Common Diseases and Pests Management Introduction.pdf
1. Common Diseases and Pests
Management Introduction
By
Dr. Nikhil Ambish Mehta (Ph.D)
Research Officer & Admin
Punjab State Farmers and Farm Workers Commission
Punjab State Farmers’ and Farm Workers’ Commission
2. Medium Culture : Soil Less culture
• Hydroponics
• Run to waste (drain to waste)
• Recycled Nutrient Solution
2
Punjab State Farmers’ and Farm Workers’ Commission
3. Hydroponic farm at Village
Kamiada Fardikot
3
In Year 2019, Root rot, Virus, Blights and flower drop, Pollination
Punjab State Farmers’ and Farm Workers’ Commission
4. Common Pathogens for Cucurtbits
• Bacteria Fruit Blotch (BFB)
• Phytophthora blight
• Fusarium Wilt
• Anthracnose
• Gummy Stem Blight
• Powdery Mildew
• Downy Mildew
• Virus
Punjab State Farmers’ and Farm Workers’ Commission
5. Character and Symptom of BFB
• Bacterial Fruit Blotch
• Seed-borned
pathogen
• Water-soaked lesions
• Olive-green stain
• Brown or darker
lesions with sticky
surface
extension.udel.ed
u
Punjab State Farmers’ and Farm Workers’ Commission
6. Phytophthora blight
• Optimal temp. 20-25℃,
high humidity
• Attack juvenile tissues
often
• Water- soaked, dark-green,
soft rot
• Brown, dry tissue
• White cottony growth
Punjab State Farmers’ and Farm Workers’ Commission
7. Fusarium wilt
• Soilborned &
Seedborned
• Damping-off (Seedling)
• Yellowing and then
necrosis
• Wilt from older leaves
to younger folage
• Discoloration of
vascular system (xylem)
• No chemicals available extension.entm.purdue.edu
aggie-horticulture.tamu.edu
Punjab State Farmers’ and Farm Workers’ Commission
8. Anthracnose
• Optimal temp. 20-
30 ℃
• Brown lesions on
leaf
• Pink (salmon-
colored) spores
(conidia)
• Canker on fruit
• Found on Pepper
as well
Punjab State Farmers’ and Farm Workers’ Commission
9. Downy Mildew
• 15-22 ℃, high
humidity
• Water-soaked lesions
limited by veins on
cucumber and
squash leaves
• Light green, chlorotic,
necrotic
• Spread rapidly
Punjab State Farmers’ and Farm Workers’ Commission
10. Powdery Mildew
• Optimal temp. 20-
28℃
• Develop on crown
leaves, shaded lower
leaves, and on leaf
undersurfaces
Punjab State Farmers’ and Farm Workers’ Commission
11. Gummy Stem Blight
• Seed-borned
pathogen
• Water-soaked area
with yellow halos and
later V-shaped yellow-
brown necrotic lesions
on leaves
• Brown- Black cankers
on stems
Punjab State Farmers’ and Farm Workers’ Commission
12. Common Pathogen for Solanaceae
• Bacterial wilt
• Late blight
• Early blight
• Anthracnose
• Powdery Mildew
• Virus
• Nematodes
Punjab State Farmers’ and Farm Workers’ Commission
13. Bacterial Wilt
• Scientific Name:
Ralstonia
solanacearum
• Wilt a few leaves at
first
• Wilt and decline, but
not yellowing
• Brownish discoloration
on vascular system
• No chemicals available
www.cals.ncsu.edu
Punjab State Farmers’ and Farm Workers’ Commission
14. Late Blight
• Scientific Name:
Phytophthora infestans
• Cool temps (16-22℃)and
high humidity
• Water- soaked or chlorotic
lesions on leaves
• Water- soaked lesions on
stems
• Dark brown, firm lesions
on fruits
• Spread rapidly
Punjab State Farmers’ and Farm Workers’ Commission
15. Early Blight
• Scientific Name: Alternaria
solani
• Round leaf spot with
target-like appearance
• Similar symptoms on
stems and fruits
Punjab State Farmers’ and Farm Workers’ Commission
16. Virus
• Green and light green spots
on younger leaves or fruits
• Deform leaves
• Light-green, yellow leaves
• Shorten Internode,Dwarf
plant
• Some virus wide host range
• Transmitted by insects
• Mechanical transmit
Punjab State Farmers’ and Farm Workers’ Commission
17. Common Pathogen for Solanaceae
• Aphid
• Thrips
• White Fly
• Catepillars
• Mites
• Leaf Miners
• Nematodes
Punjab State Farmers’ and Farm Workers’ Commission
19. Thrips
• Check plants tip first, also
check flowers
• Transmit virus such as
TSWV
• Small yellow black insect
• Upward curling of leaf
• Spread viruses
• Wide range of Hosts
Punjab State Farmers’ and Farm Workers’ Commission
20. Whitefly
• Small white colour flies
• Transmit viruses
• Suck cell saps
• Downward curling of
leaf
• Many Host Plants
• Wind blown
• Insect Cycle 1 week
www.dpvweb.net/intro
Punjab State Farmers’ and Farm Workers’ Commission
21. Caterpillars
• Larvae of Lepidoptera
(moth or butterfly)
• Semilooper, Spodoptera
• Eat leaf and fruits
• Different larval stages
• Egg masses
• Holes in the leaf
Punjab State Farmers’ and Farm Workers’ Commission
22. Mites
• White to gray spots
on the leaves
• Eggs on back of
leaves
• Red Spider mites
• Yellow two spotted
• Brood Mites
Punjab State Farmers’ and Farm Workers’ Commission
23. Leaf Miner
• Larva lives in and
eats the tissue of
leaf
www.ces.ncsu.edu
Punjab State Farmers’ and Farm Workers’ Commission