safety

1. Industrial and Environmental
Safety
‫والبيئية‬ ‫الصناعية‬ ‫السالمة‬
Faculty of Engineering and Technology
Course: Industrial and Environmental Safety
2022-2023 Code: HUMx17
Lecture 1
HUM x17
Dr/MOHAMED FARGHAL

2. 2
‫الموضوعات‬
1
-
‫التاريخية‬ ‫الخلفية‬
2
-
‫المهنية‬ ‫والصحة‬ ‫السالمة‬ ‫وأهداف‬ ‫مفهوم‬
3
-
‫اإلنتاجية‬ ‫والكفاية‬ ‫الصناعي‬ ‫األمن‬ ‫مفهومة‬
4
-
‫العمل‬ ‫حوادث‬
-
‫العالج‬ ‫وطرق‬ ‫األسباب‬
5
-
‫العامل‬ ‫لها‬ ‫يتعرض‬ ‫التي‬ ‫المخاطر‬
‫أوال‬
:
‫الميكانيكية‬ ‫المخاطر‬
‫ثانيا‬
:
‫الكهربائية‬ ‫المخاطر‬
‫ثالثا‬
:
‫الكيميائية‬ ‫المخاطر‬
‫رابعا‬
:
‫الفيزيائية‬ ‫المخاطر‬
‫الشخصية‬ ‫للوقاية‬ ‫السالمة‬ ‫مهمات‬
6
-
‫قبل‬ ‫المهنية‬ ‫السالمة‬ ‫وتعليمات‬ ‫قواعد‬ ‫هى‬ ‫ما‬
‫التشغيل‬ ‫واثناء‬ ‫التشغيل‬
.
7
-
‫االتحادية‬ ‫الحكومية‬ ‫الهيئات‬
)
‫الفيدرالية‬
)
Contents
1- Historical background
2- The concept and objectives of occupational safety and health
3- Understandable industrial security and production efficiency
4- Work accidents - causes and methods of treatment
5- The risks to which the worker is exposed
First: mechanical hazards
Second: electrical hazards
Third: chemical hazards
Fourth: physical hazards
Safety tasks for personal protection
6- What are the occupational safety rules and instructions before
and during operation.
7- Federal Government Bodies (Federal)

