Pests of cereals Pakistan Wheat Aphid Wheat Armyworm Wheat stem fly

2. Common Name Scientific name Family Order
Wheat Aphid
Macrosiphum
miscanthi
Aphididae Homoptera
Armyworm Mythimna sepatate Noctuidae Lepidoptera
Wheat weevil Tanymecus indicus Curculionidae Coleoptera
Wheat Stem Fly
Atherigona
soccata
Muscidae Diptera

4.  Host:
 Wheat
 Barley
 Oats etc

5. ADULT
 Adults are green
 Shinning red eyes
 reduced cornicles
 Louse like
 Winged form appears in
summer only.

6. Nymph
 Small
 Wingless
 Resemble the adults in
form and coloration
except that they are
smaller.

7. LIFE HISTORY:
 Active Period : December– March
 Inactive period : April-November

8.  Females give birth to young ones
 Capable of reproducing without mating
 On the onset of summer when wheat is ripe,
winged males and females forms are
produced and they migrate to other plants
including wild grasses.

9. DAMAGE
 Both nymph and adults suck the cell sap from
the tender leaves and ears, resulting in
lowering of plant vigor and grain formation
 Secrete honey dew and resulting in the
formation of sooty mold.

12. CONTROL
 Non Chemical Control:
◦ Rope dragging over infested wheat crop is
recommended to reduce its attack.
◦ Ladybird beetle, Coccinella septempunctata and
Braconid parasitoid are common and most effective
biocontrol agent of this pest.
 Chemical Control
◦ No Chemical whatsoever is recommended for the
control of this pest on wheat in order to conserve
natural ecosystem in the fields. However spraying of
water with pressure is also recommended to reduce its
infestation.

16. Braconid parasitoid

18.  Hosts:
 Wheat,
 sugarcane
 maize
 Bajra
 other graminaceous crops

19. ADULT
 Pale brown

20. EGGS
 Round
 Light green when
freshly laid and turn
pale yellow and finally
black.
 Mostly in
clusters/masses

21. Larvae
 Young larvae are very
active
 They are dull white
initially and turn green
later.
 Have 5-6 larval instars

22. Pupa

23. Life Cycle
1-9
days
4- 11
days
13-14 days
9 -13 days

24. LIFE HISTORY:
 Active Period : February to
November
 Inactive period : December and
January
 No. of generations : 8-9 generations

25. DAMAGE:
 Newly emerged larva spin threads with which
they suspend in the air and reach from one
plant to another plant due to wind
 In early stages larvae feed on tender leaves in
central whorl of the plant and in later stages
they feed on older leaves.

26. DAMAGE:
 Larvae usually feed at night from leaf edges
towards midrib in a fashion goats have grazed
the field
 They eat voraciously and migrate from one
field to another

30. CONTROL:
 Non Chemical Control:
◦ Collection and destruction of the caterpillars can
reduce its population.
 Chemical Control
◦ WHAT YOU THINK?

32. Common Name Scientific name Family Order
Maize stem borer Chilo partelus Pyralidae Lepidoptera
Maize Jassid Zygina manbiensis Cicadellidae Homoptera
Maize Shoot fly
Atherigona
soccata
Muscidae Diptera

34.  Host:
 Maize
 Sorghum

35. ADULT
 Yellowish appearance,
 Hind wings bluish

36. Nymph
 Small
 Wingless
 Resemble the adults in
form and coloration
except that they are
smaller.

37. Life Cycle

38. LIFE HISTORY:
 Active Period : March to October
 Inactive period : November - February
 No. of generations : 6-7

39. DAMAGE
 Both nymph and adults suck the cell sap from
the tender leaves and ears, resulting in
lowering of plant vigor and grain formation
 Secrete honey dew and resulting in the
formation of sooty mold
 Their feeding leaves behind white streaks on
the affected leaves

40. CONTROL
 Non Chemical Control:
◦ Use of resistant varieties, usually which have hairs
◦ Green lace wings is a good predator of jassid
 Chemical Control
◦ Triazophos (Hostathion 40 EC) 600 ml/acre
◦ Carbosulfon (Advantage 25 ST) 40 g/kg of seed

42.  Host: Maize, Sorghum, Sugar cane, Bajra,
Sudan grass, sarkanda

43. ADULT
 Moths are yellowish
grey
 Fore wings are straw
colored with a double
row of black spots near
the outer margin
 Hind wings are smoky.

44. EGGS
 Freshly laid eggs are
whitish, later change to
orange yellow and
become dark before
hatching
 These are flat, oval and
scale like in shape
 Laid in clusters.

45. Larvae
 Dirty grayish white,
with black head and
four longitudinal
stripes present on the
back of full grown
larvae.
 Have 5-6 larval instars

46. Pupa
 Cylindrical, brownish
yellow
 later turn to reddish
brown.

47. Life Cycle
2-12
days
4- 5
days
14-28 days
5-10 days

48. LIFE HISTORY:
 Active Period : March – April
 September – October
 Inactive period : November – February, it
hibernate as full grown
larvae
 No. of generations : 5-6 generations

49. DAMAGE:
 Newly emerged larvae feed on the young
leaves, later on the larvae bore their way
downward through the central whorl, reaching
the growing point of plant
 It also tunnels in the stem
 It kills the central shoot and infested plants
show the symptoms of Dead heart

50. DAMAGE:
 At tasselling stage, borers destroy the tassels
by feeding on them.
 At ear formation, the pest enters the ear from
its base and makes the tunnel in the center of
the cob, and later feed on grains as well.

52. CONTROL:
 Non Chemical Control:
◦ Destroy the stubbles of maize and sorghum,
weeds and alternate host plants.
◦ Removal and destruction of dead hearts
◦ Ploughing up of infested field.
◦ Use of light traps to kill moths
◦ Egg parastoids: Trichogramma sp
 Chemical Control
◦ Deltamethrin (Decis 2.5 EC) 200 ml/acre
◦ Triazophos (Hostathion 40 EC) 600 ml/acre