presentation

1. Group Name: অনির্বাি
Port City International University
Excellence In Higher Education
UGC & Govt. Approved university at khulshi in Chittagong
A leading Global University meeting the challenges of the fast changing world
Name
Mintazur Rahaman
Narayan Datta
Tamzidul karim
Dibbharaj Sarkar
Mohidul Islam

2.  Working /Active Power: Normally measured in
kilowatts (kW). It does the "work" for the system--
providing the motion, torque, heat, or whatever else is
required.
 Reactive Power: Normally measured in kilovolt-
amperes reactive (kVAR), doesn't do useful "work." It
simply sustains the electromagnetic field.
 Apparent Power: Normally measured in kilovolt-
amperes (kVA). Working Power and Reactive Power
together make up apparent power

3.  Power Factor A measure of efficiency. The ratio of Active Power
(output) to Total Power (input)
Power Factor =
= DISPLACEMENT POWER FACTOR
=
= Cosine (
A power factor reading close to 1.0 means that electrical power is
being utilized effectively, while a low power factor indicates poor
utilization of electrical power.

4.  1. Most of the motors
used in industries are
of induction type,
which have low lagging
pf
 2. Lamps, discharge
lamps operate at low
lagging pf
 3 Transformer system
work at low lagging pf
 4. Load on the system
is varying which results
in decreasing or low pf

5.  Power Factor is a measure of the electrical
systems efficiency The total electrical power
(Kilo Volt Amperes or kVA) used in an electrical
system by an industrial .

6.  AC POWER FLOW HAS TWO COMPONENTS:
 REAL POWER OR ACTIVE POWER (P) EXPRESSED IN WATTS (W)
 REACTIVE POWER (Q), USUALLY EXPRESSED IN REACTIVE VOLT-
AMPERES (VAR)
 THESE ARE COMBINED TO THE COMPLEX POWER (S) EXPRESSED VOLT-
AMPERES (VA). THE MAGNITUDE OF THE COMPLEX POWER IS THE
APPARENT POWER (|S|), ALSO EXPRESSED IN VOLT-AMPERES (VA).
 THE POWER FACTOR IS DEFINED AS THE RATIO OF REAL POWER TO
APPARENT POWER. AS POWER IS TRANSFERRED ALONG A
TRANSMISSION LINE
 IF Θ IS THE PHASE ANGLE BETWEEN THE CURRENT AND VOLTAGE,
THEN THE POWER FACTOR IS EQUAL TO THE COSINE OF THE ANGLE,

7.  The following devices and equipment are
used for Power Factor Improvement.
1. Static Capacitor
2. Synchronous Condenser
3. Phase Advancer

8.  1. Lower the pf, higher is the load current required
 2. Lower the pf, kvA rating of the equipment has to be
more which means the equipment has to be larger and
expensive
 3. To transmit or distribute a fixed amount of power at
constant voltage, the conductor will have to carry more
current at LPF which means the conductor size has to
be large
 4. Large current at LPF, makes PR osses to increase
which results in poor efficiency
 5. The lagging PF reduces the handling capacity of a
elements of the system due to the reactive component
of the current
 6. Large current at LPF causes greater voltage drops in
alternators. transformers, transmission lines and
distributors poor voltage regulation

9.  Low power factor results in
 Poor electrical efficiency
 Higher utility bills
 Lower system capacity
 On the Supply Side. Generation Capacity & Line Losses

10.  Reduction in Electricity Bill due to reduced maximum
demand
 No low power factor penalty charges
 Improved Voltage Level in system due to elimination of
inductive current
 KW capacities of prime movers, alternators
transformers and transmission lines is increased
 Reduction in System losses; Efficiency of every plant
increases; Overall cost per unit decreases
 Voltage regulation of transmission lines increases i e,
voltage drop in the system improves
 Distribution capacity is augmented

11.  The stator current is l1 &
motor operating PF is
Cos(@1).
 .When Capacitor are
connected across stator
terminals, The current lc
through the capacitors lead
the voltage V1 by 90 degree.
 -The Phasor sum of & Ic is 11'
drawn by supply.
 The PF of the combination is
improved from Cos 1) to Cos
(@1') and stator current
decreases from 11 to 11'.

12.  Environmental benefit. Reduction of power
consumption due to improved energy efficiency.
Reduced power consumption means less greenhouse
gas emissions and fossil fuel depletion by power
stations.
 Reduction of electricity bills.
 Reduction of 12R losses in transformers and
distribution equipment
 Reduction of voltage drop in cables.
 Extended equipment life Reduced electrical burden
on cables and electrical components.
Power Factor Correction Capacitors (PFCC) provide an
economical means for improving Energy utilization

16. Thank You