2. CONTENTS
Introduction
Definition of automation
Types of Automation
Control system
Plc
Programming of plc
Advantages and disadvantages of plc
SCADA
Features of SCADA
Automation technology
Application
3. INTRODUCTION
Automation is encompassing virtually every
walk of life.
Automation solutions are required right from
agricultural to space technology.
Plant Automation is the necessity for the
manufacturing industry to survive in
today’s globally competitive market
4. Automation is basically the delegation of human
control function to technical equipment for:
Increasing Productivity
Increasing Quality
Reducing Cost
Increasing Safety in working conditions
7. INDUSTRIAL AUTOMATION
The use of Computerized or robotic devices to
complete manufacturing task.
PLANT
FIELD
INSTRUME
NT
CONTROL SYSTEM
HARDWARE
CONTROL
SOFTWARE
CONTROL
9. PLC
A PLC (Programmable Logic Controllers) is an industrial
computer used to monitor inputs, and depending upon
their state make decisions based on its program or logic,
to control (turn on/off) its outputs to automate a
machine or a process.
11. MAJOR COMPONENT OF PLC
PROCESSOR
POWER
SUPPLY
I M
N O
P D
U U
T L
E
O M
U O
T D
P U
U L
T E
PROGRAMMING
DEVICE
From
SENSORS
Pushbuttons,
contacts,
limit switches,
etc.
To
OUTPUT
Solenoids,
contactors,
alarms
etc.
12. Programming language in plc
Ladder Logic ( LAD/LD )
Structured Text ( ST)
Instruction List ( IL )
Sequential Function Chart ( SFC )
Function Block Diagram ( FBD )
21. Reliability.
Flexibility in programming and reprogramming.
Cost effective for controlling complex systems.
Small physical size, shorter project time.
High speed of operation.
Ability to communicate with computer systems in the
plant.
Ease of maintenance /troubleshooting.
Reduced space.
Energy saving.
22. DISADVANTAGES OF PLCS
PLC devices are proprietary it means that part or
software of one manufacturer can’t be used in
combination with parts of another manufacturer.
Limited design and cost option
Fixed Circuit Operations.
PLCs manufacturers offer only closed architectures.
23. Wherever automation is desired the PLCs are best
suited to meet the task.
Few examples of industries where PLCs are used :
1) Robots manufacturing and control
2) Car park control
3) Train control station system
4) Food processing
5) Materials handling
6)Machine tools
7)Conveyer system etc.
24. SCADA
Stands for Supervisory Control & Data Acquisition
Software.
Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition System
refers to a system that enables an electric utility
to monitor, coordinate, control and operate
distribution components and devices in a real-time
mode from remote locations with acquisition of data
for analysis and planning, from one central location
25. FEATURES OF SCADA
Dynamic process graphic
Real-time and Historical trending
Alarms
Recipe Management
Security
Device connectivity
Script for logic development
Database connectivity
30. DISADVANTAGES
The main disadvantages of automation are:
Technology limits: Current technology is unable to automate
all the desired tasks.
Unpredictable development costs:The research and
development cost of automating a process is difficult to
predict accurately beforehand. Since this cost can have a
large impact on profitability, it's possible to finish
automating a process only to discover that there's no
economic advantage in doing so.
Initial costs are relatively high: The automation of a new
product required a huge initial investment in comparison
with the unit cost of the product, although the cost of
automation is spread in many product batches