J. Stepanov the
“concept” is “a basic cultural cell in
the mental world of a man”
(Stepanov 2007, 248). Concept is
a mental structure that represents
the knowledge of an individual about
a particular segment of the world.
Being a part of the world picture,
the concept reflects the orientation
of values of both the individual
person and the entire linguistic
community.
3. • • R. M. Frumkina notes that the concept is the
object of conceptual analysis, the meaning of
which is "to trace the path of cognition of the
meaning of the concept and write the result in a
formalized semantic language".
4. • • The notion of “concept” corresponds to those senses,
which a man operates in the process of thinking and the
senses which reflect the content of experience and
knowledge, the content of results of all human activities and
the learning processes of the world in the form of some
“quanta” of knowledge. A concept is a kind of algebraic
expression of meaning, which a man operates in his written
5. UNIVERSAL CONCEPTS
• Universal concepts transcend time and
space, and can be applied to endless
variety of settings (Ellis).
• Universal Concepts are also used to
increase the complexity of content
an area of study. When used within a
specific discipline, the use of a theme
allow students to examine the
interrelationships between and among
facts, details, rules and concepts. When
used across disciplines, a theme will
students to study the inter-relatedness
between areas of study.
6. • Universal concepts articulate human values and ideas and they are
just as effective for natural history. While it can be persuasively
argued the natural world has an inherent value independent of
people, getting people to care enough to be stewards depends on
how relevant the natural world is to them.
• Successful writers, speakers, and interpreters have been linking
plants, animals, and features to intangible meanings since humans
began to think about nature. Universal concepts like beauty, time,
power, complexity, survival, sex, and change are at the very
center of good natural history interpretation.
7. WHAT CONCEPTS ARE UNIVERSAL?
V.A. Maslova:
• Time
• Space
• Place
• Memory
• Language
• Person
• Fate
• Similarity
• Freedom
• Truth
• Duty
• Lie
A.I. Gurevich:
• Attitude of parts to
whole
• Fate
• Relation sensual to
the supersensible
• Number
• Time space change
• Reason
8. • G. Gachev:
• Female
• Male
• Space
• Time
Z. I. Kirnoze:
• land,
• homeland,
• world,
• religion,
• work,
• family,
• motherhood,
• fatherhood,
• birth,
• life,
• death
N. A. Levitskaya and O. V. Lomakina
• man woman,
• person,
• child,
• life death,
• happiness grief,
• faith hope love, conscience, peace
9. FOUNDATIONS OF CONCEPT
UNIVERSALITY
- representation in all languages /
cultures;
- lexical development;
connection with other concepts;
the ability to form the most
common, fundamental ideas about
the world;
- grammatical representativeness.
