CLASS 12 PHYSICAL EDUCATION CLASSES BY MAHENDRA RAJAK

1. PHYSICAL EDUCATION
CLASS – 12
MAHENDRA RAJAK
(TGT P&HE)
KV MAHABUBNAGAR
Physical Education
and
Sports for CWSN
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2. Key Points
 Concept of disability & disorder
 Types of disability its causes & nature Cognitive disability, intellectual disability,
physical disability
 Type of disorder (ADHD, SPD, ASD, ODD, OCD) it causes & Nature
 Disability Etiquettes
 Advantage of physical Activities for children with special needs
 Strategies to make physical activities assessable for children with special needs.
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3. Concept of Disability
 The term disability means any kind of impairment or permanent reduction in physical or mental
capacity.
 The reduction can be related to any kind of physical loss, mental illness, intellectual impairment or
reduction in the use of sense organs.
 This may be present from birth or occur during a person’s lifetime.
 This affects a person’s participation in different areas of life and reduces the full use of body structures
and functions.
Definition –
“A disability is defined as a condition or function judged to be significantly impaired relative to the usual
standard of an individual or group,”
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4. Concept of Disorder
 Disorder is any ailment that disturbs the health of a person, hinders a person’s performance and
diminishes his/her efficiency.
 Disorder grows inside a person, they are small in the beginning but may become serious and grow
into a disability.
 There are many kinds of disorders like mental disorder, neurological disorder, hyper activity disorder,
eating disorder, addiction disorder, attention disorder etc.
Definition –
“Disorder can be defined as a blip in the usual functioning of a person.”
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5. Type of Disabilities
Physical Disability -
Not able of perform the Normal human life activities due to the any physical Problem or disturbance
Cognitive Disability -
Non able to perform the Normal human life mental activities due to any mental Problem or disturbance
Intellectual Disability -
Not able to perform the normal human life mental activities and adaptative behavior skills due to any
mental Problem or disturbance.
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6. Causes of Disability 6

7. Causes of Disability cont….
1. Genetic Causes. Some disabilities are known to be inherited such as spinal muscular atrophy and
muscular dystrophy. Abnormalities in genes and genetic inheritance cause intellectual disability in
children. Sometimes diseases, illnesses and over exposure to X-rays may cause genetic disorder.
2. Poverty. Poverty is one of the major causes of disability. Generally, it is seen that poor persons are the
most vulnerable to disability because they live and work in unsafe environment with poor sanitation. They
don’t have good living conditions. They usually have little access to education, safe drinking water and
proper nutrition.
3. Mental Health Problems: Mental health problems such as depression, bipolar disorder, etc., may
lead to disability. As a matter of fact, the causes of mental health problems are very difficult to diagnose.
They tend to be some of the most misunderstood disabilities
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8. Causes of Disability cont….
4. Accidents: Now days, life is so fast that accidents may occur anywhere, anytime and to anyone. These
accidents may happen at workplace, on the roads or in the air. These accidents may lead to disability.
5. Infectious Diseases: Infectious diseases may also cause disabilities. If the immunity power of a child is low,
he is susceptible to fall sick or contact more serious illnesses. If a child is not immunized well, he becomes
vulnerable to infectious diseases like mumps, which can cause hearing impairment or polio, which can cripple
the child.
6. Disturbance in Endocrine Glands: Disturbance in endocrine glands may also lead to disability. Owing to
such disturbance, a child may suffer from various physical and mental deficiency.
7. Malnutrition: Malnutrition is another significant cause of disability, especially our country. If a child does
not get appropriate nutrition, he may be physically weak Even deficiency of calcium leads to malformation of
bones. Deficiency of iodine may diminish the growth of body. Similarly, deficiency of vitamin ‘A’ may cause
blindness, in children. Deficiency of vitamin B12 may lead to loss of memory and cause paralysis.
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9. Causes of Disability cont….
8. Poor Approach to Health Care. Many disabilities can be prevented easily, if it is proper access or
approach to health care facilities. Sometimes, good health care facilities are not available during difficult labor
and birth. It may cause a baby. To be born with a disability such as cerebral palsy.
9. Nuclear Accidents. Many persons have suffered after being exposed to radiation. Its nuclear radiations
have also been increasing in the number of children born with cognitive disabilities such as Down Syndrome.
