1. GOVT.MODEL SCIENCE COLLEGE
JABALPUR (M.P)
2017-18
ENGLISHASSIGNMENT
COMMUNICATION AND SOCIAL MEDIA
made by :- Nagendra sahu (bsc 6th sem )
guided by :-Dr.usha mashram (English department)

2. Communication and Social Media
 COMMUNICATION
 INTRODUCTION :-
 Communication (from Latin commūnicāre, meaning "to share) is the act of conveying intended meanings
from one entity or group to another through the use of mutually understood signs and semiotic rules.The
formation of communicative motivation or reason.Message encoding (for example, into digital data,
written text, speech, pictures, gestures and so on).Transmission of the encoded message as a sequence of
signals using a specific channel or medium.Noise sources such as natural forces and in some cases human
activity (both intentional and accidental) begin influencing the quality of signals propagating from the
sender to one or more receivers.
 TYPES OF COMMUNICATION:- 1. Verbal communication
 2. Non-verbal communication
 VERBAL COMMUNICATION- Verbal communication is the spoken or written conveyance of a message.
Human language can be defined as a system of symbols (sometimes known as lexemes) and the grammars
(rules) by which the symbols are manipulated. The word "language" also refers to common properties of
languages. Language learning normally occurs most intensively during human childhood. Most of the
thousands of human languages use patterns of sound or gesture for symbols which enable communication
with others around them. Languages tend to share certain properties, although there are exceptions.
There is no defined line between a language and a dialect. Constructed languages such as Esperanto,
programming languages, and various mathematical formalism is not necessarily restricted to the
properties shared by human languages.

3.  NON-VERBAL COMMUNICATION :- Nonverbal communication demonstrates one of
Wazlawick's laws: you cannot not communicate. Once proximity has formed awareness,
living creatures begin interpreting any signals received. Some of the functions of nonverbal
communication in humans are to complement and illustrate, to reinforce and emphasize,
to replace and substitute, to control and regulate, and to contradict the denovative
message.Nonverbal cues are heavily relied on to express communication and to interpret
others’ communication and can replace or substitute verbal messages. However, non-
verbal communication is ambiguous. When verbal messages contradict non-verbal
messages, observation of non-verbal behaviour is relied on to judge another’s attitudes and
feelings, rather than assuming the truth of the verbal message alone.There are several
reasons as to why non-verbal communication plays a vital role in communication.
 OTHER TYPES OF COMMUNICATION:- 1. Business communivation
 2. Political communication
 3. Family communication
 BUSINESS COMMUNICATION:- Business communication is used for a wide variety of
activities including, but not limited to: strategic communications planning, media
relations, public relations (which can include social media, broadcast and written
communications, and more), brand management, reputation management, speech-writing,
customer-client relations, and internal/employee communications.

4.  POLITICAL COMMUNICATION:- The modern political communication field is highly influenced by
the framework and practices of "information operations" doctrines that derive their nature from
strategic and military studies. According to this view, what is really relevant is the concept of
acting on the Information Environment. The information environment is the aggregate of
individuals, organizations, and systems that collect, process, disseminate, or act on information.
This environment consists of three interrelated dimensions, which continuously interact with
individuals, organizations, and systems. These dimensions are known as physical, informational,
and cognitive.
 FAMILY COMMUNICATION :- Family communication study looks at topics such as family rules,
family roles or family dialectics and how those factors could affect the communication between
family members. Researchers develop theories to understand communication behaviors. Family
communication study also digs deep into certain time periods of family life such as marriage,
parenthood or divorce and how communication stands in those situations. It is important for
family members to understand communication as a trusted way which leads to a well constructed
family.

