Basic Facts about Four Stroke diesel engine

1. STUDY OF SINGLE CYLINDER
FOUR STROKE CYCLE DIESEL ENGINE
TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY ( DAWEI )
DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING
B.TECH YEAR III (Mechanical)
SUPERVISED BY
U Aung Myo San Hlaing
Co-SUPERVISED BY
U Arka Phone Naing
Presented by

2. ABSTRACT
Our project is about the study of single cylinder four-stroke diesel engine.
To understand the fundamental principal of engine components, their systems and
the main function about the engine is the main aim of this project.
Engine components and other related leakage system of the engine are studied practically.
The experience how to work the four-stroke diesel engine and how they relate with the
engine running are obtained.

3. OUTLINE OF PRESENTATION
 Aim and Objective
 Introducing to Engine
 Four Stroke Diesel Engine
 Studying on Chaihai Diesel Engine
 Discussion and Conclusion

4. AIMS AND OBJECTIVES

5. AIMS AND OBJECTIVES
 To study the basic construction of single cylinder 4 stroke diesel engine
 To know briefly about the internal parts of engine
 To study technical knowledge from single cylinder 4 stroke engine
 To obtain wide experience and much knowledge on servicing the engine work
 To cooperate with each other
 To realize what is team work and
 To have step by step thinking and predicting skill on job

6. CHAPTER - 1
INTRODUCING TO ENGINE

7. Definition of Engine
Engine is a device for converting energy into motion or mechanical work. The
energy is usually supplied in the form of a chemical fuel, such as oil or gasoline,
steam or electricity.
Internal Combustion Engine

8. Types of Engine
Most Engine can be classified into two types

9. External Combustion and Internal Combustion Engines
Heat
Energy
Fuel is
burnt
Mechanical
Energy
Heat
energy
When the fuel is burnt outside of the engine, it is called External Combustion Engine
It is called Internal Combustion Engine if combustion is taken place inside of engine.

10. DIESEL ENGINE
 Internal combustion engine
 Heat is caused by air compression ignites the fuel
 Do not need spark plugs
 More efficient and less expensive
 Diesel fuel costs less
 Produces sooty smelly smoke
 Modern diesels engine fixed
the problems of older models
Rudolf Diesel (1858-1913)

11. CHAPTER - 2
FOUR STROKE DIESEL ENGINE

12. Some of Diesel Engine Characteristics
1. No Throttle Valve
2. Heat of compression ignites fuel as its sprays into engine cylinder
3. It has a high compression ratio of 16:1 to 22:1.
4. It can control engine power and speed only by the amount of fuel sprayed
into the cylinders.

13. Engine Components
1. Cylinder Block
2. Cylinder Liners
3. Cylinder Head
4. Head Gaskets
5. Crank Shaft
6. Cams and Camshaft
7. Timing Gears
8. Crankcase
9. Piston
10. Connecting Rod
11. Fly wheel
12. Main Bearing
13. Valves

14. CYLINDER BLOCK
Cylinder block , the basic foundation
of an engine, includes passages
for cooling water and opening for valves.
Make with gray cast iron, semi steel ,
aluminum or aluminum alloy.

15. CYLINDER LINER
Two types of cylinder liner - dry liner and wet liner.
They are used -
To re-bore the cylinder
To use removable cylinder liner

16. CYLINDER HEAD
Attach to the cylinder block by studs and
contains combustion chambers, injector holes,
water jacket and passages from the valve
ports.
It is usually made of cast iron or aluminum.

17. HEAD GASKET
• Make of soft metal or asbestos and metal
• Serve as washer between machine parts
• Two basic types
1. Shim type
2. Sandwich type
• 1

18. CRANKSHAFT
The power from an engine is taken at the crankshaft
It is one piece casting or forging of heat treated alloy steel.
One revolution of crank shaft is one half of piston stroke (four stroke engine)
It has drilled oil passages through which oil can flow from main to big end
bearing.

19. CAM AND CAMSHAFT
• Cams are integral parts of a camshaft
• Two cams for every cylinder. (for intake and exhaust)
• Camshaft receives its motion from the crankshaft with timing gear or timing chain
• Make with suitable angular position to open and close the respective valves at proper time as
per the engine firing order

20. TIMING GEAR
It connects the camshaft and crankshaft.
The marks of timing gear serve as guideline to the mechanic at the time of
assembly.

21. CRANKCASE
OIL PAN
It support the crankshaft and camshaft and provides arms or brackets for
supporting engine on foundation
Make with Gray Cast Iron or Aluminum.
It is reservoir for lubricating oil and located at the lower part of the crankcase.
A gasket is provided between the oil pan and the crank case.

