1. CHAPTER 4
Memory
1

2. Initial Studies
Hermann Ebbinghaus – late 1800s
Pioneering research
Nonsense syllables
2

3. Models of Memory
Stages of
memory
• Encoding
• Storage
• Retrieval

4. Models of Memory
Eidetic
imagery
• Photographic
memory
• Relatively rare

5. Memory
• Recognition
• Recall
5

6. Initial Studies
Serial learning
• Learned
material is
repeated in
order
• AKA ordered
recall
Free recall
• Any order
Paired-associate
Learning
• During
recall, one
member of pair
is presented
and other is to
be recalled

7. Traditional Stage Model
of Memory
7

8. Traditional Stage Model
of Memory
Rehearsal
•Maintenance
rehearsal
•Elaborative
rehearsal
8

9. Traditional Stage Model
of Memory

10. 10

11. Flashbulb Memory
Episodic
memory
• Memory of
personal
experiences
Flashbulb
memories
• Detailed memories of
situations that are very
arousing, surprising, or
emotional
11

12. Approaches to the study of memory
Semantic
memory
Tip-of-thetongue (TOT)
phenomenon
• Storage of
general memory
• Used to investigate
the nature of
semantic memory

13. Procedural Memory
“Body memory”
13

14. Approaches to Studying Memory
Priming or
implicit
memory
• Unconscious
memory
processing
• Prior exposure to
stimuli
contaminates
recall

15. Information-Processing Model
• A parallel between the computer and human
memory.
15

16. Other Approaches
• Craik and Lockhart
Chapter 7
Memory
Schemas will
help me
remember
16

17. Memory Processes
Semantic networks

18. Serial Position Effect

19. Curve of Forgetting
19

20. Forgetting
• Proactive Interference: old material interferes new.
• Retroactive interference: new material interferes old.
20

21. Amnesia
• Retrograde amnesia
• Anterograde amnesia
21

22. •
•
•
•
•
Imagery
The method of loci
Peg-word
Acronyms
Acrostics
Mnemonics
22

23. Other stuff
• Encoding specificity
• Repressed memories
23

24. Other stuff
Meaningfulness
of material
Distribution of
study sessions
Number of
study sessions
Similarity of
items
Serial position
24

25. Other Approaches to Memory
State-depend
ent learning

26. Other Approaches to Memory
Eyewitness
reports
• May be
inaccurate
• While in
STM, possible
to add new
infot and
then reencode
modified
memory