Slides of Lecture 1 in ELC307 Systems course

1. Dynamic Systems
Ahmed A Ismail
ahmed.a.ismail@se.com
aaismail@yahoo.com
Cairo University

2. 2
■ The feedback loop
■ What is control systems engineering?
■ This course
Outline

3. The Feedback Loop

4. Flow Process
4

5. 5
Feedback Loop Example 1
Load
upset

6. The Feedback Loop
6

7. 7
The Feedback Loop
Manipulated
variable
measure, decide, actuate
Controller
Final control
element
Process
Sensor &
Transmitte
r
Process
variableSetpoint
Load upsets

8. Feedback Loop Example 2

9. 9
Feedback Loop Example 3

10. Feedback Loop Example 4

11. Feedback Loop Example 5
■ Automatic controllers generally have provisions for "manual mode"
Setpoint
Fluid
flow
Fluid
temperature
Steam
flow

12. A Practical Scenario
Actual generation
Generation SPActual generation
Generation SP
Boiler controller output to combustion
PressurePressure SP
Turbine controller output to governor

13. How Do You Fit in?
13

14. Controller Faceplate
■ Provides dynamic information and operation interface

15. The Magic of Feedback
■ Feedback is an enabling technology used in radios,
CD players, robots, process industries, and many
other applications
■ Feedback has some amazing properties, it can:
■ Make process variable follow setpoint changes
■ Make a loop less sensitive to load changes and process
variations
■ Make better loops from poor components
■ The major drawbacks are that:
■ Feedback increases time-variability, and can even cause
hunting
■ Sensor noise is fed into the loop

16. 16
Basic Concepts
■ Process
■ Feedback loop
■ Manual vs. automatic
■ ON/OFF vs. analog
■ Setpoint change vs. load upset

17. What Is Control System
Engineering?

18. Cutting Across Boundaries
18
Control
systems
engineering
Mathematics
Electrical
engineering
Computer
engineering
Chemical
engineering
Mechanical
engineering

19. 19
Why Do Manufacturers Control
Their Processes?

20. This Course

21. 21
Dynamic Systems
■ The feedback loop
■ Process characteristics
■ What does process modelling teach us?
■ Dynamic behavior of first-order, integrating and
second-order processes
■ Block diagram reduction techniques
■ Stability

22. 22
Textbook
■ Control systems engineering
Norman Nise

23. Lab 25
Getting Familiar
■ Real learning requires doing, not listening, or observing only

24. The Difference
Is Know-How
■ Control loop foundation – section 9.2
■ Control systems engineering – sections 2.1 🡪 2.3
■ Why learn control theory
https://youtu.be/oBc_BHxw78s
■ Control system introduction (till 14:20)
https://youtu.be/NPolBQ1ucDs
■ Closed loop system
https://youtu.be/bEnRRI7XXRs
■ Introduction to the Laplace transform
https://youtu.be/sZ2qulI6GEk
24