22. PISTON
Cylindrical in shape, closed at the top and open at the bottom.
To support the piston pin, bosses are provided.
Make of cast iron, cast steel or aluminum alloy.
It is slightly smaller in diameter than the cylinder bore.
It usually consists of 3 or more piston rings.
Some rings serve for compression and other rings for oil control.

23. CROSS SECTION OF PISTON

24. CONNECTING ROD
It connects the piston and with the crankshaft.
Small end is attached to the piston by piston pin and
The big end is attached to the crankshaft by crank pin.
It has holes drilled the big to the small end
bearing to carry lubricating oil.
It is made of high strength alloy steel.

25. FLYWHEEL
A flywheel is rotating wheel provided to minimize the speed fluctuations. During
the power stroke, the flywheel absorbs the excess energy
and gives it back during the other three strokes

26. VALVES
Most engines have intake and exhaust valve for each cylinder.
Inlet valve is made of ordinary alloy or carbon steel while
exhaust valve is made of silicon chrome steel
as exhaust valves run very hot state.
Diameter of inlet valve is greater than the exhaust valve.

27. PARTS OF FOUR CYCLE DIESEL ENGINE
Today, internal combustion engines are widely
used in cars, trucks, aircraft , motorcycles,
construction machinery and many others.

28. Compression
Stroke
Power
Stroke
Exhaust
Stroke
Intake
Stroke
FOUR STROKE CYCLE

29. SOME IMPORTANT SYSTEM AND FEATURES OF THE ENGINE
 Power Output Limit
 Engine Speeds
 Fuel Injection System
 Combustion System
 Cooling System
 Lubricating System

30. Some Advantages of Four Stoke Diesel Engine
 More efficient
 More reliable
 More cooler
 More safer
 Easily turbo-charged
 Produce minimal amount of carbon dioxide (For advanced models)
 Easily accept synthetic fuels
 Service requirement is less frequent
 Diesel cost less than other fuel

31. Some Disadvantages of Four Stoke Diesel Engine
 Engine is grunt and crude
 High Pollution
 Regular maintenance is required
 Although service requirement is less , it is hefty on pocket
 Retrofitting is impossible for most cases

32. CHAPTER – 3
STUDYING ON CHAIHAI
DIESEL ENGINE

33. THIS CHAPTER CONSISTS OF
 Observing S1100 Diesel Engine
 Uses of S1100 Diesel Engine and Its Specifications
 Detail Specification of S1100 Diesel Engine
 Facts to Know Before Starting New Engine.
 Dismantling and Reassembly of the Engine
 The Common Troubles that Encounter
 Regular Maintenance of the Engine

34. OBSERVING S1100 CHAIHAI DIESEL ENGINE
The Longitudinal Section and Cross Section of S1100 Diesel Engine

35. BEFORE STARTING NEW ENGINE
 Check the torque of four nuts that located at the cylinder head
 Fill the hopper with the water
 Fill the engine with the lubricating oil
 Fill the Diesel into the fuel tank
 Check whether the base of engine is tightly fixed with bolts or not.

36. DISMANTLING PROCEDURE
1. Take Out all the Cooling Water
2. Dismount Cylinder Head and Head Cover
3. Remove Fuel Tank and Hopper
4. Dismount the Gear Casing
5. Remove the Rear Cover of Cylinder Block
6. Dismount of Piston and Connecting Rod Assembly
7. Dismantle the Flywheel
8. Remove the Crankshaft
9. Remove the Balancing

37. COMMON TROUBLES
 Engine fails to start
 Engine fails to develop full power
 Abnormal engine exhaust colors
 Engine fails to sun smoothly or stalls suddenly
 Engine develops abnormal noises
 Lubricating oil pressure is getting low.

38. REGULAR MAINTENANCE
 Oil Sump and strainer assembly
 Air filter
 Fuel filter
 Valve clearance
 Fuel Tank and Fuel filing screen
 Oils dust in the crankshaft
 Cylinder head nuts connecting rod bolts fly wheel nuts,
 Fuel Injector
 Valve tightness
 Cooling water jacket and passages in the cylinder block and cylinder head
 Cylinder head, cylinder liner and piston connecting rod assembly

39. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION

40. • In conducting the project work, we obtained much knowledge about single cylinder 4-
stroke diesel engine and other system of the engine.
• We studied about the definition of engine, construction, operation, function, types of
engine and engine components definitely.
• And then, we studied about the operation and function of the diesel engine.
• According to the project, we got a lot of knowledge and much experience that we
didn’t know before.
• The plan of this project must be known construction and operation of four-stroke
cycle diesel engine (single cylinder).
• This project makes finish may be knowledge, it has a place for man with ideas, who is
“NOT AFRAID TO WORK” in our life

41. THANK YOU
FOR YOUR ATTENTION