5. SOCIAL MEDIA
INTRODUCTION:- Social media are computer-mediated technologies that facilitate the creation and
sharing of information, ideas, career interests and other forms of expression via virtual communities and
networks. The variety of stand-alone and built-in social media services currently available introduces
challenges of definition; however, there are some common features:]Social [media are interactive Web 2.0
Internet-based applications.[1][2]User-generated content, such as text posts or comments, digital photos or
videos, and data generated through all online interactions, is the lifeblood of social media.Users create
service-specific profiles for the website or app that are designed and maintained by the social media
organization. Social media facilitate the development of online social networks by connecting a user's
profile with those of other individuals or groups.
POPULAR SOCIAL MEDIA ARE :- 1. Facebook
 2.Youtube
 3.Instagram
 4. whatsapp
 FACEBOOK:- Facebook is one alternative means for shyer students to be able to voice their thoughts in
and outside of the classroom. It allows students to collect their thoughts and articulate them in writing
before committing to their expression.[Further, the level of informality typical to Facebook can also aid
students in self-expression and encourage more frequent student-and-instructor and student-and-
student communication.

6. FACEBOOK ( Advantage)
 Facebook is the most popular social networking site of all time. Within six years, Facebook has
experienced dramatic growth—it has reached more than a billion users and is still growing rapidly.
 For many, Facebook has become an integral part of day-to-day life. However, while the social media
site can be very useful, it's important to avoid becoming addicted to it. This article features a
comprehensive list of the pros and cons of using Facebook in your everyday life.
 Facebook is free—and not only that, but it's also one of the best mediums for communication. You can
send messages, start a video call, and upload photos and videos without charge.
 Facebook lets you connect to different people from anywhere in the world. People everywhere these
days are familiar with Facebook. This gives you the opportunity to learn more about the culture,
values, customs, and traditions of other countries—a modern-day pen-pal service without the hassle. It
also helps keep long distance relationships alive. Sometimes these across-the-world relationships get
serious and even end up in marriage—a testament to the power of this social media platform.
 Facebook is the most convenient tool for finding old buddies and keeping friendships alive. Often when
friends move away it’s difficult to keep communicating with them. Facebook
provides the opportunity to easily communicate with your old friends and keep up-to-date one what
they're doing. It's fun to see their photos from around the world!

7.  It's an easy way to share feelings and what's happening in your daily life. You can share your
achievements to get some appreciation, or you can share your sorrows to get support from your
generous friends.
 The site has good privacy settings, allowing you to choose your desired level of privacy.
 Facebook fan pages, groups, events, etc. are getting more popular by the day. Fan pages and groups
are very handy for promotional activities. This is why almost every well-known brand has a Facebook
fan page and is investing lot of money to get exposure to their core constituents.
 Facebook groups can also be a great way to connect all of your close friends. You can create a group
and keep it private in the group's settings. Features like group chat, notifications, file sharing, etc.
can help you communicate and stay up-to-date easily.

8. FACEBOOK (Disadvantage)
 Facebook is addicting! For some people, Facebook can be as habit-forming as cigarettes! Facebook is a
useful and helpful tool, but it becomes harmful if you begin wasting your valuable time. This is the site's
biggest disadvantage, because the loss of your precious time can lead to other problems.
 There are fake profiles and IDs. Now it is easier to create fake profiles using stolen pictures. People often
use fake profiles to insult or harass someone they don't like.Teen girls are the most vulnerable to these
activities. There have been several news stories about people, normally students, who became depressed
or suicidal after being harassed on Facebook.
 There are plenty of groups and fan pages out there that condone extremist, unaccepting points of view.
These are being created to abuse or violate other religions, personalities, nationalities, etc. This kind of
discriminatory and often racist activity is not acceptable on a global site like Facebook. If you see a site
like this, report it. Facebook administrators should take necessary steps against all of these abusive
groups and pages.
 Certain Facebook activities have fueled conflict between social media-savvy couples. According to a
recent study, around a third of divorce filings in recent years have contained the word "Facebook." Posts,
pictures, and geo-tags that indicate a partner might not be telling the truth can be used as evidence in
the divorce process.

