Charles Babbage was considered the father of computing for inventing the Analytical Engine in 1837, which contained the core components of a general-purpose computer like an arithmetic logic unit, basic flow control, and integrated memory. The keyboard became the main input method for computers following the decline of punch cards and paper tape, using an arrangement of buttons to act as mechanical levers or switches. The mouse controls a computer screen's cursor when moved on a flat surface and reduced keyboard usage, making it an important breakthrough in computer ergonomics.