One of chapters from the subject History of Indonesia Since 1500 CE

1. 30 September Movement
Ahmad Shamil Fiqri 1313895
Ahmad Syukri Ibrahim 1426489
Muhamad Shauqi bin Shabudin 1415291
Muhammad Amirul Naim Rosmi 1319863

2. Background
- G30s
- Know as GESTAPU- Gerakan 30 September
- Also known as GESTOK- Gerakan 1 Oktober
- 1965-During the period of Soekarno
- Causes:
- Soekarno’s anti-imperial ideology- related with China and Soviet.
- Left and right wing of the army- United State.
- Effect:
- killing of 6 general armies- Lubang Buaya
- massacre of PKI supporters.

3. A) Kidnappings of generals
 The incident started at around 3:15 am on 1 October
 Seven detachments of troops in trucks and buses dispatched by
Lieutenant Col. Untung Syamsuri (commander of Tjakrabirawa,
the presidential guard)
 The troops comprised from the Tjakrabirawa (Presidential
Guard), the Diponegoro (Central Java), and Brawijaya (East
Java) Divisions,
 Left the movement's base at Halim Perdanakusumah Air Force
Base
 Three Army General Staff were killed at their home
 Commander of the Army Lieutenant General Ahmad Yani
 Major General M.T. Haryono
 Brigadier General D.I. Panjitan

4. Cont.
 3 others were taken alive
- Major General Soeprapto
- Major General S. Parman
- General Sutoyo
 Meanwhile, Abdul Harris Nasution who was the main target of the
movement managed to escape.
 However his personal aide, First Lieutenant Pierre Tendean was
captured by mistake after being mistaken for Nasution in the dark.
 Another casualities :-
-Nasution's five-year-old daughter, Ade Irma Suryani Nasution
- Police officer guarding Nasution's neighbour, Second Inspector Karel Satsuit Tubun
-General Pandjaitan's nephew, Albert Naiborhu

5. Cont.
 The generals and the bodies of their dead colleagues were
taken to a place known as Lubang Buaya near Halim where
those still alive were shot
 The bodies of all the victims were then thrown into a well
near the base

6. B) Takeover in Jakarta
 Later that morning, around 2,000 troops from two Java-based
divisions, Diponegoro and Brawijaya Division occupied Lapangan
Merdeka, the park around the National Monument in central Jakarta
 At 7 am, Radio Republik Indonesia(RRI) broadcast a message from
Lieutenant-Colonel Untung Syamsuri
 He declared the movement had taken control of strategic locations
in Jakarta.
 They proclaimed that this was to forestall a coup attempt by a
'General's Council' aided by the Central Intelligence Agency (CIA),
intent on removing Sukarno on Armed Forces Day, 5 October
 Sukarno traveled to Halim after learning that there were troops near
the Palace

8. The End of the Movement in Jakarta
 Suharto, commander of the Army's Strategic Reserve (KOSTRAD) took
command of the Army issued orders confining all troops to barrack
 Troops who gather on Lapangan Merdeka becoming hot and thirsty due
to failure of leaders to provide provisions.
 They were under the impression that they were guarding the
president in the palace.
 In afternoon, Suharto persuaded both battalions to give up without a
fight
 First the Brawijaya troops, who came to Kostrad HQ, then the
Diponegoro troops, who withdrew to Halim.
 By 7 pm Suharto was in control of all the installations previously held
by 30 September Movement's forces.
 Now joined by Nasution, at 9 pm he announced over the radio that he
was now in command of the Army and that he would destroy the
counter-revolutionary forces and save Sukarno.

9. Aftermath
 Most of the rebel troops fled, and after a minor battle in
the early hours of 2 October, the Army regained control of
Halim
 On 3 October when the bodies of all 7 who were killed
were recovered from the well in which they were thrown
at Lubang Buaya.
 They were buried in a state burial on 5 October, Armed
Forces Day.

10. Anti-communist purge
 PKI has been blamed for create chaos and mastermind of 30
September movement by Suharto and government of
Indonesia.
 After the incident in Lubang Buaya, the Anti PKI
demonstration spread to several state like Aceh, Jawa
Tengah and also Jawa Timur.
 The massacre in Indonesia (1965-1966)
 More than half million people being killed.
 More than 1 million people being prisoned in the tragedy.
 Fall down of Soekarno empire and being replaced by
Soeharto.
 The tragedy start in January 1966 with order of generals
Syarif Thayeb.

11. Anti-communist purge
 Interfere of citizens in killing communist.
 Suharto ordered Kol. Sarwo Edhie to sent Paratroops to
Central Java.
 Locals burned the PKI headquarters.
 Meanwhile in East Java, youth wing of the Nahdlatul Ulama
went on a killing frenzy, and the slaughter later spread to
Bali.

12. Theories about the
30 September
Movement

13. A PKI coup attempt: The "official" (New
Order) version
 The Army accuse PKI at the early stage
 Suharto referring this movement as G30S/PKI“
 The New Order government promoted this version with Rp.
800 million film directed by Arifin C. Noer entitled
Pengkhianatan G30S/PKI (Treachery of G30S/PKI- 1984)

15. a cartoon supporting the 30 September Movement in
the 2 October issue of the PKI magazine Harian Rakyat
(People's Daily)

17. The Plotters
 The reason used by them was to prevent a planned seizure
of power by a "Council of Generals" (Dewan Jenderal)
 They claimed to be acting to save Sukarno from these
officers allegedly led by Nasution and including Yani, who
had planned a coup on Armed Forces Day – 5 October.

18. Internal army affair
 A Preliminary Analysis of the October 1, 1965, Coup in
Indonesia.
 Commonly known as ‘ Cornell Paper’.
 Benedict Anderson,Ruth McVey and Frederick Bunnel
 Using various Indonesian news sources

21. Suharto with support from the CIA
 Professor Dale Scott alleges that the entire movement was
designed to allow for Suharto's response.
 Several points ;
a) Lapangan Merdeka was not occupied ?
b) Is really that Army switches sides during the rebellion ?
 There are links that CIA to anti-Sukarno rebels in the 1950s
to their later support for Suharto and anti-communist
forces .

22. British psyops
 The Independent newspaper in 1997 reveals the role of
UK Foreign Office & M16 Intelligence Service
 The position of Sukarno – planned to unseat was made
by Prime Minister Harold Macmillan,executed by PM
Harold Wilson.
 UK was being alarmed by CIA Memorandum in 1962
possibility of the Confrontation with Malaysia spreading

23.  Information Research Department (IRD), under British
Foreign Office coordinated psychological operations in
concert with the British military, to spread black
propaganda casting the PKI, Chinese Indonesians, and
Sukarno in a bad light.
 These efforts were to duplicate the successes of British
Psyop campaign in the Malayan Emergency.