3. 1 3
1- Historical background
1
-
‫التاريخية‬ ‫الخلفية‬
1. When the industrial revolution began in Europe and the peasants moved in abundance to the cities
where the industry is to escape the enslavement they were facing from the feudal lords, many
accidents began to appear that led to the injury of those immigrants who had no knowledge of the
industry and its dangers, and the factories faced various kinds of risks and the prevailing opinion was
that if an accident occurred And if the injured was the cause of it, the employer is not bound by any
responsibility whatsoever.
2. Incidents increased alarmingly, and everyone started talking about it. Enacting laws and legislation that
oblige factory owners to compensate those injured in accidents, even if they were the cause of their
occurrence.
.
‫حين‬ 1
‫بدأت‬
‫الثورة‬
‫الصناعية‬
‫في‬
‫اوروبا‬
‫وانتقل‬
‫الفالحون‬
‫بكثرة‬
‫الى‬
‫المدن‬
‫حيث‬
‫الصناعة‬
‫هربا‬
‫من‬
‫االستعبا‬
‫د‬
‫الذي‬
‫كانوا‬
‫يواجهونه‬
‫من‬
‫االقطاعيين‬
‫بدأت‬
‫تظهر‬
‫حوادث‬
‫كثيرة‬
‫تؤدي‬
‫الى‬
‫اصابة‬
‫هؤالء‬
‫المهاجرين‬
‫الذين‬
‫ليست‬
‫لهم‬
‫معرفة‬
‫بالصناعة‬
‫واخطارها‬
،
‫وكانت‬
‫المصانع‬
‫تواجه‬
‫بمختلف‬
‫انواع‬
‫المخاطر‬
‫وكان‬
‫الرأى‬
‫السائد‬
‫انه‬
‫اذا‬
‫وقعت‬
‫حادثة‬
‫وكان‬
‫المصاب‬
‫سببا‬
‫فيها‬
‫فان‬
‫صاحب‬
‫العمل‬
‫ال‬
‫يلتزم‬
‫بأية‬
‫مسؤولية‬
‫على‬
‫االطالق‬
.
.
‫وحينما‬ 2
‫زادت‬
‫الحوادث‬
‫بشكل‬
‫مفزع‬
‫واصبح‬
‫الكل‬
‫يتحدث‬
،‫عنها‬
‫جرى‬
‫سن‬
‫قوانين‬
‫وتشريعات‬
‫تلزم‬
‫اصحاب‬
‫المص‬
‫انع‬
‫بتعويض‬
‫المصابين‬
‫عن‬
‫الحوادث‬
‫حتى‬
‫لوكانوا‬
‫سببا‬
‫في‬
‫حدوثها‬
.
.
‫عام‬ ‫في‬ ‫ألمانيا‬ ‫أصدرت‬ 3
1882
‫األفراد‬ ‫تصيب‬ ‫التي‬ ‫العمل‬ ‫حوادث‬ ‫ضد‬ ‫بالتأمين‬ ‫األعمال‬ ‫أصحاب‬ ‫يلزم‬ ‫قانونا‬
.
.
‫وحينئذ‬ 4
‫اخذ‬
‫اصحاب‬
‫المصانع‬
‫بتحسين‬
‫ظروف‬
‫العمل‬
‫وذلك‬
‫تقليال‬
‫للتعويضات‬
‫التي‬
‫يدفعونها‬
‫للمصابين‬
‫م‬
‫ما‬
‫قلل‬
‫من‬
‫عدد‬
‫االصابات‬
،
‫اال‬
‫أن‬
‫نسبة‬
‫الحوادث‬
‫عادت‬
‫مرة‬
‫ثانية‬
‫لالرتفاع‬
‫بسبب‬
‫كثرة‬
‫المواد‬
‫العضوية‬
‫والكيميائية‬
‫التي‬
‫اد‬
‫خلت‬
‫في‬
‫العمليات‬
‫الصناعية‬
‫باالضافة‬
‫الى‬
‫سبب‬
‫رئيسي‬
‫اخر‬
‫هو‬
‫عدم‬
‫معاملة‬
‫االمن‬
‫الصناعي‬
‫بالتساوي‬
‫مع‬
‫اهم‬
‫اهداف‬
‫الم‬
‫نشأة‬
‫وهو‬
‫الربح‬
.

4. 4
2-Occupational Safety and Health
It is the science concerned with preserving human safety and health, by providing
safe work environments free from the causes of accidents, injuries or
occupational diseases.
2
-
‫المهنية‬ ‫والصحة‬ ‫السالمة‬
‫يهتم‬ ‫الذي‬ ‫العلم‬ ‫هي‬
‫بالحفاظ‬
‫اإلنسان‬ ‫وصحة‬ ‫سالمة‬ ‫على‬
‫وذلك‬ ،
‫من‬ ‫خالية‬ ‫آمنة‬ ‫عمل‬ ‫بيئات‬ ‫بتوفير‬
‫مسببات‬
‫اإلصابات‬ ‫أو‬ ‫الحوادث‬
‫المهنية‬ ‫االمرض‬ ‫أو‬
.
Definition of safety
It is also a set of preventive measures and needs that are taken or followed with high efficiency for
planning, supervision, operation and maintenance to ensure the safety of the individual and reassurance
of his health.
‫تعريف‬
‫السالمة‬
‫بأنها‬ ‫أيضا‬
‫اإلجراءت‬ ‫مجموعة‬
‫واالحتياجات‬
‫الوقائية‬
‫أو‬ ‫تخذ‬ُ‫ت‬ ‫التي‬
‫بكفاءة‬ ‫تبع‬ُ‫ت‬
‫عالية‬
‫سالم‬ ‫لضمان‬ ‫والصيانة‬ ‫والتشغيل‬ ‫واإلشراف‬ ‫للتخطيط‬
‫ة‬
‫الفرد‬
‫صحته‬ ‫على‬ ‫واالطمئنان‬
.
occupational safety
Protect workers from injuries resulting from work-related accidents
‫المهنية‬ ‫السالمة‬ ‫تعرف‬
‫إصابات‬ ‫من‬ ‫العاملين‬ ‫بحماية‬
‫ذات‬ ‫حوادث‬ ‫عن‬ ‫ناجمة‬
‫بالعمل‬ ‫صلة‬
.
occupational health
Workers are free from work-related physical or mental illnesses
.‫المهنية‬ ‫الصحة‬ ‫تعرف‬
‫يخلو‬
‫العاملين‬
‫بالعمل‬ ‫صلة‬ ‫ذات‬ ‫نفسية‬ ‫أو‬ ‫بدنية‬ ‫أمراض‬ ‫من‬
.
Safe environment
A work environment that enjoys the necessary conditions to provide workers with safety and health.
‫اآلمنة‬ ‫البيئة‬ ‫تعرف‬
‫عمل‬ ‫ببيئة‬
‫بالشروط‬ ‫تتمتع‬
‫الضرورية‬
‫للعاملين‬ ‫والصحة‬ ‫السالمة‬ ‫لتوفير‬
.

