Workshop on Instigators and Barriers to Renewable Energy Development and Deployment - 16 November 2015 Mr. Martin SPATH ECN Local Manufacturing & Production Aspects for Solar Cells & Modules

1. www.ecn.nl
Local Manufacturing & Production Aspects
for Solar Cells & Modules
Iresen ECN Workshop, Rabat
November 16, 2015
Martin Späth

2. www.ecn.nl
From Silk Road to Silicon Solar Road

3. Contents
• Introduction
– Installed Solar Capacity Sun belt
• Private Sector PV Manufacturing
– Qatar Solar Energy
– Mission Solar USA
– Yingli Solar China
• Solar Academy
– Technology Transfer & Capacity Building
• Manufacturing Aspects High Efficency Solar Cells & Modules
– Dutch Solar Alliance

4. Global market outlook for PV
4
2014: 182 GW world total

5. Market trends: Solar belt
Europe
91GWUSA
16GW
China
28GW
Japan
22GW
2014: Outside the Solar belt  157 GW
installed
2014: Inside the Solar belt  25 GW
installed

6. Private Sector PV Manufacturing

7. ECN n-type technology roadmap
7
Cell and
Interconnection
technology
in mass production
efficiency,
module
power
n-Pasha
n-MWT
n-IBC
Conductive
back-sheet foil
interconnection
Rear patterning IBC Major
innovation
steps
factory-ready under development
Mercury architecture

8. n-PASHA cell technology
8
n-type Cz
p+ emitter
n+ BSF
• Emitter & BSF co-diffusion
• Both sides SiNx passivation
and ARC
• H-patterned front and rear
metallization
• Symmetric, bifacial solar cell,
suitable for very thin wafers
• Enables bifacial modules

9. Bi-facial modules (n-Pasha) glass/glass
• Cell same on front and back
– Light collected on both sides
• Module of 2m x 1m
– Output with rear side covered: 345 W
– Output with white reflector behind module: 395 W
• Annual energy output dependent on
– orientation of module
– Type of surface reflectivety
– Can be up to 30% more
9

10. ECN Solar cells & modules:
From lab to fab & field in 1 year
10

11. n- type technology transfer history
Production proven technology…
Mission Solar Energy
Qatar

12. Integrated cell and module
architecture: n-MWT cell
Base: p Base: p
n+
Base: p
n+
Base: p
n+ n+
emitter
rear Al
ARC
MWT Ag
Front Rear
Status: Industrial process
Avg : 20.8% with best cell eff. of 21%

13. Production of novell solar cells & modules
13

14. Solar Academy

15. Solar Academy
• ECN Solar Energy has broad experience on training PV employees
• These have been executed as the Solar Academy
• Aim: Train starting employees of solar cell and module manufacturing
companies
– Managers
– Operators
– R&D employees
– Installers
15

16. Solar Academy courses
• Solar cell manufacturing and quality control
– PV Overview
– Operation of solar cells
– Solar cell production processes + characterisation per step
– Cleaning, diffusion, wet-chemical etching, SiN deposition and
metallisation
– Practical run on ECN solar cell pilot line
– Plus characterisation at cell level
• PV modules: manufacturing and liftime aspects
• Solar Industry for managers
• Installation aspects
• Followed by ECN technology transfer on location
16

17. Manufacturing Aspects High Efficency Solar
Cells & Modules

18. DUTCH SOLAR ALLIANCE
GLOBAL EXPERTISE ACCELERATING LOCAL KNOWLEDGE AND DELIVERY

19. Process flow
Strategy
Process & Technology
Building, Utilities & Infrastructure
Project management & Consultancy
Education & Knowledge transfer
Financial Consultancy

20. Strategy
What are your ambitions?
What is your value proposition?
Who is your client?
Which resources are required?
How do you react on future developments?
Together, we roadmap your future!

21. Strategy
Two layer set-up
 Smaller foot print
 Less piping
 High safety level
Modular set-up
 Fast-track
 Cost-effective
 Flexibility / adaptability

22. Strategy
Factory designed
for over 100MWp till …GWp
 Feasibility / masterplan
 Local vs. Central Utility concepts
(or combination)
 Chosen Technology
 Integrated or Cell or Modules
 1-layer vs 2-layers
 Phasing
Factory designed
for pilot up to 100MWp
 Feasibility / masterplan
 Brownfield vs greenfield
 Chosen Technology
 Integrated or Cell or Modules
 1-layer vs 2-layers
 Connection to existing utilities

23. Process & Technology
PERC
MWT
bifacial

24. Thank you for your attention
ECN
Westerduinweg 3 P.O. Box 1
1755 LE Petten 1755 ZG Petten
The Netherlands The Netherlands
T +31 88 515 49 49 info@ecn.nl
F +31 88 515 44 80 www.ecn.nl
Contact:
Martin Späth
SPATH@ECN.NL
24