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2. Outlines:
 Introduction about EOR
 EOR methods
 Thermal recovery
 Gas injection
 Chemical injection
 Microbial injection
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3. Introduction:
EOR: a stage of hydrocarbon production that involves
using an advanced methods to produce more oil than would
be possible by using primary and secondary production.
 EOR methods :
1. Thermal recovery.
2. Gas injection.
3. Chemical injection
4. Microbial injection
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4. 1-Thermal recovery:
Any process in which heat is introduced intentionally into
a subsurface accumulation of organic compounds for the
purpose of recovering oils through wells.(petrowiki (2014))
Thermal recovery types:
• Hot water floods
• Steam injection
• In-situ combustion
• Electrical heating
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5. 2-Gas injection:
It is the injection of gas through the wells which is
surround to the production well. (ODD, 2003)
These gases are not first contact miscible with reservoir
oils, but with sufficiently high reservoir pressure they achieve
dynamic miscibility with many reservoir oils. (ODD, 2003)
The injected gas such as (natural gas, enriched
natural gas, flue gas, nitrogen or CO2) (ODD, 2003)
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6. Gas injection continue………
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7. 3-chemical injection:
 The injection of specified liquid chemicals into a reservoir,
resulting from the more effective oil displacement. (SHENG, 2011)
 Chemical injection include injection of:
• alkaline (A)
• surfactant (S)
• polymer (P)
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8. CHEMICAL INJECTION CONT…….
Alkaline injection: The alkaline method relies on a chemical
reaction between chemicals. (SHENG, 2011)
 Surfactant injection is a blend of surface acting agents.
Surfactants are usually organic compounds that are
composed of a hydrocarbon chain and a polar hydrophilic
group. Therefore, they are soluble in both organic solvents
and water. (SHENG, 2011)
 Polymer injection: the injected chemicals are polymers
whose obvious function is to increase the displacing
polymer solution viscosity. (SHENG, 2011)
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9. Microbial injection:
 MEOR is one of the technologies that can be potentially
implemented with an exceptionally low operating
cost. (AL-SULAIMANI and Joshi, 2011)
 MEOR: is simply the process of utilizing microorganisms
and their bio-products to enhance the oil recovery.
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Referencing:
1-Green,D.and Willhite,G.(1998)Enhanced oil recovery, Richardson, society of
petroleum engineers.
2-Sheng,J. (2011) modern chemical enhanced oil recovery, Burlington; gulf
professional publishing.
3-Al-sulaimani, H. and Joshi,S.(2011) microbial biotechnology for enhanced oil
recovery, India; department of petroleum & chemistry engineering, college of
engineering, sultan qbos university.

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