POLYMERS (Plastics, Rubbers and Adhesives) CERAMICS AND COMPOSITES

1. NON METALLIC
MATERIALS -
POLYMERS (Plastics, Rubbers and Adhesives)
CERAMICS AND COMPOSITES

2. INTRODUCTION - polymers
• Polymers are widely used in number of
applications ---- including
• toys,
• home appliances,
• structural and decorative items,
• coatings, paints, adhesives,
• automobile tyres
• Foams and packings

3. Meaning
• POLYMER
• POLY – MULTI
• MER – PARTS or UNITS
• Its contain large number of repeating units of
small molecules called Monomers

4. Large size molecule

5. .

6. .

7. POLYMERISATION
• Its reaction of joining of small molecules to
form molecule having higher weight called
polymer.
• Types of Polymers:
– Natural polymers
– Other Natural polymers

8. Terminology used in polymers
• 1.MONOMER

9. TERMINOLOGY
• 2. POLYMER
• It is a macro molecule formed by repeated
linking of many monomers

10. • 3. POLYMERIZATION
It’s a process of forming a polymer
TERMINOLOGY

11. • 4. HOMOPOLYMER
Homopolymers - consist of chains with identical
bonding linkages to each monomer unit. This
usually implies that the polymer is made from all
identical monomer molecules.
These may be represented as : -[A-A-A-A-A-A]-
TERMINOLOGY

12. • 5. COPOLYMER
Copolymers - consist of chains with two or
more linkages usually implying two or more
different types of monomer units.
These may be represented as : -[A-B-A-B-
A-B]-
TERMINOLOGY

13. • 6. Degree of polymerization
molecular weight of a polymer
= ---------------------------------------------------
---
molecular weight of a single monomer
TERMINOLOGY

14. • 7. HIGH POLYMER
Solid polymer which have very high
molecular weights ( 10000 to 1000000
g/mol)
TERMINOLOGY

15. • 8. OLIGO POLYMER
They are liquid / gas polymers with very
short chains ( having the molecular weight on
the order of 100 g/mol)
TERMINOLOGY

16. TYPES OF HOMO POLYMERS
9) LINEAR POLYMER
Here the mer(parts) units are joined to
end to end in single chain.
TERMINOLOGY

17. 10) BRANCHED POLYMERS
• Here the side branch chains are connected to
the main chain
TERMINOLOGY

18. • 11) CROSS – LINKED POLYMERS:
Here the adjacent linear chains are joined
one to another at various positions by
covalant bond
TERMINOLOGY

19. • 12) NETWORK POLYMERS
– It has three active covalent bonds (trifunctional
mer units) which form these dimensional
networks instead of the linear chain frame work
TERMINOLOGY

20. Types of copolymers
• 13. RANDOM COPOLYMERS
• Here 2 different units are randomly
dispersed along a chain
TERMINOLOGY

21. 14. ALTERNATING COPOLYMER
• The 2 mer units placed alternatively in a chain.
TERMINOLOGY

22. 15).BLOCK COPOLYMER
• Identical mers are clustered in blocks along the
chain.
TERMINOLOGY

23. 16).GRAFT COPOLYMER
• In this , homopolymer side branches of one
type may be grafted(side branch) to
homopolymer main chains that are composed
of a different mer.
TERMINOLOGY

24. • 17) Isomerism:
–Different atomic configuration are possible
for the same configuration.
– EX: C4H10
TERMINOLOGY

25. POLYMERIZATION
• Polymerization may be defined as the process of growing
large molecules from small ones. Polymerization links
together monomers.
• Monomers are molecules which combined end to end to
form large molecules known as polymer. They are three
general methods (or) mechanism of polymerization.
• Addition of polymerization
• Condensation of polymerization

26. ADDITION POLYMERISATION
• Definition: It is known as chain reaction
polymerisation.
–Two or more chemically similar monomers are
polymerized to form a long chain molecules.
–Double covalent bonds are broken in to single
bonds.
• Three Stages Of Addition Polymerisation:
–Initiation
–Propagation
–Termination.

27. Initiation

28. Propagation

29. Termination.

30. CONDENSATION POLYMERISATION
• It is otherwise called as STEP-GROWTH
POLYMERISATION
• It involve at least TWO DIFFERENT
MONOMERS.
• It gives some by product.