The document summarizes the Dutch energy context and policy. It notes that the Netherlands relies heavily on fossil fuels like natural gas, coal, and oil. Renewable energy makes up a small share at around 4.5% in 2013, below the country's 2020 target of 14%. The document outlines Dutch energy policy goals around increasing renewable energy and energy savings. It also discusses barriers like the country's dense population and reliance on natural gas revenues. Finally, it presents the 2013 Energy Agreement as a major integrated program agreed upon by stakeholders to help the Netherlands catch up to its renewable energy targets through concentrated efforts across various sectors.

1. www.ecn.nl
Renewable energy and the Dutch
context
Paul van den Oosterkamp
Morocco – ECN-IRESEN Workshop
Rabat, 16 November 2015

2. Content
•The Dutch Energy Context
•Energy policy in the Netherlands
•The role of energy saving
•What are the barriers ?
•Conclusions : what best practices are relevant for
the Moroccan context ?
2

3. Content
•The Dutch Energy Context
•Energy policy in the Netherlands
•The role of energy saving
•What are the barriers ?
•Conclusions : what best practices are relevant for
the Moroccan context ?
3

4. The Dutch energy context
• The Netherlands is still largely dependent on fossil fuels. It has the largest
gas share in the fuel mix of IEA countries, major coal and oil ports and
many refineries. Natural gas production has been largely constant for 30
years, but will decrease in the next decades
• The share of renewable energy in the Netherlands in final demand did rise
from 2.3% in 2005 to 4.5% in 2013, still far from the targets of 14% in 2020
and 16% in 2023.
• The Netherlands have a significant installed wind power capacity
• The Netherlands is densely populated and has modest available area for
implementation of renewable energy
• Energy intensive industries & refineries make up 12,4% of GDP
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5. The Dutch energy system
Slide 5

6. Ca. 3,400 PJ
Energy consumption Netherlands
Transport
Industry
Households
Export
Services
Agriculture
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7. Energy use in industry
Food and
drink
products
Base metal
industry
Chemical
industry
Paper
Overige
metaal
Building
materials
Other
industry
Building
industry
Total app. 1400 PJ
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8. The power mix in Europe
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
90%
100%
EU-27 NL Frankrijk Duitsland Belgie Engeland Polen
Overig
Hernieuwbaar
Gas
Kolen
Kern
Fuel Mix Electricity Production, NW Europe (2010)
(Remaining) Remaining
Renewable
Gas
Coal
Nuclear
Big regional differences
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9. Content
•The Dutch Energy Context
•Energy policy in the Netherlands
•The role of energy saving
•What are the barriers ?
•Conclusions : what best practices are relevant for
the Moroccan context ?
9

10. Beleidskader voor de
energiehuishouding
• Clean
- Air emissions , incl. CO2
- Waste products
• Secure
- Geopolital dependance
- Security of supply
• Affordable
- Competititive positon
- Genera ion of economic activity
Affordable Secure
Clean
Policy framework in the Netherlands
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11. Main principles of Dutch energy
policy
• Securing energy supply through less dependency on fossil fuels and
gradual change to renewable sources
• A balanced mix of energy sources
• In the longer term: a sustainable energy supply
• Framed in the European Energy policy context
• Energy Agreement
• 14% RES in 2020 and 16% in 2023
• 1,5% savings/year in final energy savings per year
• 15.000 Full time jobs
• In 2030 a top-10 position in mondiale Clean Tech Ranking
• EU 2030: 40% reduction CO2 and 27% RES (for EU in total)
• CO2 emission reduction in 2050 : 80 - 95%
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12. Dutch energy policy targets
• Renewable energy target 2020: 14 % (currently 4.5 %)
• 20 % more energy savings (industry, buildings)
• Very much in line with European Energy policy (RES Directive, Energy
Efficiency Directive)
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13. Content
•The Dutch Energy Context
•Energy policy in the Netherlands
•The role of energy saving
•What are the barriers ?
•Conclusions : what best practices are relevant for
the Moroccan context ?
13

14. The multiple benefits of Energy
Efficiency/Energy savings
14Source : IEA
Energy Efficiency,
the silent fuel

15. Why savings: also important in the
long run
15
IEA 2008
36 % realized by
efficient supply
and savings in
end-use

16. Content
•The Dutch Energy Context
•Energy policy in the Netherlands
•The role of energy saving
•What are the barriers ?
•Conclusions : what best practices are relevant for
the Moroccan context ?
16

17. Barriers in NL
•Densely populated
•Small area
•Netherlands is ‘Gas’ country, providing > 10
bio€/yr. to Finance ministry
• Uncertainty in energy policy framework
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18. Content
•The Dutch Energy Context
•Energy policy in the Netherlands
•The role of energy saving
•What are the barriers ?
•Conclusions : what best practices are relevant for
the Moroccan context ?
18

19. Best practice Netherlands
• Involve relevant stakeholders to get commitment
• Inititate national program covering whole value chain from
R&D to implementation
• Call for long-term vision and consistency in policy
• Ensure stable energy policy framework
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20. What happened in 2013
• Stagnation in Dutch energy transition policy
• Call for more long-term vision and consistency in policy
• 8-month negotiation process within the Socio-Economic Council, between
– Employers’ federations
– Trade unions
– Government representatives
– Environmental NGO’s
– In total, 45 stakeholder groups
• ECN, PBL, EIB for:
– Independent impact assessment
– Substantive support to the negotiations
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21. What is the Energy Agreement ?
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10 pillars of focus :

22. Anchoring committee
• Dashboard launched
• Newsletter
• Progress reports/monitoring
per year
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23. Key ambitions:
• Additional energy efficiency improvement: 100 PJ by 2020
– Large part still not instrumented
• Renewables: 14% by 2020, 16% by 2023
– Today: ~4%
• 15.000 net additional jobs in the short term
• And:
– Improve Cleantech position NL
– Improve competitieve position of industry
– Create new investments
– Reduce financial burden for citizens and companies
– Create opportunities for bottom-up initiatives
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24. Conlusions
• The Netherlands lags behind in Europe in targets
renewable energy
• But initiated a large integrated program (Energy
Agreement) to catch up
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25. Thank you for your attention
ECN
Westerduinweg 3 P.O. Box 1
1755 LE Petten 1755 ZG Petten
The Netherlands The Netherlands
T +31 88 515 49 49 info@ecn.nl
F +31 88 515 44 80 www.ecn.nl
Paul van den Oosterkamp,
vandenoosterkamp@ecn.nl
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