10. Toxic Materials Pesticides Insecticides: Toxic materials like lead and mercury, etc. found in various
products, use of insecticides and pesticides, other harmful chemicals may cause disabilities in people and birth
defects in babies. As a matter of fact, such toxic materials may cause damage to brain which ultimately leads
to disabilities.
11. Illnesses: The illnesses like cancer, heart attack, diabetes, etc., cause a number of long-term disabilities.
Arthritis, back pain, musculoskeletal disorders, etc., are also significant causes of disability. Some illnesses to
pregnant woman may cause physical or learning problems to her baby when born.
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10. Causes of Disability cont….
12. Lack of Education: Lack of education may lead to disability. Generally, laborers are not educated. They fall
prey to certain diseases which can be avoided by using scientific methods or by taking precautions. But due to
ignorance they do not adopt such precautionary methods.
13. Wars. It is usually seen in wars that the most of the civilians are killed or disabled along with the soldiers.
Bomb explosions cause people to become deaf, dumb and lose their limbs.
14. Medicines and Vaccines. No doubt medicines and vaccines are essential to protect health and prevent
disability but there are a number of practitioners in the medical field who are not qualified or registered. They
don’t take proper care while dealing with patients. The use of unclean syringes may cause serious diseases like
hepatitis or HIV/AIDS. Improperly stored as well as wrong vaccines may cause allergic reactions, poisoning and
deafness to child.
15. Dangerous Working Environment. If individuals work in factories, mines or in agricultural fields under
improper working environment, they may be exposed to dangerous machinery, tools or chemicals and wide
variety of health hazards. In such conditions they may get disabilities on the long-run.
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11. Nature of Disability
A. Cognitive disability in children ranges from profound intellectual impairments with minimal functioning to
mild impairments in specific operations. Cognitive disability is an inclusive term used to describe impairment in
an individual’s mental processes that lead to the acquisition of information and knowledge, and drive how an
individual understands and acts in the world.
B. The nature of intellectual disability: is the onset of both intellectual and adaptive functioning deficits the
developmental period which refers to the span of time prior to the age 18. Children with this disorder may
evidence delayed developmental milestones, while milder levels may not become identified unite school age.
Intellectual disability is non-progressive and generally lifelong; however, concurrence with specific genetic
disorders may manifest with periods of cognitive deterioration.
C. A physical disability is any condition that permanently prevents normal body movement and/or control. In
the early years, children may have some difficulties in learning to move skillfully. This is not unusual. However, for
some children, the muscles and nerves that control body movements may not be properly formed or may
become damaged causing a physical disability. There are many different types of physical disabilities.
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12. Type of Disorder
 ADHD: (Attention Deficit Hyper activity Disorder)
 SPD: (Sensory Processing Disorder)
 ASD: (Autism Spectrum Disorder)
 OCD: (Obsessive Compulsive Disorder)
 ODD: (Oppositive Defiant Disorder)
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13. ADHD (Attention Deficit Hyper activity Disorder)
Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder is a group of behavioral symptoms that include in attentions
hyperactivity & impulsiveness.
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14. SPD: (Sensory Processing Disorder)
It is a condition is which the brain has difficulty in reacting & responding to information that can as in through
the sense’s organs
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15. ASD: (Autism Spectrum Disorder)
It is a neurological and developmental disorder in which have difficulty with communication, language,
social skill and behavior
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16. OCD: (Obsessive Compulsive Disorder)
This is a mental disorder that causes repeated unwanted thoughts.
Symptoms of OCD
Obsessive Thoughts
 Fearing of contamination by germs
 Excessive Focus on religious Activities
 Fearing of losing the things
 Superstitious
Compulsive Behaviors
 Dabble Checking of Things
 Repeatedly checking of safety of love ones
 Repeating of certain words
 Spending a lot of time in washing & cleaning
 Ordering or arranging Things
 Preying excessively
 Accumulating Junk
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17. ODD: (Oppositive Defiant Disorder)
The nature of this disorder is related to social behaviours. This behaviour disorder usually takes place in
early teens.
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18. Nature of Disorder:
 Impairment in social Interaction and developmental language and communication skills,
 Disorder usually concerned with Nervous system,
 Behavioral Problems,
 Limits to perform activities
 Not Permanent,
 Mostly gain by birth.
