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Surface marking radiology abdomen
- 1. Surface Marking & Radiology of Abdomen Dr. Mushfiqul Hoque Lecturer Dhaka National Medical College
- 2. Topics for surface marking • Transpyloric plane • Fundus of the Gall Bladdder • Stomach • Cardiac orifice • Lesser curvature • Greater curvature • Pyloric orifice • Duodenum: all • root of the mesentery • Liver: all borders • kidney from back • spleen
- 3. Transpyloric Plane • Midway between jugular notch and symphysis pubis • Midway between xiphisternal joint and the umbilicus • Joining the tips of the both 9th costal cartilages • At the lower border of first lumbar spine
- 4. Transpyloric Plane Important Structures at the level of transpyloric plane: • Pyloric end of the stomach • Fundus of gall bladder • Origin of the superior mesenteric artery • hila of the both kidneys • Lower end of the spinal cord
- 5. Stomach Cardiac orifice: • Point on the left seventh costal cartilage 2.5cm from the median plane and draw 2 lines parallel and 2cm apart going downward and towards the left Lesser curvature • J shaped line extending from the right margin of the cardiac orifice to the upper margin of the pyloric orifice Greater curvature: • Point on left 5th intercostal space slightly below and medial to left nipple • A point at the junction of the tips of 9th and 10th costal cartilages • Then a continuous curved line is drawn from cardiac orifice to the pyloric orifice • Pyloric orifice: a point on the transpyloric line 1.2 cm to the right of median plane. Then draw 2 short parallel lines from here going upwards and to the right
- 6. Liver Upper border: • Point slightly below the right nipple • A point at xiphisternal joint • Point slightly below and to the left of left nipple, join these three points by a convexo-concavo-convex line Lower border: • Point 1cm below the right tenth costal cartilage • Point opposite to the tip of the 9th costal cartilage • Point on the midline of the transpyloric plane • Last point of upper border
- 7. Radiology
- 8. Types of X-ray • Plane • Contrast Types of view • Anterior-Posterior • Posterior-anterior • Lateral • Oblique
- 9. Reading X-ray (what points must be described) • Plane or contrast • Which region • which side (if applicable) • Which view • Showing which structure (main structure in the middle must be mentioned first • Other structures that can be seen in the x-ray
- 10. Reading X-ray (etiquettes) • Use proper English grammar since the medical study is in English • Do not use fingers to point at the Xray • Point to the structure correctly when you are describing or mentioning it • Identify the correct side of the Xray by reading the writings on the film • If "L" is written on the film, the Xray is of left side, if "R" is written the Xray is of right side
- 11. Place X-ray of abdomen • This is the plane Xray of abdomen, Anterior-Posterior view showing lumbar vertebrae, gaseous shadows in the small and large intestines, sacrum, both hip bones, head and neck of the both femurs and lower 3 ribs.
- 12. KUB Region • This is the plane Xray of Kidney- Ureter-bladder Region, Anterior-Posterior view showing lumbar vertebrae, gaseous shadows in the small and large intestines, sacrum, both hip bones, head and neck of the both femurs and lower 3 ribs.
- 13. Pelvis • This is the plane Xray of the pelvic region anterior- posterior view showing the bony pelvis including the both hip bones and the sacrum in the middle with the hip joint and the upper part of both femurs