Experience and resourcesful Pharmacist with years of expertise in prescription review, medication processing and dispensing. Skilled in effectively coordinating with pharmacy staff to prioritize urgent request while ensuring accuracy, safety and maintaining patient information confidentiality. A proficient communicator, adept at collaborating closely with staff, patients, administrator and health care professionals. Currently seeking a challenging position within a progressive organization that allows me to contribute my skills toward achieving objectives while continuously developing and enhancing my professional abilities.
2. Submitted to: Ma’am
Rabia Khokhar
Group Members
Zonash Nadeem 31 M
Asma Afzal 35 M
Mahpara Tabassum 36 M
Mehwish Ramzan 38 M
3. What is glass:
Glass, an inorganic solid material that is usually transparent or translucent
as well as hard, brittle, and impervious to the natural elements.
In pharmaceutical packaging:
It is commonly used in pharmaceutical packaging because:
• It possesses protective qualities
• Elegancy
• Available in a variety of sizes and shapes.
• Provides an excellent barrier against
every element except light(amber)
Types:
The USP and NF describes various types including:
• Type 1
• Type 2
• Type 3
• Type NP
4. Composition of Glass
• Sand (SiO2)
• Soda ash (Na2CO3)
• Limestone (CaCO3)
• Cullet (broken glass mixed
with the above three)
– Fusion agent
• Cations:
– Si, Al, B, Na, K, Ca, Mg, Zn and
Ba
• Anions:
– Oxygen
• Reduction in Na ions
– makes glass chemically
resistant
• However without Na and
other alkalies
– glass is difficult and expensive
to melt
• Boron oxide
– aid in melting process
• Lead
– for clarity
• Alumina
– hardness and durability
– increase resistance to chemical
action
5.
6. Type I – Borosilicate glass
Composition: Properties Applications:
•This is a type of glass
container that
contains:
• 80% silica
•10% boric oxide
• small amount of
sodium oxide and
aluminium oxide.
•Highly resistant
•More chemically inert
•High hydrolytic resistant
due to the presence of
boric oxide.
•Parenteral
preparations.
•They can also be
used to contain
strong acids and
alkalis
Type II – Treated Soda-lime Glass
•Modified type of
Type III glass
•suitable treatment of
the inner surface with
sulfur to make glass
leachable oxides free
•Highly resistant
•Weathering resistant
•Alkali resistant
•lower melting point than Type III
•Easier to mold
•Can be sterilized before or after
filling
•Large volume container
•Most acidic and
neutral aqueous
preparations
•parenteral or
non-parenteral
preparations
7. Type III- Regular Soda Lime Glass
Composition: Properties Applications:
•The containers are untreated and
made of commercial soda-
lime glass
•75% Silica (silicon dioxide)
•15% soda (sodium oxide)
•10% lime (calcium oxide)
•small amounts of aluminum
,magnesium, and potassium oxides
•Moderately
resistant soda
lime glass
•Non-aqueous preparations
•All solid dosage
forms
•Oily injections
•Powders for parenteral use
•Non-parenteral use
Type IV- NP General Purpose Soda Lime Glass
•The USP designates a lowest or
minimum level of quality for glass
that is called type NP or simply
nonparenteral glass
•USP sets a limit for the amount of
leachable oxide from the glass, but
the limit is very high.
•(contaminate small volume
parenterals and make them
unusable)
•low hydrolytic
resistance
•Non parenteral
products
•Oral Use
(mouthwashes)
•Topical Products
(creams and lotions)
8. Advantages:
Packaging
• mainly liquid preparations
High transparency
• allows easy inspection of its
contents
Protection
• relatively impermeable to air
and moisture.
Chemically resistant
• to most medicinal products
Easily sterilized using heat
Easily labelled
Accept variety of closures
Disadvantages:
Expensive to manufacture
They are fragile and easily
broken
Relatively heavy
During heat sterilization
release silica into aq.
formulations