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19. Disability Etiquettes
 Disability etiquettes is a set of guidelines to deal with the people facing physical or mental disabilities.
 It was started as a clinical play on existing rule sheets, written for non-disabled audiences that were seen
as demeaning by civil rights activists in 1970s.
 The term serves to communicate people with disabilities more respectfully in all types of situations.
 It refers to educate people regarding disabilities.
 It involves treating people with disabilities with respect and care, and try to bring them into a normal
life.
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20. Disability Etiquettes in General
 Always respect the dignity of a disabled person, individuality and desire for independence.
 Treat a person with disability in the same manner and with the same respect and courtesy as with
others.
 Speak directly to the person rather than through the friend, attendant or sign-language interpreter
who may also be present.
 Never speak about the person as if they are invisible, can’t understand what is being said. .
 Don’t put people with a disability on a pedestal or talk to them in demeaning terms.
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21. Disability Etiquette Guidelines
Persons with Speech Difficulties
 Give attention to the person who has difficulty in speaking.
 Keep manner to encourage rather than correcting.
 Give extra time for the conversation and be patient.
 If you have difficulty in understanding, don’t pretend that you do. Repeat as much as you do understand.
Person with Hearing Loss
 Get the person’s attention with a wave of the hand, or a tap on the shoulder.
 Speak clearly and slowly, but without exaggerating your lip movements or shouting.
 Many persons with hearing loss read lips. Place yourself facing the light source and keep hands,
 cigarettes and food away from your mouth when talking in order to provide a clear view of your face.
 When an interpreter accompanies a person, direct your remarks to the person rather than to the interpreter.
 Look directly at the person and speak expressively.
 Use sign language if you and the person are both familiar with it.
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22. Disability Etiquette Guidelines
Persons with Vision Loss
 When enter the room, indicate who is there. Let the person know when leaving the room.
 When talking to a person with a visual impairment, begin to identifying yourself by name and that you are
speaking to them.
 When offering your assistance, do not grab the person’s cane or arm.
 If you are walking with a person who is blind, offer your arm for him/her to hold.
 Walk at the norma! pace. It is helpful to speak casually and naturally about the environment, objects and buildings
you are passing as you walk.
 Not all visually impaired people read Braille. Ask the person what alternative format they prefer.
Persons with Cognitive / Language Impairments
 Use a calm voice and be comfortable. Use simple and short sentences.
 Do not argue with the person.
 Treat each person as an individual with talents and abilities deserving of respect and dignity.
 Give extra time for the person to process what: you are saying and to respond. Look for signs of stress and/or
confusion:
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23. Advantage of Physical Activity for Children with
Special Needs 23

24. Strategies to Make Physical Activities Accessible
for Children with Special Need
 Inclusive Classrooms It means development of education laws in such a way that children with special
needs get education within the normal classrooms along with other children so that they are well
accepted in society.
 Assistive Technology It refers to creating devices, tools or equipments that help children with special
needs to participate in learning activities like bigger balls, balls with bells, balls attached to strings to
bring it back to the students etc.
 Adaptive Physical Education Depending on student’s disability, a separate, adaptive class or
modifications within a game, changing the rules of the game or sport to some extent can help the
students in a big way.
 Creating Specific Environment Students with special needs can be provided with specific play area
with special requirements as needed by them. Loud music, glaring lights often cannot be tolerated by
these children, so a lot of natural lighting should be there.
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25. Strategies to Make Physical Activities Accessible for
Children with Special Need
 Positive Behavior In physical education classes, teachers should show positive behaviour and healthy
interactions and prevent negative behaviours. The method is to “Prevent, Teach, Reinforce”. This means class
material taught through positive interactions, lesson reinforced by referring back to behavioral expectations
and evaluating progress.
 Focus on Creative Games Instead of competitive games and physical activities, the strategy is to develop
creative games. This helps in team building and cooperation and prevents unnecessary competition and
boosts the confidence of these children.
 Accommodations and Modification Since the individual needs of the children with special needs are
different^ it is essential for . the teachers to modify the teaching strategies in order to accommodate the
children with disabilities. Therefore constant modification and accommodation is required.
 Professional Courses Developing more professional courses and teacher certification programs for teaching
physical education to children with special needs is essential to popularise the adaptive physical education
programme.
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26. Thanku
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