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1. Gender, Disability and Rehabilitation
Edenburgh International College
Mohan Bastola
BPH 5th Sem

2. Introduction:
Impairment:
• Any temporary or permanent loss or abnormality of a body structure
or function, whether physiological or psychological.
• An impairment is a disturbance affecting functions that are
essentially mental (memory, consciousness) or sensory, internal
organs (heart, kidney), the head, the trunk or the limbs.
Disability= Functional limitation x Environment
• Disabilities is an umbrella term, covering impairments, activity
limitations, and participation restrictions.

3. Disability:
• A restriction or inability to perform an activity in the manner or within
the range considered normal for a human being, mostly resulting
from impairment.
• Disability is thus not just a health problem
• It is a complex phenomenon, reflecting the interaction between
features of a person’s body and features of the society in which he or
she lives.
• Disability, which affects 15% of the world’s population – is more
common among women than men (WHO, 2016).

4. Factors leading to disability in relation to
gender:
• Gender refers to the socially constructed roles, behaviour, activities
and attributes that a given society considers appropriate for men and
women (WHO).
• The 2011 World Report on Disability indicates that female disability
prevalence rate is 19.2 per cent whereas it is 12 per cent for men.
• The numbers of disabled women are higher than those of disabled
men this is due to neglect in health care, poor workforce conditions,
and/or gender-based violence.

5. Contd…
• Women with disabilities and men with disabilities have different life
experiences due to biological, psychological, economic, social, political and
cultural attributes associated with being female and male.
• Male are more prone to accidents and head injury and this leads to disability.
• Arthritis/Osteoporosis is the leading cause of disability mostly affect women.
• The global literacy rate is as low as three per cent for all adults with disabilities,
and one per cent for women with disabilities.
• Although all persons with disabilities face barriers to employment, men with
disabilities have been found to be almost twice as likely to be employed as
women with disabilities.

6. Concepts of Rehabilitation including
community based rehabilitation:
• Rehabilitation: The action of restoring someone to health or normal
life through training and therapy after imprisonment, addiction, or
illness.
• Community Based Rehabilitation: (CBR) was initiated by WHO
following the Declaration of Alma-Ata in 1978 in an effort to enhance
the quality of life for people with disabilities and their families, meet
their basic needs and to ensure their inclusion and participation.
• CBR is now a multisectoral approach working to improve the
equalization of opportunities and social inclusion of people with
disabilities while combating the perpetual cycle of poverty and
disability.

7. The key activities of the CBR programme
include:
• training family and community members on disability,
• providing educational assistance and facilitating inclusive education
through capacity building with teaching staff and students, and
improving physical access,
• referring people with disabilities to specialist services, providing
assistive devices, creating employment opportunities by providing
access to training, job coaching and financial support for income-
generation activities,

8. Preventive measures related to gender based
disability:
Levels of prevention :
1. Primordial
2. Primary
3. Secondary
4. Tertiary

9. Primordial prevention:
• Primordial prevention consists of actions and measures that inhibit
the emergence of risk factors in the form of environmental,
economic, social, and behavioral conditions and cultural patterns of
living etc.

10. Primary Prevention:
• Primary prevention aims to prevent disease or injury before it ever
occurs. This is done by preventing exposures to hazards that cause
disease or injury, altering unhealthy or unsafe behaviour that can lead
to disease or injury, and increasing resistance to disease or injury
should exposure occur

11. Secondary prevention:
• Early diagnosis and adequate treatment.
• It is defined as “action which halts the progress of a disease at its
incipient stage and prevents complications.

12. Tertiary Prevention:
• All measures aimed at preventing a disability from causing a
handicap, or at diminishing its handicapping effects.
• Tertiary prevention limits the progression of a condition and on
preventing additional impairment, functional limitation, and disability.

13. Policies, security and legal issues regarding
persons who are differently able:
• Targeted programs will be carried out to ensure the rights and
security of people with disability and to include them in the national
mainstream by establishing their access to all areas of development.
• The Disabled Service National Coordination Committee will be made
autonomous and empowered by having 51 percent representation of
people with disability and organizations related to disability.
• Activities will be carried out by establishing coordination committee
section/unit or focal point related to people with disability in every
related ministry and district level and local level.

14. Contd…
• Nepal signed the CRPD and the Optional Protocol to the Convention on
the Rights of Persons with Disabilities on 3 January 2008, and also
ratified them on 27 December 2009.
• Govt. Scholarship Information 2070
• Disability ID card Distribution Guidelines of Government 2065.
• Childhood disability management strategy 2064
• CBR Guidelines 2066

15. Contd…
• Definition and Classification of Disability 2006(2063)
• Disabled Protection and Welfare Rules 2051,
• National Policy and Plan of Action on Disability 2006, Nepali Version.
• The 5% of all the quotas in Government organizations that provide
vocational training should be reserved for disabled people.
• All hospitals with more than 50 beds should allocate two beds for the
use of disabled people.
• Individual businesses employing more than 25 people should give 5%
of their jobs to disabled people.

16. References:
• https://study.com/academy/lesson/difference-between-impairment-
disability-developmental-delay-handicap.html
• https://www.un.org/disabilities/documents/hlmdd/hlmdd_unwomen
.doc
• https://www.preventionweb.net/files/9661_InclusionofDisabilityGen
der.pdf
• https://rcrdnepa.files.wordpress.com/2008/05/national-policy-and-
plan-of-action2006-eng.pdf

17. Thank
you.