5.  Safety " freedom from danger or injury."
‫سالمة‬
"
‫اإلصابة‬ ‫أو‬ ‫الخطر‬ ‫من‬ ‫التحرر‬
."
 Safe is defined as: " involving no danger, risk or error.“
‫أنه‬ ‫على‬ ‫األمان‬ ‫تعريف‬ ‫يتم‬
" :
‫خطأ‬ ‫أو‬ ‫مخاطرة‬ ‫أو‬ ‫خطر‬ ‫على‬ ‫ينطوي‬ ‫ال‬
."
 National Safety Council, defined safety as "the control of
hazards to manage acceptable level of risk.“
‫أنها‬ ‫على‬ ‫السالمة‬ ‫الوطني‬ ‫السالمة‬ ‫مجلس‬ ‫حدد‬
"
‫من‬ ‫مقبول‬ ‫مستوى‬ ‫إلدارة‬ ‫المخاطر‬ ‫في‬ ‫التحكم‬
‫المخاطر‬
."
 Safety is the degree of freedom from risks and hazards in any
environment."
‫بيئة‬ ‫أي‬ ‫في‬ ‫واألخطار‬ ‫المخاطر‬ ‫من‬ ‫التحرر‬ ‫درجة‬ ‫هي‬ ‫السالمة‬
 Borrowing from all above, definition of safety is proposed as being applicable to the
practice of safety in which all safety professionals are engaged.
‫يش‬ ‫التي‬ ‫السالمة‬ ‫ممارسة‬ ‫على‬ ‫للتطبيق‬ ‫قابل‬ ‫أنه‬ ‫على‬ ‫السالمة‬ ‫تعريف‬ ‫ُقترح‬‫ي‬ ، ‫سبق‬ ‫ما‬ ‫كل‬ ‫من‬ ‫باالقتراض‬
‫ارك‬
‫السالمة‬ ‫متخصصي‬ ‫جميع‬ ‫فيها‬
.
 Safety is defined as that state for which the risks are judged to be acceptable. No
matter how effective the preventive measures taken, there will always be a
remaining risk if an operation continues.

‫السالمة‬ ‫تعريف‬ ‫يتم‬
‫عل‬ ‫المخاطر‬ ‫على‬ ‫التحكم‬ ‫فيها‬ ‫يتم‬ ‫التي‬ ‫الحالة‬ ‫أنها‬ ‫على‬
‫أنها‬ ‫ى‬
‫مقبولة‬
.
‫هن‬ ‫سيكون‬ ، ‫المتخذة‬ ‫الوقائية‬ ‫التدابير‬ ‫فعالية‬ ‫مدى‬ ‫عن‬ ‫النظر‬ ‫بغض‬
‫ا‬‫دائم‬ ‫اك‬
‫العملية‬ ‫استمرت‬ ‫إذا‬ ‫متبقي‬ ‫خطر‬
.

6. DEFINING RISK
 In the definitions of safety, the terms risk and hazards are used.
‫واألخطار‬ ‫المخاطر‬ ‫مصطلحات‬ ‫استخدام‬ ‫يتم‬ ، ‫السالمة‬ ‫تعريفات‬ ‫في‬
.
 Risks can only have unpleasant outcomes.
 Risk is the potential for realization of unwanted, negative results of an
event.

