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1. CONVENTIONS IN CITING SOURCES
Why cite the source?
It gives credit to the authors.
It provides you and the reader with more information about the
sources.
It shows the writer’s credibility, referring to whether hisher
sources are reliable.
It prevents plagiarism, an act of stealing someone else’s ideas and
presenting them as your own.

2. What is a bibliography?
•taken from the Greek word “biblion” which means ‘book’ and
“graphia” which means to ‘write’.
•contains an alphabetical list of sources like books, periodicals,
and websites used by the writer or researcher.
A research paper should contain a bibliography written on a
separate page and should be located at the end of the paper.
Each entry uses a hanging indention, also known as a second
line indention.

3. 3 Main Citation Styles
1. The American Psychological Association (APA) Style
which is used in social and behavior sciences.
2. The Modern Language Association (MLA) Style which
is used for writing papers on literature and related
subjects like theater or film.
3. The Chicago Manual of Style (CMOS) which is often
used in many academic fields, especially in the
humanities and social sciences.

4. BOOK CITATION
Author, A. A., & Author, B. B. (Copyright Year). Title of the book (7th ed.). Publisher.
Last name, Initial. (Copyright Year). Title of the book (7th ed.). Publisher.
Example:
Single Author
Bermudez, L. (2017). The journey to the end of Asia (2nd ed.). RELC Press.
De Chavez, J. (2020). Pagsibol: Batayang aklat sa pagkatuto sa Filipino. Agila
Publishing House.
Two Authors
Cadavido, J. S., & Bermudez, L. (2017). Living as students overseas. RELC Press.
https://relc.org.sg/Living_as_students_overseas.
Balaogan, E. T., & Cargullo, L. C. (2017). Understanding the complex behavior of
adolescence (4thed.). Cainta & Cainta.

5. PERIODICALS(Journals, Magazines, Newspapers)
Author, A. A., & Author, B. B. (Year). Title of the article. Name of the Periodical, volume(issue), #-#.
https://doi.org/xxxx.
Article in Journal Paginated by Volume
Dino-Aparicio, C., Andrey, S. M., & Cadavido, J. S. (2019). Relativization in spoken
texts in Philippine English. Philippine Journal of English Language Teaching, 55,
234-256.
Article in Journal Paginated by Issue
Dino-Aparicio, C., Andrey, S. M., & Cadavido, J. S. (2019). Relativization in spoken
texts in Philippine English. Philippine Journal of English Language Teaching,
55(12), 234-256. Sales, T. (2020). S

6. PERIODICALS (Journals, Magazines, Newspapers)
Author, A. A., & Author, B. B. (Year). Title of the article. Name of the Periodical, volume(issue), #-#.
https://doi.org/xxxx.
Article in Magazine
Salvador, G. (2020, June). Overcoming tensions in schools. Education Today, 12- 10.
https://pwi.com.ph/The_gift_of_life_and_love/.
Article in a Newspaper
• Unlike other periodicals, p. or pp. is used to indicate the page number for
newspapers.
Narvaez, J. M. (2015, October). Call for unity amidst global recession. Philippine
Daily Inquirer, p. 3A.

7. Other Print Sources
Government Document DepEd CALABARZON. (2020). Guidelines on the
implementation of MELC PIVOT budget of work in all learning areas
for key stages 1-4 (Regional Order No. 10). DepEd Regional Office.
Report from a Private Organization World Health Organization. (2020).
Coronavirus disease situation report in the Philippines.
https://www.who.int/docs/default-source/wpro---documents/
countries/philippines/emergencies/covid-19/who-phl-sitrep-20-covid-
19-17apr2020.pdf?sfvrsn=7dd8c1b8_2.