Biotechnology, a key component of contemporary industry, agriculture, and medicine, uses live organisms or compounds to create or modify products for specific uses. It applies to all genera, from simple bacteria to complex plants and animals. Modern biotechnology allows scientists to identify and regulate species' genetic structure. Biotechnology enhances plant resistance to pests, insects, drought, diseases, cold, and soil acidity, improving yields, preventing diseases, and enhancing food nutritional value.

1. Potential achievements in the
field of agro-biotechnologies
Prepared by : Mohammad Hassan Hassand
Professor : Gaukhar Konuspayeva
12- 10- 2023

2. Applications of Biotechnology in Food and
Agriculture

3. Abstract
Biotechnology, a field of research that uses modern technology to create biological
systems, benefits research, agriculture, and other disciplines. It has been present since the
dawn of mankind, starting the agrarian revolution. Edward Jenner and Alexander
Fleming revolutionized biotechnology with vaccines and antibiotics, while fermentation
processes in food and agriculture have been essential for modern society.

4. Keywords Biotechnology
Advancements, Applications, Food. Agriculture

5. Introduction
Biotechnology, a key component of contemporary industry, agriculture, and medicine, uses
live organisms or compounds to create or modify products for specific uses. It applies to all
genera, from simple bacteria to complex plants and animals. Modern biotechnology allows
scientists to identify and regulate species' genetic structure.
Biotechnology enhances plant resistance to pests, insects, drought, diseases, cold, and soil
acidity, improving yields, preventing diseases, and enhancing food nutritional value.

6. Disease-Free
Plants
Micropropagation technique is a
valuable biotechnology for
producing disease-free plants like
bananas, which are crucial for
food, employment, and revenue,
offering a cost-effective and user-
friendly alternative to traditional
methods.

7. Agriculture on acid soils
Lime is effective for soil pH maintenance, but
costly and short-lived. An alternative is to
develop aluminum-resistant cultivars for
improved crop growth.

8. Fortification of Crops
Fortified crops like 'Potato', a genetically engineered potato, provide essential nutrients for
malnourished children in poor countries. This GMO potato, widely consumed in India, offers
a third and a half more protein than regular potatoes. Potatoes, golden rice, and cowpeas are
genetically engineered crops that offer potential food sources in countries with staple meals.
Potatoes are a promising source, while golden rice has higher beta-carotene content.
Tanzanian cowpea varieties show significant differences in nutrient fortification.

9. Application of FISH
Genetically engineered crops are widely used in wealthy nations due to their
potential to provide significantly more nutrients than traditional crops.

10. Advantages of
FISH
.
Biotechnology has significantly
enhanced aquaculture productivity
and growth, with ongoing research
aimed at producing safe and
human-friendly aquatic creatures.

11. Pest Resistant Crops
Pest invasion is a common issue
in crops, including fodder crops.
BT-Cotton, a crop created using
Bacillus thuringiensis genes, uses
biotechnology to reduce insect
attacks on the protein, increasing
productivity.

12. Continue
Genetic engineering employs targeted and
short-gun methods to create transgenic
plants capable of transmitting drought
tolerance.
Biotechnology enables scientists to
produce diverse vaccines in large quantities
on various scales at an affordable and
reliable cost.
Drought Resistant Crops Vaccine Development

13. Drought Resistant Crops
Future prosperity relies on sustainable, affordable energy sources. Biofuel production is a
growing trend, with Chlorella vulgaris strain being the most effective. The quality of biofuel
and lipid productivity are key factors in selecting the right species for biodiesel production.

14. Fermentation
Breweries are primarily created through fermentation, with various yeast strains used
commercially. Genetic engineering, including glucoamylase-encoded foreign genes, can
produce light wine. Wine synthesis involves primary fermentation using yeast to convert
glucose into alcohol, and secondary fermentation using bacteria to produce lactic acid. The
wine acidity problem can be addressed by introducing a malolactic gene into industrial yeast
strains, which decreases malate conversion, using costly divergent strategies.

15. Enzymes
Enzymes are increasingly used in industrial food processing and manufacturing, particularly in
curd, cheese, and flavoring. They are produced through genetic manipulation, with
carbohydrases and proteases being the most used enzymes. In the US, carbohydrases and
proteases are used over 50%.

16. Use of Biotechnology to Improve Yield
the use of biotechnology, specifically the insertion of the bovine Somatotropin gene into
Escherichia coli, has shown promise in increasing milk production by 10-12%. With the global
population projected to reach nine billion by 2050, this technology could help address food
productivity issues, especially in Africa, where it has the potential to reduce famine, poverty,
and diseases like rickets and kwashiorkor. For instance, Burkina Faso witnessed a remarkable
126% increase in cotton productivity through genetically modified (GM) crops.

17. Shell Life
Tomato products have short shell life, causing them to be picked when fully grown and green.
Calgene genetically altered tomatoes to create Flavr Savr, reducing the enzyme
polygalacturonase, which ensures ripening. This method uses antisense RNA to reduce
enzyme levels in tomatoes. Flavr Savr variety of tomatoes exhibits stronger texture, longer
shell life, and later transport support due to low levels of the enzyme responsible for cell wall
and pectin breakdown.

18. Biotechnology
Enhancing Taste
Scientists are utilizing biotechnology
to enhance the flavor of fruits like
eggplant, cherry, pepper, seedless
watermelon, and tomato by
removing seeds and altering
fermentation routes.

19. Future prospects
Local scientists' arguments against GM food must be supported by studies, and the public
should be informed about potential risks to human health and the environment due to a lack
of research, potentially leading to controversy.

20. Conclusion
The practical applications of biotechnology have merged to have helpful and safe production
of sustained food. More research is recommended in the said field for better and safe
production and processing technologies and techniques.

21. THANK
YUO