1. Energy policy of the European
Union
Presented by: Dayana Nenova
Dobrina Zhekova
Julia Katsarova
2. Some interesting facts:
In 2007, the EU was importing 82% of its oil and 57% of
its gas. Russia, Canada, Australia, Niger and Kazakhstan
were the five largest suppliers of nuclear materials to the
EU, supplying more than 75% of the total needs in 2009
Brief Introduction
• European energy policy was approved at the meeting
of the informal European Council on 27 October 2005 at
Hampton Court.
• Prior to the Treaty of Lisbon (2007), EU energy
legislation has been based on the EU authority in the
area of the common market and environment.
3. An Energy Policy for Europe
A European Energy Policy commit the European
Union (EU) to :
• A low consumption economy.
• More secure, more competitive and more sustainable
energy.
• Ensuring the smooth functioning of the internal market in
energy.
• Security of strategic supply.
• Concrete reductions in greenhouse gas emissions caused
by the production or consumption of energy.
• EU's ability to speak with a single voice on the
international stage and develop a single energy mar-ket.
4. Development of a common energy
market ?
Unwillingness for privatization
and vertical disintegration
Lack of
interconnection
5. Arguments
+ Effective supply
+ Major impact on
climate change and
on available energy
sources
- National security
- Different
countries 'situations
6. Proposals
• In March 2006, the European
Commission issued a Green Paper
aimed at laying the foundation for a
sustainable, competitive and secure
energy market in the EU. As a
result, the first proposals, Energy
for a Changing World were
published by the European
Commission on 10 January 2007
Key proposals include:
• A cut of 20% in greenhouse gas by
2020.
• A cut of up to 95% in carbon
emissions from primary energy
sources by 2050.
• A minimum target of 10% for the
use of biofuels by 2020.
• Improving energy relations with the
EU's neighbours, including Russia.
• The development of energy
technologies .
• Developing an Africa-Europe
Energy partnership.
7. Challenges
The European Union energy policy
has three principal aims:
1. Sustainable development and
climate protection.
2. Maintaining competitiveness.
3. Ensuring security of energy
supply.
The routes to these three goals are
improving energy efficiency,
furthering the deployment of new
technology, better utilization of
renewable energy sources and a
move towards a more sustainable,
efficient and varied combination of
energy sources in order to ensure
energy security.
8. Essential to EU’s energy challenges
• Sustainability: renewable energy producers must get
good access to the transmission network to make
them competitive.
• Security of supply: if the transmission grid is
separated from the generation of electricity, more
incentives to companies to invest in new
infrastructure, inter-connection capacity.
• Competitiveness: a competitive market will cut costs
for citizens and companies and stimulate energy
efficiency and investment.
10. Current Policies
• SET plan
• EERA
• Energy Sources
• Energy Markets
• IPEEC
• Buildings
• Transport
• Flights
• Industry
• Consumer Goods
• External Energy Relations
• Research and Development
11. SET (Strategic Energy Technologies)
Plan
• Establishes energy technology policy for Europe
• A strategic plan to accelerate the development
and deployment of cost-effective low carbon
technologies
12. • Expanding and optimizing EU
energy research capabilities
Energy Sources
• Member states are expected to
meet “indicative” targets for
renewable energy production
EERA (European Energy
Research Alliance)
Energy Markets
• Improve security
of supply in the
natural gas sector
IPEEC (International Partnership
for Energy Efficiency Cooperation)
• To explore the most
effective means to promote
energy efficiency
internationally
13. Buildings
• 40% of EU energy
requirements
• Focus of several initiatives
Transport
• Cut the CO2 emissions
• Flights
• Industry
Consumer Goods
• Encourage consumers to
purchase more energy-
efficient appliances
14. External Energy Relations
• EU energy policy has included negotiating and
developing wider international agreements:
• The Energy Charter Treaty
• The Koyto Protocol
• The post-Kyoto regime and a framework agreement
on energy efficiency
• Extension of the EC energy regulatory framework or
principles to neighbors (Energy Community, Baku
Initiative, Euro- Med energy cooperation)
• The emission trading scheme to global partners; the
promotion of research
• The use of renewable energy
15. Research and development
• The European Union is also active in the areas of
energy research, development and promotion,
via initiatives such as:
• CEPHEUS (ultra-low energy housing)
• Programs under the umbrella titles of SAVE
(energy saving) ALTENER (new and renewable
energy sources), STEER (transport) and
COOPENER (developing countries)
• Through Fusion for Energy, the EU is
participating in the ITER project
16. Public opinion
• Energy issues are considered to be important but not at first glance
• EU citizens perceive great future promise in the use of renewable
energies. Despite majority opposition, nuclear energy also has its
place in the future energy mix
• Citizens appear to opt for changing the energy structure, enhancing
research and development and guaranteeing the stability of the
energy field rather than saving energy as the way to meet energy
challenges
• The possible future consequences of energy issues do not generate
deep fears in Europeans’ minds
• Europeans appear to be fairly familiar with energy issues, although
their knowledge seems somewhat vague
• Energy issues touch everybody and it is therefore hard to distinguish
clear groups with differing perceptions. Nevertheless, rough
distinction between groups of citizens is sketched
