Mortar is a workable paste which hardens to bind building blocks such as stones, bricks, and concrete masonry units, to fill and seal the irregular gaps between them, spread the weight of them evenly, and sometimes to add decorative colors or patterns to masonry walls. Mortar Composition of mortar Types of Mortar, Mixing of Mortar Selection of Mortar Supplying of Mortar Uses of Mortar Quantity of Mortar in a wall

1. MORTAR

2.  Mortar
 Composition of mortar
 Types of Mortar
 Mixing of Mortar
 Selection of Mortar
 Supplying of Mortar
 Uses of Mortar
Contents

3. Mortar is a workable paste used to bind
construction blocks together and fill the gaps
between them. The blocks may be stone, brick,
cinder blocks, etc. Mortar becomes hard when it
sets.
What is the Mortar ?

4. Mortar is made of four basic ingredients:
 1. Portland Cement
 2. Hydrated Lime
 3. Sand
 4. Water
We'll also take a good look at masonry cement. This is a
manufactured, premixed, packaged combination of
Portland cement, hydrated lime and optional admixtures.
Masonry cement is so much easier to use that you don't
often find anyone mixing mortar from scratch at a job site
anymore although it is a cost effective way to do it.
Mortar Components

5. There are many types of Mortar
 Ancient mortar
 Portland cement mortar
 Polymer cement mortar
 Lime mortar
 Pozzolana mortar
Types of Mortar

6. The first mortars were made of mud and clay.
Because of a lack of stone and an abundance of
clay, Babylonian constructions were of baked
brick, using lime or pitch for mortar. According to
Roman Ghirshman the first evidence of humans
using a form of mortar was at the ziggurat of Sialk
in Iran, built of sun-dried bricks in 2900 BC.
Ancient Mortar

7.  Portland cement mortar (often known simply as cement mortar) is
created by mixing Ordinary Portland cement (OPC), hydrated lime,
and aggregate (or sand) with water.
 It was invented in 1794 by Joseph Aspdin and patented on 18 December
1824, largely as a result of various scientific efforts to develop stronger
mortars than existed at the time. Portland cement sets hard and
quickly, allowing a faster pace of construction, and requires fewer
skilled workers.
Portland cement mortar

8.  Polymer cement mortars (PCM) are the materials which are made by
partially replacing the cement hydrate binders of conventional cement
mortar with polymers. The polymeric admixtures include latexes or
emulsions, redispersible polymer powders, water-soluble polymers,
liquid resins and monomers. It has low permeability, and it reduces the
incidence of drying shrinkage cracking, mainly designed for repairing
concrete structures. For an example see MagneLine.
Polymer cement mortar

9.  The speed of set can be increased by using impure limestone in the
kiln, to form a hydraulic lime that will set on contact with water. Such a
lime must be stored as a dry powder. Alternatively, a pozzolanic
material such as calcined clay or brick dust may be added to the mortar
mix. This will have a similar effect of making the mortar set reasonably
quickly by reaction with the water in the mortar.
 Lime mortar is considered breathable in that it will allow moisture to
freely move through it and evaporate from its surface. In old buildings
with walls that shift over time, there are often cracks which allow rain
water into the structure. The lime mortar allows this moisture to
escape through evaporation and keeps the wall dry. Reappointing or
rendering an old wall with cement mortar stops this evaporation and
can cause problems associated with moisture behind the cement
Lime mortar

11.  Pozzolana is a fine, sandy volcanic ash, originally discovered and dug in
Italy at Pozzuoli in the region around Mount Vesuvius, but later at a
number of other sites. The ancient Roman architect Vitruvius speaks of
four types of pozzolana. It is found in all the volcanic areas of Italy in
various colors': black, white, grey and red.
 Finely ground and mixed with lime it acts like Portland cement and
makes a strong mortar that will also set under water.
Pozzolana mortar

12.  Mechanical Mixing
 Site Mixed Mortar
 Hand Mixing
 Pre-mixed Mortar
Mixing of Mortar

13.  When site mixing, it is important to carefully
measure the material by volume in a suitable
container (i.e. a bucket) not by shovelfuls.
Site Mixed Mortar

14. This is usually done in a concrete mixer. A
small amount of mixing water is placed in the
mixer followed by the sand, cement and then
lime. More water is then slowly added to create
a thick creamy mortar. Each batch should be
thoroughly mixed for three minutes to ensure
that a uniform consistency is obtained
Mechanical Mixing

15. Mixing should be done in a clean wheelbarrow
or on a mixing board to avoid contamination.
The raw materials should be combined and
mixed to an even colour prior to adding water.
Water is then slowly added with the continuous
turning of the mix until a thick creamy mortar is
obtained. It is important that mortars are used
within an hour of mixing and should not be
retempered by the addition of water.
Hand Mixing

16. Adelaide Brighton Cement manufactures a
range of premium grade packaged mortars
which are available in 20kg bags for ease of
handling. These are available at your local
hardware store or landscape supplies outlet
and require only the addition of clean water and
mixing prior to use. On a clean surface, slowly
add the water whilst mixing until a uniform,
workable consistency is obtained.
Pre-mixed Mortar

17.  The mortar selected is to be Designed or Prescribed mortar in accordance with
BS EN 998-2.
 Designed mortars- composition and manufacturing method is selected by
the producer to achieve specified
 properties. They are classified by their compressive strength.
 Prescribed mortars- are made in pre-determined proportions the properties
of which are assumed from the
 stated proportions of the constituents and are classified by designations.
 The designer should carefully select the mortar for an application by
considering
 ♦ structural requirements
 ♦ type of construction and position in the building
 ♦ degree of exposure
 ♦ characteristics of the brick & general properties of the mortar
Selection of mortar

18. Mortars are supplied to the job site in three ways:
1. · Site mixed – the mortar is prepared on site by the mason.
2. Pre-mixed wet – the mortar is commercially prepared off-site
and shipped in tubs ready to use. A retarder is added to the
mixture to ensure the mortar in tubs does not set up before
being placed in the wall.
3. Pre-mixed dry – the mortar is commercially prepared off-site.
Water is added to the mix by the mason on site.
The supply of mortar is not typically specified but rather determined by
the mason based on site conditions.
Supplying the mortar:

19.  (1) To bind masonry units like stones, bricks and
hollow cement blocks.
 (2) To give impervious surface to roof slab and walls
(plastering).
 (3)To give neat finishing to concrete works.
 (4) For pointing masonry joints.
 (5) For preparing hollow blocks.
USES OF MORTAR

20.  Dimension of wall,
length of wall= 60 ft
height of wall= 12 ft
width of wall = 0.75 ft
volume of wall= 60*12*0.75
= 540 cft
 Deduction;
 Volume of 1 window= 4.5*7*0.75=23.625 cft
 Volume of 6 window= 23.625*6 = 141.75 cft
 Net volume = 540 – 141.75 = 398.25 cft
Quantity of Mortar in a wall

21.  Dry mortar =398.25* 0.3
=119.475 cft
Mortar Ratio=1:6
sum of ratio= 1+6= 7
As we know that;
formula= (dry material*material required)/sum of ratio
CEMENT:
=(119.475*1)/7=17.06 cft
=17.06/1.25=13.65 Bags
SAND:
=(119.475*6)/7= 102.41 cft
SINCE;
VOLUME OF 1 TROWLY = 120 cft
But in our case;
=102.41/120= 0.85 trowly

22. For Your Attention
THANKS….!