‫الخطر‬
‫هو‬
‫احتمال‬
‫تحقيق‬
‫النتائج‬
‫السلبية‬
‫غير‬
‫المرغوب‬
‫فيها‬
‫لحدث‬
‫ما‬
.
 Risk is defined as a measure of the probability of a hazards-related incident
occurring, and the severity of harm or damage that could result.

‫يتم‬
‫تعريف‬
‫المخاطر‬
‫على‬
‫أنها‬
‫مقياس‬
‫الحتمال‬
‫وقوع‬
‫حادث‬
‫متعلق‬
‫بالمخاطر‬
،
‫وشدة‬
‫الضرر‬
‫أ‬
‫و‬
‫الضرر‬
‫الذي‬
‫يمكن‬
‫أن‬
‫ينتج‬
.
 Professional safety practice requires two distinct aspects of risk:
1. Avoiding, eliminating, or reducing probability of a hazards related incident
occurring;
2. Minimizing the severity of adverse results, if an incident occurs.
‫المخاطر‬ ‫جوانب‬ ‫من‬ ‫متميزين‬ ‫جانبين‬ ‫المهنية‬ ‫السالمة‬ ‫ممارسة‬ ‫تتطلب‬
:
-
.
‫؛‬ ‫بالمخاطر‬ ‫متعلق‬ ‫حادث‬ ‫وقوع‬ ‫احتمالية‬ ‫من‬ ‫الحد‬ ‫أو‬ ‫القضاء‬ ‫أو‬ ‫تجنب‬ 1
.
‫حادث‬ ‫وقوع‬ ‫حالة‬ ‫في‬ ‫المعاكسة‬ ‫النتائج‬ ‫شدة‬ ‫من‬ ‫التقليل‬ 2
.
‫المخاطر‬ ‫تحديد‬

8. The concept of accidents:
Accidents can be defined as a sudden event that occurs during and because of
work, and the accident may lead to damage to the industrial facility without
injuring any of the workers. Or it may lead to injury to one or more workers, in
addition to damage to the facility itself.

