2. Commercial in confidence HSDPA Overview 2005-09-27
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Outline
HSDPA Principles
HSDPA Channels and Bearers
– Power Setting of new channels
Capacity Management
HS-DSCH Mobility
Flow Control & Transport
Questions and Answers
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What is High Speed Downlink Packet
Access (HSDPA)
STANDARDIZED Integral part of WCDMA (3GPP Release 5)
REDUCED DELAY Reduced round trip time
CAPACITY 2 – 3 times improved system throughput
SPEED Higher bit rates: up to 14 Mbps
Smooth Upgrade Short time to market with existing sites
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Key Idea in HSDPA
Fast adaptation of
transmission parameters to
fast variations in radio
conditions
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Shared Channel Transmission
HSDPA data channel is called HS-DSCH
A set of radio resources dynamically shared among multiple users
– In the time domain
– In the code domain
Channelization codes allocated
for HS-DSCH transmission
8 codes (example)
SF=16
SF=8
SF=4
SF=2
SF=1
User #1 User #2 User #3 User #4
TTI
Shared
channelization
codes
User #5 (CODE MUX!)
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Short TTI (2 ms)
Reduced air-interface delay
– Improved end-user performance
– Required by TCP at high data rates
Increases benefit from other HS-DSCH features
– Fast Link Adaptation
– Fast hybrid ARQ with soft combining
– Fast Channel-dependent Scheduling
10 ms
20 ms
40 ms
Earlier releases
2 ms
Rel 5 (HS-DSCH)
2 ms
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Higher Order Modulation
16 QAM to be used when radio quality is good
– E.g., close to base stations
Enables higher rates
16QAM
2 bits/symbol 4 bits/symbol
QPSK
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Fast Link Adaptation
Adjust transmission parameters to match
instantaneous channel conditions
HS-DSCH: Rate control
– Based on Quality reports from UE
(CQI= Channel Quality Indicator)
– Adaptive coding rate
– Adaptive modulation
– Adapt on 2 ms TTI basis
– Use “available power”
Compare
– Release 99: Power control (constant
rate)
C
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Good channel
conditions
high data rate
Bad channel
conditions
low data rate
rate adaptation
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Dynamic Power Allocation
Dedicated channels (power controlled)
Common channels
Power usage with dedicated channels
t
Unused power
Power
HS-DSCH with dynamic power allocation
t
Dedicated channels (power controlled)
Common channels
HS-DSCH (rate controlled)
Total
cell
power
Power
Total
cell
power
3GPP Release 99 3GPP Release 5
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Fast channel-dependent
Scheduling
Scheduling = which UE to transmit to at a given time instant and at
what rate
Basic idea: transmit at fading peaks
– Tradeoff: fairness vs cell throughput
high data rate
low data rate
Time
#2
#1 #2 #2
#1 #1 #1
User 2
User 1
Scheduled
user
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Fast channel-dependent
Scheduling
Examples of scheduling algorithms
– Round Robin (RR)
Cyclically assign the channel to users
Channel quality variance unexplored
– Proportional Fair (PF)
Assign the channel to the user with the best relative
channel quality
Improved cell throughput
– Max C/I Ratio
Assign the channel to the user with the best channel
quality
High system throughput but not fair
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P1,1
+
Fast Hybrid ARQ with Soft
Combining
Rapid retransmissions of erroneous data
– Hybrid ARQ protocol terminated in RBS
short RTT
– Soft combining in UE of multiple transmission attempts
reduced error rates for RLC retransmissions
P1,2
P1,2
P2,1
P1,1
P1,1 P2,1
P2,2
P2,2
P3,1
P2,1 P3,1
+
Transmitter
Receiver
RTT
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HSDPA Basic Principles
Shared Channel Transmission
Dynamically shared in time & code
domain
Higher-order Modulation
16QAM in complement to QPSK for
higher peak bit rates
2 ms
Short TTI (2 ms)
Reduced round trip delay
Fast Hybrid ARQ with
Soft Combining
Reduced round trip delay
Fast Radio Channel
Dependent Scheduling
Scheduling of users on 2 ms time
basis
Fast Link Adaptation
Data rate adapted to radio
conditions on 2 ms time basis
t
P
Dynamic Power Allocation
Efficient power &
spectrum utilisation
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Node Impacts
RBS
– HS-DSCH functionality
Scheduling, Link Adaptation, Hybrid ARQ…
- …all implemented in RBS
RNC
– Impact
Setup of HS-DSCH/HS-SCCH
Setup of users on HS-DSCH
Capacity Management, Cell change handling
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Outline
HSDPA Principles
HSDPA Channels and Bearers
– Power Setting of new channels
Capacity Management
HS-DSCH Mobility
Flow Control & Transport
Questions and Answers
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HSDPA Channel Structure
RBS A
RBS A
High-Speed Downlink Shared Channel – HS-DSCH
-High-Speed Physical Downlink Shared Channel – HS-PDSCH : DL Data
-High-Speed Shared Control Channel – HS-SCCH: Scheduling
Associated Dedicated Channel- A-DCH: Data in UL and control in DL
RBS B
RBS B
RBS B
A-DCH
