VIRAL DISEASES OF BOTTLE GOURD

1. VIRAL DISEASES OF BOTTLE GOURD
SUBMITTED TO,
Dr. Mrs. S. SIMON SUBMITTED BY,
NAVNEET
I.D. NO. – 15MSENT015

2. BOTTLE GOURD
*Botanical name:- Lagenaria siceraria
*Family:- Cucurbitaceae
*Native:- Tropical Africa
*Season:- July and january
*Crop duration:- 135 days
*Chromosome no.- 2n=22
*Distribution:-Africa, Asia, Europe, America

3. *IMPORTANCE
*Ayurveda recommends cooked bottle gourd for better digestion.
It is cooling, calming, diuretic and anti-bilious.
* bottle gourd supports the urinary system of our body by
reducing burning sensation from high acidic urination.
*It contains many vitamins and minerals, such as, calcium,
magnesium, phosphorus, Vitamin A, C and folate.
*It is extremely popular for weight loss.
*Bottle gourd reduce high blood pressure and keep your heart
healthy.
*Bottle gourd is known to combat excessive thirst in diabetic
patients.
*In Ayurveda it is also know to prevent premature greying.

4. INTRODUCTION TO CULTIVATION
*Propagated by seed, Transplant about 15 days old seedlings in the
main field.
*Sandy loamy soils, pH ranges from 6.5 to 7.5 is suited for bottle
gourd cultivation.
*This crop requires a moderate warm temperature.

5. VIRAL DISEASES OF BOTTLE GOURD
*Cucumber mosaic virus
*Cucumber green mottle mosaic virus
*Papaya ring spot virus-W
* Watermelon mosaic virus
*Zucchini yellow mosaic virus
*Clover yellow vein virus
*Chlorotic Curly Stunt

6. Cucumber Mosaic Virus
SYMPTOMS
• Plants are severely stunted
• foliage is covered in distinctive yellow mosaic
• leaves of plant curl downwards and leaf size is smaller than normal
• flowers on infected plants may be deformed with green petals
• fruits become distorted and are small in size
• fruit is often discolored
ENVIRONMENT
CMV is found in temperate areas around the world. This virus cannot
live in extremely dry conditions. CMV is shown to develop symptoms
more readily in temperatures between 79 and 89 degrees Fahrenheit.

7. Bottle gourd affected by cucumber mosaic virus

8. TRANSMITION:-
Transmitted by ahids; more than 80 aphid species, including Myzus
persicae and Aphis gossypii, are capable of transmitting the virus in
a nonpersistent

9. MANAGEMENT
 Removing weeds and diseased plants from fields can reduce
the chance of infections.
Maintaining clean and sanitized tools, machines and hands can
help.
The use of resistant varieties is another way some farmers
control virus spread
Vector control by using systemic insecticides (Metasystox
0.1%).
Resistant cultivars have been developed recently.

10. Cucumber green mottle mosaic virus
*First reported in the U.S. in a melon seed production field in
California.
*CGMMV is a member of the genus tobamo virus, which also
includes the well-known tobacco mosaic virus (TMV).
*Host ranges to cucurbit species, including watermelon, melon,
cucumber, pumpkin, squash, gourds, etc.

11. Plant Symptoms
*Seedlings:In severe infections cotyledons may become yellow
but more often symptoms are not seen until the 1st or 2nd leaf
stage.
*Leaf: CGMMV symptoms, mottling and mosaic on leaves, fruit
mottling and distortion.
*Early symptoms include vein clearing and crumpling on young
leaves while mature leaves become bleached and chlorotic.
*Fruit: These may be symptomless, at least externally, or can
become severely spotted or streaked and distorted, especially
during high temperatures.
*In some cases, fruit that show no external symptoms may be
internally discolored or necrotic

12. HEAVILY INFECTED BOTTLE GOURD PLANT BY
CUCUMBER GREEN MOTTLE VIRUS

13. TRANSMISSION:-
*The virus can spreadthrough root to root contact.
*ˆCGMMV can spread in water or in nutrient solutions in soilless
culture.
*It is theoretically possible that some chewing insects could vector
the virus, but this has not been confirmed experimentally.
*Seed harvested from infected plants may carry CGMMV, and
transmission can be 20% or more.

14. MANAGEMENT
ˆSeveral common seed treatment methods (including
thermotherapy at 72C for 3 days, chemotherapy in 10%
trisodium phosphate or a combination of both) have some
effect on CGMMV infectivity in seeds.
The completeness in deactivation of CGMMV infectivity
in seeds should be confirmed through bioassay
Plant virus-free seed
Rouging of infected plants.
Crop rotation may be applied
*Resistant varieties have been developed recently.

15. Zucchini yellow mosaic virus
*ZYMV is a recently described virus disease of cucurbits,
first identified in Europe in 1981.
*It has since been reported from most southern and
southwestern states and was found in New York State in
1983.
*The virus has characteristics very similar to WMV-1 and
WMV-2
*ZYMV is a member of the genus Potyvirus, family
Potyviridae.
* Its host range is not limited to cucurbits.

16. SYMPTOMS:-
*Foliar symptoms consist of a prominent yellow mosaic,
necrosis, green veinbanding, chlorotic spots, blistering
distortion, leaf deformation and stunting.
*Fruits remain small, greatly malformed, and green
mottled, including fruit of the variet

17. TRANSMISSION:-
• ZYMV is transmitted by certain species of aphids, by plant sap
containing the virus, and through infected seeds.
• Aphids transmit ZYMV in a non-persistent manner.
• Ten species of aphids are known vectors, but Aphis gossypii and
the A. craccivora are probably the most important vectors.

18. MANAGEMENT
Resistant varieties
Cropping systems.
Deterring aphids. Using reflective mulches or installing yellow
sticky traps or pan traps are also methods of interfering with
aphid behavio
Removal of infected plants.
Removal of weed hosts.
Promote natural predators of aphids. Ladybird beetles and
hoverflies
Chemical control of aphids.

19. Chlorotic Curly Stunt
• Bottle gourd in India was observed to be affected by a
chlorotic curly stunt disease (CCSD) during 2003–2006 in
the vegetable growing areas of Delhi and adjoining state of
Haryana.
• The virus was transmitted to Cucumis sativus, Luffa
acutangula, L. cylndrica, Lycopersicon esculentum, Nicotiana
tabacum and Praecitrullus fistulosus
SYMPTOMS:-
• The affected plants are severely stunted and bear very small
chlorotic and mildly curled leaves.

20. a,b- Field symptoms.
C- Greenhouse symptoms
following inoculation
through Bemisia tabaci.
D- Geminate particles in
the diseased leaf of bottle
gourd
Disease symptoms of chlorotic curly stunt of bottle gourd

21. TRANSMISSION:-
*The disease could be easily transmitted by
whitefly, Bemisia tabaci but not by sap.

22. REFERENCE
• Verma R, Ahlawat YS, Tomer SPS, Prakash S,
Pant RP, 2004. First report of Zucchini yellow
mosaic virus in bottle gourd (Lagenaria siceraria)
in India. Plant Disease 88, 426.
• “Diseases of edible oil seed crop”- C.
Chattopadhyay, S. J. Kotre
• https://ipm.illinois.edu/diseases/rpds/903.pdf