9. 1 9
1
-
‫في‬ ‫المهنية‬ ‫والصحة‬ ‫السالمة‬ ‫تساهم‬
‫حوادث‬ ‫معدالت‬ ‫تخفيض‬ ‫عن‬ ‫الناتجة‬ ‫اإلنتاج‬ ‫تكاليف‬ ‫تخفيض‬
‫الع‬ ‫وإصابات‬
‫والناتجة‬ ،‫مل‬
‫عن‬ ‫أيضا‬
‫الغياب‬ ‫فترات‬ ‫تخفيض‬
‫نتيجة‬ ‫العمل‬ ‫وتوقف‬
‫السليمة‬ ‫المادية‬ ‫العمل‬ ‫بيئة‬ ‫توافر‬ ‫لعدم‬
.
2
-
‫في‬ ‫المهنية‬ ‫والصحة‬ ‫السالمة‬ ‫تساهم‬
‫والتالف‬ ‫المواد‬ ‫في‬ ‫الفاقد‬ ‫تخفيض‬ ‫عن‬ ‫الناتجة‬ ‫اإلنتاج‬ ‫تكاليف‬ ‫تخفيض‬
‫عن‬ ‫والناتج‬
‫في‬ ‫يساهم‬ ‫المواد‬ ‫وهذه‬ ‫النظم‬ ‫هذه‬ ‫وجود‬ ‫أن‬ ‫كما‬ ،‫متقدمة‬ ‫وميكانيكية‬ ‫آلية‬ ‫نظم‬ ‫استخدام‬
‫اإلنتاج‬ ‫توقف‬ ‫فترات‬ ‫تخفيض‬
‫وعدم‬
‫اإلصالح‬ ‫نظم‬ ‫نظير‬ ‫تعطيله‬
‫المفاجئة‬ ‫والصيانة‬
.
3
-
‫في‬ ‫يساهم‬ ‫المهنية‬ ‫والصحة‬ ‫للسالمة‬ ‫فعال‬ ‫نظام‬ ‫وجود‬ ‫إن‬
‫المتميزة‬ ‫والكفاءات‬ ‫الماهرة‬ ‫العمالة‬ ‫اجتذاب‬
.
4
-
‫بسبب‬ ‫النظير‬ ‫عالية‬ ‫إنتاجية‬ ‫كفاءة‬ ‫المتميزة‬ ‫المهنية‬ ‫والصحة‬ ‫السالمة‬ ‫تحقق‬
‫ا‬ ‫ومعتدل‬ ‫الجودة‬ ‫عالي‬ ‫إنتاج‬ ‫وجود‬
‫لتكاليف‬
.
5
-
‫المهنية‬ ‫والصحة‬ ‫السالمة‬ ‫استراتيجية‬ ‫فإن‬ ،‫سبق‬ ‫بما‬ ‫وارتباطا‬
‫للعاملين‬ ‫مباشرة‬ ‫أهدافا‬ ‫تحقق‬
‫نحو‬
‫ا‬ ‫من‬ ‫حمايتهم‬
‫ألمراض‬
‫أنها‬ ‫كما‬ ،‫والنفسية‬ ‫البدنية‬ ‫إمكانياتهم‬ ‫وعلى‬ ‫عليهم‬ ‫والحفاظ‬ ‫والعاهات‬
‫زي‬ ‫عن‬ ‫ناتجة‬ ‫كبيرة‬ ‫مادية‬ ‫مكاسب‬ ‫لهم‬ ‫تحقق‬
‫اإلنتاج‬ ‫ادة‬
.
‫المهنية‬ ‫والصحة‬ ‫السالمة‬ ‫أهداف‬
:
Occupational safety and health objectives:
1- Occupational safety and health contributes to reducing production costs resulting from a reduction in the rates of work accidents
and injuries, and also resulting from reducing periods of absence and work stoppages due to the lack of proper physical work
environment.
2- Occupational safety and health contribute to the reduction of production costs resulting from the reduction of material losses and
damage resulting from the use of advanced automated and mechanical systems, and the existence of these systems and materials
contributes to reducing production downtimes and not disrupting it due to sudden repair and maintenance systems.
3- The presence of an effective system of occupational safety and health contributes to attracting skilled workers and
outstanding competencies.
4- Distinguished occupational safety and health achieves high production efficiency due to high quality production
and moderate costs.
5- In connection with the foregoing, the occupational safety and health strategy achieves direct goals for workers
towards protecting them from diseases and disabilities and preserving them and their physical and psychological
capabilities, and it also achieves for them significant material gains resulting from increased production.

10. 1 10
‫المهنية‬ ‫والصحة‬ ‫السالمة‬ ‫تطبيق‬ ‫فوائد‬
‫مثل‬ ‫مباشرة‬ ‫فوائد‬
:
‫خالل‬ ‫من‬
‫العمل‬ ‫في‬ ‫الكامن‬ ‫الخطر‬ ‫على‬ ‫العامل‬ ‫تعرف‬
‫إلى‬ ‫يؤدي‬ ‫تالفيه‬ ‫وسبل‬
:
-
1
-
‫العمل‬ ‫إصابات‬ ‫تقليل‬
‫للعمال‬ ‫المهنية‬ ‫واالمراض‬
.
2
-
‫والكوارث‬ ‫الحوادث‬ ‫تقليل‬
‫العمل‬ ‫عن‬ ‫الناتجة‬
‫الصناعية‬ ‫المنشاة‬ ‫في‬
.
‫مثل‬ ‫مباشرة‬ ‫غير‬ ‫فوائد‬
:
1
-
‫العاملة‬ ‫األيدي‬ ‫على‬ ‫نحافظ‬ ‫والحوادث‬ ‫اإلصابات‬ ‫بتقليل‬
‫مما‬ ‫الماهرة‬
‫اإلنتاجية‬ ‫لزيادة‬ ‫يؤدي‬
‫ن‬ ‫وبالتالي‬
‫حصل‬
‫ربح‬ ‫ا‬ ‫اقتصاد‬ ‫على‬
.
2
-
‫المهنية‬ ‫والصحة‬ ‫السالمة‬ ‫على‬ ‫المصروف‬ ‫للمبلغ‬ ‫التوفير‬ ‫معدل‬
‫الصناعيةمع‬ ‫المنشات‬ ‫في‬
‫ال‬ ‫المبلغ‬
‫ممكن‬
‫اإلصابات‬ ‫حدوث‬ ‫حال‬ ‫في‬ ‫صرفه‬
‫أنه‬ ‫نجد‬
‫مرتفع‬
.
3
-
‫يحافظ‬ ‫سوف‬ ‫الحوادث‬ ‫بتقليل‬
‫على‬
‫التكلفة‬ ‫وتقل‬ ‫الصناعية‬ ‫المنشات‬
.
Benefits of applying occupational safety and health
direct benefits such as:
Through the worker's knowledge of the danger inherent in the work and ways to avoid it, it leads to:
1- Reducing work injuries and occupational diseases for workers.
2- Reducing accidents and disasters resulting from work in the industrial establishment.
Indirect benefits such as:
1- By reducing injuries and accidents, we preserve the skilled workforce, which leads to increased productivity,
and thus we obtain a profit economy.
2- The rate of savings for the amount spent on occupational safety and health in industrial facilities, with the
amount that can be spent in the event of injuries, we find that it is high.
3- By reducing accidents, industrial facilities will be preserved and costs will be reduced.

