how to resist buildings from blast ...

1. ||Jai Sri Gurudev||
Sri Adichunchanagiri Shikshana Trust
S. J. B INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY
BGS Health & Education City, Kengeri,
Bangalore-560060
Department of Civil Engineering
“BLAST RESISTANT BUILDINGS”
Presented By
MOHAMMED RAMEEZ C H
Under the Guidance of
Mr. SRINIVAS K S
Assistant Professor
Department of Civil
Engineering
SJBIT
Technical Seminar
On

2. CONTENTS
1. INTRODUCTION
2. OBJECTIVE
3. LITERATURE SURVEY
4. PRINCIPLES OF BLAST RESISTANT
BUILDINGS
5. METHODS PROVIDED IN BLAST RESISTANT
BUILDING
6. CASE STUDY
7. CONCLUSION
8. REFERENCES

3. INTRODUCTION
 Structure which offers more resistant to blast or
explosion when compared to conventional structures
are called Blast Resisting Structures.
 One of the most popular design issue.
 Increase in number of terror attacks and accidents.
 Subject is popularly applied in modern and important
buildings.
 Emerging branch in the field of structural
engineering

4. Objective Of The Blast Design
The primary objectives for providing blast
resistant design for buildings are:
• Reduce the severity of injury
• Facilitate rescue
• Expedite repair
• Avoid progressive collapse.

5. AUTHOR YEAR TITTLE CONCLUSION
Zeynep Koccaz 2008 Blast Resistant Building
Design
• Said arches and domes
are the types of
structural forms that
reduce the blast effects
on the building
compared with a
cubicle form.
• Complex shapes that
cause multiple
reflections of the blast
wave should not be
designed.
• Single story buildings
are more blast resistant
compared with
multistory buildings.
LITERATURE SURVEY

6. AUTHOR YEAR TITLE CONCLUSION
Yandzio E, Gough M. 1999 Protection of Buildings
Against Explosions
• A design philosophy for
building protection .
• Stopping an attack from
reaching a potential target,
by erecting a physical
barrier to the method of
attack
• Risks to people and assets
due to high explosive attacks
on buildings can result from
projectiles such as glass,
cladding, doors,
architectural features, etc.

7. Major Causes Of Life Loss After
The Blast
• Flying Debris.
• Broken glass.
• Smoke and fire.
• Power loss.
• Communications breakdown.
• Progressive collapse of structure.

8. Principles ofBlast Resistant Design
 Maintain safe separation of attackers and targets,
i.e. STAND-OFF zones.
 Design to sustain and contain certain amount of
bomb damage. Avoid progressive collapse of the
building.
 Allow for limited localized damage of members.
 Minimize the quantity and hazard of broken glass
and blast induced debris
 Facilitate rescue and recovery operation with
adequate time of evacuation of occupants.

9. Effects of Blast On The Structure

10. Methods Provided To Various Parts Of A
Structure to Improve Blast Resisting
Mechanism
 Planning AndLayout
• Sufficient stand-off distance must be provided.
• Allow only emergency vehicle access.
• Raise the building 2m above ground level.

11.  Stand Off Distance
• Maintaining safe separation of attackers and
targets.
• In case of congested areas where there is no
provision for stand off distances ,bollards ,trees,
or street furnitures are to be provided as
obstacles

12.  Roofs
• Arches and domes are the types
of structural forms that reduce
the blast effects on the building
compared with a cubicle form.
• They must be prevented from
‘falling off' their supports. Pre-cast
flooring is to be avoided in case of
blast resistant structures.
 Floorings

13.  Beam to column connection
failure of beam to column connections
Inability of the structure to tolerate load
reversal
providing additional robustness to these
connections can be significant enhancement.
Frame structures are deficient in 2 aspects

14. 22
Side plate connection for a
steel structure
Beam to column connection in
Reinforced concrete structure

15.  Wrapping of columns:
• Wrapping is done for external
protection of columns and
also to protect the column
from shock waves.
• Two types of wrapping can
be applied. Wrapping with
steel belts or wrapping
with carbon fiber-
reinforced polymers
(CFRP).

16.  Glazing and Cladding:
•Glass from broken and
shattered windows could
be responsible for a large
number of injuries
caused by an explosion in
a city centre.

17.  Miscellaneous Measures
Partially or fully embed buildings are quite blast
resistant.
Projected roofs and floorsare undesirable
Single story buildings are more blast
resistant than multi story buildings
Double- Dooring should be used.

18. 1. Case Study – WTC
• On 11 September 2001, two passenger
planes were hijacked by
terrorists and crashed into the WTC Towers
in NewYork.
• The impact of the plane crashes directly
caused significant structural damages to
both World Trade Center towers.
• The multiple floors fires ignited by the jet
fuel finally weakened the remaining
structures and the towers collapsed.
Collapse

19. well as schools and public buildings
2. Israel as a Case Study
• Israel has adapted military blast design to be used as a part
of civilian structures.
• In the 1970s civilians in Israel were being threatened
along its border with Lebanon.
• Throughout northern Israel rooms designed to protect a
buildings inhabitants from an explosion were included in
most homes as

20. Conclusion
 It is not practical to design buildings to withstand
any conceivable terrorist attack.
 It is possible to improve the performance of
structures should one occur in the form of an external
explosion.
 Design process to ensure that appropriate threat
conditions and levels of protection are being
incorporated.

21. References
• Koccaz Z. (2004) Blast Resistant Building Design,
MSc Thesis, Istanbul Technical University, Istanbul,
Turkey.
• Smith P.D., Hetherington J.G. (1994) Blast and ballistic
loading of structures. Butterworth Heinemann.
• Yandzio E., Gough M. (1999). Protection of Buildings
Against Explosions, SCI Publication, Berkshire, U.K.
• Website : www.iitk.ac.in/nicee/wcee/article/14-05-01-
0536.PDF
• Civil engineering articles at google.com

22. Thank You