9.  Too much time on the site has been correlated with bad grades, or student results. Students who
don't study or pay attention in class do not get good marks in their exams unless they cheat or are
way too smart for the class in the first place!
 People can stalk you and get your personal information. It is highly recommended not to share your
personal information publicly.
 Not only students, but also people working in offices can waste time on Facebook. That's why many
offices have decided to block the site from their networks completely.
 Many people have lost their usernames because their accounts were falsely reported. This is
something Facebook administrators should be more careful about. However, you can get your
username back with a government-issued ID.
 Different sources have found that Facebook can be life-threatening at times. Unknown people can
track your activities and see where you are when. So be careful about whom you add as a friend. It's
also a good idea to keep you activities private to people who are not your friends.

10. (WHATSAPP)
 INTRODUCTION:- WhatsApp Messenger is a freeware and cross-platform instant messaging
and Voice over IP (VoIP) service. The application allows the sending of text messages and
voice calls, as well as video calls, images and other media, documents, and user location.
The application runs from a mobile device though it is also accessible from desktop
computers; the service uses standard cellular mobile numbers.
 WhatsApp Web :- WhatsApp was officially made available for PCs through a web client,
under the name WhatsApp Web, in late January 2015 through an announcement made by
Koum on his Facebook page: "Our web client is simply an extension of your phone: the
web browser mirrors conversations and messages from your mobile device—this means all
of your messages still live on your phone". The WhatsApp user's handset must still be
connected to the Internet for the browser application to function. All major desktop
browsers are supported except for Microsoft Internet Explorer. WhatsApp Web's user
interface is based on the default Android one.

11.  Windows and Mac :- On May 10, 2016, the messaging service was introduced for both Windows and
macOS operating systems. WhatsApp currently does not allow audio or video calling from desktop
operating systems. Similar to the WhatsApp Web format, the app, which will be synced with a user's
mobile device, is available for download on the website. It supports OS versions of Windows 8 and OS X
10.9 and higher
 End-to-end encryption :- On November 18, 2014, Open Whisper Systems announced a partnership with
WhatsApp to provide end-to-end encryption by incorporating the encryption protocol used in Signal into
each WhatsApp client platform. Open Whisper Systems said that they had already incorporated the
protocol into the latest WhatsApp client for Android, and that support for other clients, group/media
messages, and key verification would be coming soon after.[WhatsApp confirmed the partnership to
reporters, but there was no announcement or documentation about the encryption feature on the
official website, and further requests for comment were declined.
 WhatsApp Payments :- WhatsApp Payments is a peer to peer money transfer feature that is set to
launch in India. WhatsApp has received permission from the National Payments Corporation of India
(NPCI) to enter into partnership with multiple banks in July, 2017[to allow users to make in-app
payments and money transfers using the Unified Payments Interface (UPI).[UPI enables account-to-
account transfers from a mobile app without having any details of the beneficiary's bank.
 Security and privacy :- On January 13, 2017, The Guardian reported that security researcher Tobias
Boelter had found that WhatsApp's policy of forcing re-encryption of initially undelivered messages,
without informing the recipient, constituted a serious loophole whereby WhatsApp could disclose, or be
compelled to disclose, the content of these messages.