11. The Responsibility of the worker to achieving occupational safety
1. The tram of the worker commitment to follow the instructions and instructions
given to him and not to violate them or be negligent in their implementation.
2. Take care when carrying out the tasks entrusted to him to avoid injury or
occupational disease.
3. Obligation to wear personal protective equipment when doing any work that
requires it (while making sure that the worker has the right to claim their
insurance for him if the employer neglects to secure them).
4. Inform the employer or supervisor of the danger sites to avoid their
occurrence.:
‫المهنية‬ ‫السالمة‬ ‫تحقيق‬ ‫في‬ ‫العامل‬ ‫مسؤولية‬
:
-
.
‫التزام‬ 1
‫العامل‬
‫باتباع‬
‫التعليمات‬
‫واالرشادات‬
‫المعطاة‬
‫له‬
‫وعدم‬
‫مخالفتها‬
‫او‬
‫التهاون‬
‫في‬
‫تنفيذها‬
.
.
‫اخذ‬ 2
‫الحذر‬
‫عند‬
‫القيام‬
‫بتنفيذ‬
‫المهام‬
‫المكلف‬
‫بها‬
‫لتجنب‬
‫االصابة‬
‫أو‬
‫المرض‬
‫المهني‬
.
.
‫االلتزام‬ 3
‫بإرتداء‬
‫وسائل‬
‫الحماية‬
‫الشخصية‬
‫عند‬
‫القيام‬
‫بكل‬
‫عمل‬
‫يتطلب‬
‫ذلك‬
(
‫مع‬
‫التاكدعلى‬
‫أحق‬
‫ية‬
‫العامل‬
‫في‬
‫المطالبة‬
‫بتأمينها‬
‫له‬
‫لو‬
‫اهمل‬
‫صاحب‬
‫العمل‬
‫تأمينها‬
)
.
.
‫ابالغ‬ 4
‫صاحب‬
‫العمل‬
‫أو‬
‫المشرف‬
‫باماكن‬
‫الخطر‬
‫لتالفي‬
‫وقوعها‬
.

12. 12
‫الرئيسية‬ ‫االنتاج‬ ‫عناصر‬ ‫ماهى‬
:
‫تعتبر‬
‫السالمة‬
‫المهنية‬
‫واالهتمام‬
‫بها‬
‫في‬
‫أي‬
‫مؤسسة‬
‫مظهرا‬
‫من‬
‫مظاهر‬
‫التطور‬
‫االداري‬
‫والتخطيط‬
‫االقتصادي‬
،‫الناجح‬
‫كما‬
‫يعتبر‬
‫انعكاسا‬
‫للوعي‬
‫العام‬
‫والمؤسس‬
‫بأهمية‬
‫السالمة‬
‫ودورها‬
‫كقطاع‬
‫انت‬
‫اجي‬
‫مهم‬
.
‫إن‬
‫السالمة‬
‫بمفهومها‬
‫الحديث‬
‫والشامل‬
‫تعني‬
‫المحافظة‬
‫على‬
‫عناصر‬
‫االنتاج‬
‫الرئيسية‬
‫وهي‬
:
.
‫االنسان‬ 1
‫داخل‬
‫المؤسسة‬
‫وخارجها‬
.
.
‫المواد‬ 2
‫الخام‬
‫والمواد‬
‫المنتجة‬
.
.
‫المعدات‬ 3
‫وادوات‬
‫االنتاج‬
.
.
‫البيئة‬ 4
‫المحيطة‬
‫من‬
‫ماء‬
‫وهواء‬
‫وتراب‬
.
What are the main production elements:
Occupational safety and concern for it in any institution is a manifestation of
administrative development and successful economic planning. It is also a
reflection of the general and institutional awareness of the importance of safety
and its role as an important productive sector. Safety in its modern and
comprehensive concept means preserving the main production elements, which
are:
1. People inside and outside the organization.
2. Raw materials and produced materials.
3. Production equipment and tools.
4. The surrounding environment of water, air and soil.