-Multiplexed with High-Speed Dedicated Physical Control Channel:
ACK/NACK + CQI
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HS-DSCH and A-DCH
Shared channel:
– HS-DSCH
Per HS-DSCH user:
– A-DCH DL
3.4 kbps SRB (control signalling)
Also needed for power controlling the UL
– A-DCH UL
64 (or 384) kbps DCH
3.4 kbps SRB (control signalling)
High-Speed Dedicated Physical Control Channel
(HS-DPCCH)
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HS-DPCCH and HS-SCCH power
HS-DPCCH (UL)
– ACK, NACK, CQI
Power offsets in relation to DPCCH
Repetition of ACK, NACK, CQI based on performance
HS-SCCH (DL)
– Fixed Power (relative to CPICH)
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UE capabilities
HS-DSCH
category
Maximum
number of
HS-DSCH
codes
received
Minimum
inter-TTI
interval
Maximum number of
bits of an HS-DSCH
transport block
received within
an HS-DSCH TTI
Total
number of
soft channel
bits
Modulation
Category 1 5 3 7298 19200 QPSK/16QAM
Category 2 5 3 7298 28800 QPSK/16QAM
Category 3 5 2 7298 28800 QPSK/16QAM
Category 4 5 2 7298 38400 QPSK/16QAM
Category 5 5 1 7298 57600 QPSK/16QAM
Category 6 5 1 7298 67200 QPSK/16QAM
Category 7 10 1 14411 115200 QPSK/16QAM
Category 8 10 1 14411 134400 QPSK/16QAM
Category 9 15 1 20251 172800 QPSK/16QAM
Category 10 15 1 27952 172800 QPSK/16QAM
Category 11 5 2 3630 14400 QPSK
Category 12 5 1 3630 28800 QPSK
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HSDPA Services and RABs first
HSDPA release
New RABs
– PS Interactive
64/HS
– PS Interactive
384/HS
16QAM is optional
1–5 HS-PDSCH
codes (configurable)
All HS capable UEs
use HSDPA
regardless of CN
requested bit-rate
Theoretical max: BLER operating level 10 % will
decrease values accordingly
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Outline
HSDPA Principles
HSDPA Channels and Bearers
– Power Setting of new channels
Capacity Management
HS-DSCH Mobility
Flow Control & Transport
Questions and Answers
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Admission control
Power
non-guaranteed
/
non-handover
non-guaranteed
/
handover
guaranteed
/
non-handover
guaranteed
/
handover
A-DCH
/
non-handover
A-DCH
/
handover
Admission Granted
Admission Rejected
Congestion threshold
Handover threshold
Guaranteed threshold
Non-guaranteed threshold
High load situations
should still allow for
access to remaining
power
MAX number of HS-
DSCH users criterion
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Congestion control
Cell(s)
Congestion
Control
Admission
Control
“DL Congestion”
Block ALL new requests
Start congestion resolve actions in the cell
Periodically:
•Downswitch non-guaranteed users to
Cell_FACH
•Downswitch HS-users to idle state
•Drop guaranteed users
Most resource-consuming users are targeted first
25. Commercial in confidence HSDPA Overview 2005-09-27
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Outline
HSDPA Principles
HSDPA Channels and Bearers
– Power Setting of new channels
Capacity Management
HS-DSCH Mobility
Flow Control & Transport
Questions and Answers
26. Commercial in confidence HSDPA Overview 2005-09-27
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RNC RNC
Iur
Iub Iub
Iu Iu
Associated
Dedicated
Channels
•Serving HS-DSCH Cell
Selection (Intra and Inter-
Frequency)
•No Soft/Softer HO for
HS-DSCH
•Serving HS-DSCH Cell
Change (Intra-RNC)
Iub
Overview of HSDPA Mobility
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Serving HS-DSCH Cell Change, -Mobility
The following events will trigger a serving HS-DSCH cell
change
– A change of best cell within AS (event 1d)
– SHO removal (event1b)
– SHO replacement (event 1c)
RNC RNC
Iur
Iub Iub
Iu Iu
Associated
Dedicated
Channels
Iub
No support for HS-DSCH over Iur
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Outline
HSDPA Principles
HSDPA Channels and Bearers
– Power Setting of new channels
Capacity Management
HS-DSCH Mobility
Flow Control & Transport
Questions and Answers
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Purpose of Iub flow control
Pre-buffer data in RBS to allow fast
scheduling
Avoid buffer overflow or empty buffers in RBS
Keep an appropriate amount of data buffered
in RBS
– Conflicting requirements
Keep the RBS priority queues short in
order to avoid excessive RLC RTT
Keep enough data in queue to ensure
throughput when scheduled
Ensure that the flow is within Iub Transport
Network limits
SDU buffer
RNC
RBS
UE
RBS buffer
HARQ buffer
TN
(Scheduler)
RLC buffer
Iub flow control
30. Commercial in confidence HSDPA Overview 2005-09-27
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HSDPA enablers in the Transport
Iub solution optimized for efficient bandwidth utilization
– With AAL2 Switching and UBR for HSDPA
New Best Effort AAL2 QoS class for handling HS traffic
– Class C
AAL2 QoS separation between different traffic classes
– A, B, C
User traffic Flow control for HSDPA
IMA for trunking gains
– For >1.5Mbps HS bandwidth to a single user
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Iub Configuration with AAL2 Switching,
UBR, IMA
T1
T1
3 Mbps
Class B:
DCH best effort
Class C: HSDPA best effort
Class A:
Strict QoS
Voice, Video, CS64,
Common Channels
R99 PS
Data
AAL2/
CBR
B
A
AAL2/UBR
C
ET-MC1 /
MC41
HSDPA Peak rate of up to 2.2Mb/s