12. (INSTAGRAM)
 INTRODUCTION:-
 Instagram is a mobile, desktop, and Internet-based photo-sharing application and service that allows users to
share pictures and videos either publicly, or privately to pre-approved followers. It was created by Kevin
Systrom and Mike Krieger, and launched in October 2010 as a free mobile app exclusively for the iOS operating
system. A version for Android devices was released two years later, in April 2012, followed by a feature-limited
website interface in November 2012, and apps for Windows 10 Mobile and Windows 10 in April 2016 and October
2016 respectively. It is owned by Facebook.
 Instagram lets registered users upload photos or videos to the service. Users can apply various digital filters to
their images, and add locations through geotags. They can add hashtags to their posts, linking the photos up to
other content on Instagram featuring the same subject or overall topic. Users can connect their Instagram
account to other social media profiles, enabling them to share photos to those profiles as well.
 After its launch in 2010, Instagram rapidly gained popularity, with one million registered users in two months,
10 million in a year, and ultimately 800 million as of September 2017. Its users have uploaded over 40 billion
photos to the service as of October 2015. As of April 2017, Instagram Direct has 375 million active users, while,
as of June 2017, the Instagram Stories functionality has over 250 million active users. Instagram was acquired
by Facebook in April 2012 for approximately US$1 billion in cash and stock. The popularity of Instagram has
resulted in widespread community engagement, including dedicated "trends", in which users post specific types
of photos on specific days of the week with a hashtag representing a common theme.

13. (YOUTUBE )
 YouTube is an American video-sharing website headquartered in San Bruno, California. The service was
created by three former PayPal employees—Chad Hurley, Steve Chen, and Jawed Karim—in February 2005.
Google bought the site in November 2006 for US$1.65 billion; YouTube now operates as one of Google's
subsidiaries.
 YouTube allows users to upload, view, rate, share, add to favorites, report, comment on videos, and
subscribe to other users. It offers a wide variety of user-generated and corporate media videos. Available
content includes video clips, TV show clips, music videos, short and documentary films, audio recordings,
movie trailers, live streams, and other content such as video blogging, short original videos, and
educational videos. Most of the content on YouTube is uploaded by individuals, but media corporations
including CBS, the BBC, Vevo, and Hulu offer some of their material via YouTube as part of the YouTube
partnership program. Unregistered users can only watch videos on the site, while registered users are
permitted to upload an unlimited number of videos and add comments to videos. Videos deemed
potentially inappropriate are available only to registered users affirming themselves to be at least 18
years old.
 YouTube earns advertising revenue from Google AdSense, a program which targets ads according to site
content and audience. The vast majority of its videos are free to view, but there are exceptions, including
subscription-based premium channels, film rentals, as well as YouTube Red, a subscription service offering
ad-free access to the website and access to exclusive content made in partnership with existing users. As
of February 2017, there are more than 400 hours of content uploaded to YouTube each minute, and one
billion hours of content are watched on YouTube every day. As of August 2017, the website is ranked as the
second-most popular site in the world by Alexa Internet, a web traffic analysis company.

14.  YouTube Red:-
 YouTube Red is YouTube's premium subscription service. It offers advertising-free streaming, access to
exclusive content, background and offline video playback on mobile devices, and access to the Google
Play Music "All Access" service.[196] YouTube Red was originally announced on November 12, 2014, as
"Music Key", a subscription music streaming service, and was intended to integrate with and replace the
existing Google Play Music "All Access" service.[197][198][199] On October 28, 2015, the service was re-
launched as YouTube Red, offering ad-free streaming of all videos, as well as access to exclusive original
content.[200][201][202] As of November 2016, the service has 1.5 million subscribers, with a further million
on a free-trial basis.[203] As of June 2017, the first season of YouTube Red Originals had gotten 250 million
views in total
 YouTube TV:-
 On February 28, 2017, in a press announcement held at YouTube Space Los Angeles, YouTube announced
the launch of YouTube TV, an over-the-top MVPD-style subscription service that would be available for
United States customers at a price of US$35 per month. Initially launching in five major markets (New
York City, Los Angeles, Chicago, Philadelphia and San Francisco) on April 5, 2017.
 YouTube Go:-
 YouTube Go is an Android app aimed at making YouTube easier to access on mobile devices in emerging
markets. It is distinct from the company's main Android app and allows videos to be downloaded and
shared with other users. It also allows users to preview videos, share downloaded videos through
Bluetooth, and offers more options for mobile data control and video resolution

15. VIDEO ON COMMUNICATION AND SOCIAL MEDIA