13. 3- The concept of industrial
security means in its concept “the availability of a safe and clean work environment” because the concept
of direct industrial security is linked to the physical work environment, which includes:
1- Taking into account the necessary engineering and architectural aspects when designing the work site.
2- Safety of buildings, foundations, bases, columns, etc.
3- Availability of appropriate production hangars from the neighborhood of passages, heights and
equipment.
4- Availability of safe production machinery and equipment.
5- Availability of pure raw materials and production requirements that are free from any hazards or
diseases.
6- Availability of extractors, fans, and machines for pushing dust and gases away from workers.
7- The availability of rapid systems for first aid in the event of any sudden illness, accidents or work
injuries.
8- Availability of prevention and treatment systems inside or outside the work environment.
9- Availability of insurance systems for workers against work risks and occupational work accidents and
injuries, as well as against fire risks
3
-
‫الصناعي‬ ‫األمن‬ ‫مفهومة‬
‫مفهومها‬ ‫في‬ ‫يعنى‬
"
‫والنظيفة‬ ‫اآلمنة‬ ‫العمل‬ ‫بيئة‬ ‫توافر‬
"
‫ب‬ ‫يرتبط‬ ‫المباشر‬ ‫الصناعي‬ ‫األمن‬ ‫مفهوم‬ ‫أن‬ ‫ذلك‬
‫البيئة‬
‫تشمل‬ ‫التي‬ ‫وهي‬ ‫للعمل‬ ‫المادية‬
:
-
1
-
‫والمعمارية‬ ‫الهندسية‬ ‫الجوانب‬ ‫مراعاة‬
‫الالزمة‬
‫تصميم‬ ‫عند‬
‫العمل‬ ‫موقع‬
.
2
-
‫المباني‬ ‫سالمة‬
‫وغيرها‬ ‫واألعمدة‬ ‫والقواعد‬ ‫واألساسات‬
.
3
-
‫المناسبة‬ ‫اإلنتاج‬ ‫عنابر‬ ‫توافر‬
‫والتجهيزات‬ ‫واالرتفاعات‬ ‫الممرات‬ ‫حي‬ ‫من‬
.
4
-
‫اإلنتاجية‬ ‫والمعدات‬ ‫اآلالت‬ ‫توافر‬
‫اآلمنة‬
.
5
-
‫الخام‬ ‫المواد‬ ‫توافر‬
‫أمراض‬ ‫أو‬ ‫أخطار‬ ‫أي‬ ‫من‬ ‫والخالية‬ ‫النقية‬ ‫اإلنتاج‬ ‫ومستلزمات‬
.
6
-
‫وماكينات‬ ‫والمراوح‬ ‫الشفاطات‬ ‫توافر‬
‫العاملين‬ ‫عن‬ ‫بعيدا‬ ‫والغازات‬ ‫األتربة‬ ‫دفع‬
.
7
-
‫األولية‬ ‫لإلسعافات‬ ‫السريعة‬ ‫النظم‬ ‫توافر‬
‫عمل‬ ‫إصابات‬ ‫أو‬ ‫حوادث‬ ‫أو‬ ‫مرضية‬ ‫مفاجآت‬ ‫أي‬ ‫حدوث‬ ‫عند‬
.
8
-
‫بيئة‬ ‫خارج‬ ‫أو‬ ‫داخل‬ ