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Description of Lusaka sanitation-network
1. MODULE: SANITATION NETWORKING
SUBJECT: DESCRIPTION OF THE SANITATION NETWORK OF ZAMBIA
BY ; 1. KAPEMA MWABA
2. HYDARA NDEY SIREH
PROFESSOR D. LOUDYI
WATER AND ENVIRONNEMENTAL ENGINEERING
Université Hassan II de Casablanca
Faculté des Sciences et Techniques Mohammedia
2. PLAN
INTRODUCTION
SANITARY SEWERAGE SYSTEM IN LUSAKA
TYPES OF SEWAGE DISPOSAL METHODES
SANITARY SEWERAGE PROBLEMS/ CHALLENGES
MEETING THE SANITARY SEWERAGE PROBLEMS/ CHALLENGES
CONCLUSION
3. INTRODUCTION
A). Geography of Zambia
Zambia is a land-locked country in Southern Africa.
AREA: 752,620Km2
POPULATION: 11,9 Million
POLITICS: Democratic Republic
ADMINISTRATION: Divided into 10 provinces with
103 districts.
ETHNOLINGUISTIC GROUPS: 73 languages
OFFICIAL LANGUAGE: English
4. INTRODUCTION
B) WATER RESOURCES
Unlike most countries in the SADCregion, Zambia
has generally sufficient surface water to meet
the present and future demands.
The country is rich in rivers,lakes and streams.
Also Groundwater availability is unevenly distributed
And it having a tropical climate, the annual
rainfall averages between 1400mm(North) and
700mm(South).
5. INTRODUCTION
C) RESPONSIBILITY FOR WATER AND SANITATION
MINISTRY OF WATER DEVELOPMENT, SANITATION AND ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION
- Responsible for water supply,sanitation infrastructure and resource mobilization
NATIONAL WATER SUPPLY AND SANITATION COUNCIL (NWASCO)
- Advise the government on water supply, sanitation matters and tariff regulations
LOCAL GOVERNMENT COMPANIES
- Companies responsible for service provision owned by the local authorities.The size of
utilities ranges from 3000 to more than 75000 connections
6. INTRODUCTION
D) CASE STUDY; LUSAKA PROVINCE
Lusaka Province is one of Zambia’s 10 Provinces.
The provincial capital is Lusaka,which is also the
national capital. The Province has 8 districts.
Lusaka is the most densely populated with a
population of 2.1 million, about 70% of this population
reside in Peri-Urban areas. In total Lusaka has 33
Different Peri-Urban areas.
7. INTRODUCTION
COMPANY RESPONSIBLE FOR WATER AND SANITATION IN LUSAKA:
- Lusaka Water and Sewerage Company (LWSC)
The company has an operational area divided in 8
Operational branches;
1. Kabulonga
2. Kabwata
3. Central
4. Lumumba
5. Chelston
6. Matero
7. Peri-urban
8. Kafue
8. INTRODUCTION
Reponsibilities of LWSC:
Piped water supply
Water quality testing
Leak detection
Sewage disposal
Sewerage services
Sewer maintenance and repairs
9. TARRIFICATION
SERVICES TARIFF
SEWERAGE
Domestic 30%
Commercial/ Industrial 45%
WATER
Domestic Metered Customers
1st block - to 6 K/M3 3,93
2nd block 6 to 30 k/M3 4,72
3rd block 30 to 100 K/M3 5,35
Commercial Metered Customers
1st block 0 to 30K/M3 6,85
2nd block 30 to 170K/M3 9,46
3rd block 170 to – K/M3 10,76
Tarrification for sewerage connection is normally calculated as the %of the water consumption. For
customers using own boreholes or other sources, it is base on access bill of similar connected
customers.
10. SANITARY SEWAGE SYSTEMS IN
LUSAKA
LUSAKA HAS BOTH THE COLLECTIVE AND NON COLLECTIVE SANITARY
SEWERAGE SYSTEMS.
COLLECTIVE SEWERAGE SYSTEM:
-Lusaka uses the separative collective system: This means that two separate collecter
methods are used.
1. One for wastewater
2. The other for stormwater
NON COLLECTIVE SEWERAGE SYSTEM:
This system is mainly used in the Peri-Urban areas that do not have a sewer public network
connection.
11. TYPES OF SEWAGE DISPOSAL
METHODES
1). THE WATERBORNE METHODE
NETWORK OF PIPES + SEWERAGE TREATMENT PLANTS
This methode covers about 35% of the areas and is directly managed by the LWSC.
The Lusaka city pipe network covers a total length of about 450km with about 10,000
manholes.
12. TYPES OF SEWAGE DISPOSAL
METHODES
The network has a total of 8 sewerage pumping stations
15. TYPES OF SEWERAGE DISPOSAL
METHODES
2) ON-SITE SANITATION SYSTEM
The on-site sanitation can be divided into 2 types:
I. SEPTIC TANK AND SOAK-AWAYS: This methode covers about 20% of the areas
16. TYPES OF SEWAGE DISPOSAL
METHODES
II. PIT-LATRINES: This covers about 45% of the areas
and find wide application in the very high density
residential area in the City. When they are filled,
some are emptied by the local authorities or just
back filled by the owners and construct new ones.
17. TYPES OF SEWAGE DISPOSAL
METHODES
LAYOUT OF SEWAGE COLLECTED MANUALLY AND DISPOSED AT THE NEAREST PLANT
18. SANITATION SEWERAGE
PROBLEMS/CHALLENGES
1). INFRASTRUCTURE PROBLEMS
Aged infrastructure, which makes them beyond useful
lifetime.
Pipeline networks degrade with age, they become weak and
readily burst whilst still in service. Most of the network in
Zambia was constructed in the early 1950s and little to no
rehabilitaions have been done to fix the problem of aged
pipelines.
19. SANITATION SEWERAGE
PROBLEMS/CHALLENGES
2). UNPLANNED SETTLEMENTS
Peri-Urban areas are the biggest
challenge. They are disorderly developped
mainly due to rapid increase in population.
• These unplanned settlements result to;
1. Demand being higher than services
Provided.
2. Overloaded sewage treatment plants.
• Corresponding to the sewerage services
in the city, unplanned settlements have posed
as a challenge to the sanitation of the city . In cases where an effort has been made to make sewer
connections to an existing system,volumetric overloading of a particular network occurs because extra
loads had not been catered for when the network and treatment plants were being designed.
20. SANITATION SEWERAGE
PROBLEMS/CHALLENGES
3). SURCHARGING OF SEWER LINES
This is caused by the sanitary system
being separative making waste water
collection independent from rainwater
collection which in most parts of the city is
Non fonctional or absent.
During the rainy season alot of run off, along
with silt finds its way into the sewer system
which causes surcharghing of the pipeline as
they get flooded.
The sewer system then stops functioning and
collection of the sewage is impaired creating then very unsanitary conditions as run offs
mixes with the sewage thereby exposing residents to health hazards.
21. SANITATION SEWERAGE
PROBLEMS/CHALLENGES
4). GEOGRAPHICAL FORMATIONS
Many of the new unplanned residential areas that have
sprung up in the city are in places which have a rocky
Geological formation such as Karstic,Dolomite and
Limestone.
This condition does not favour the use of sewer lines or
Septic tanks.
22. SANITATION SEWERAGE
PROBLEMS/CHALLENGES
5). RISKING THE CONTAMINATION OF UNDERGROUND
WATER
Areas where pit-latrines are used tend to
have high rates of groundwater use .
Studies have associated pit-latrine use with
The transport of fecal coliforms and chemicals
Through soil and into local water sources.
28. CONCLUSION
The disposal of the sewer waste is a day to day problem that many
human settlements, whether villages, town and cities are faced
with. unless the disposal of such is adequately handled, it can pose
very serious dangers to both human and animal life and the
environment at large.
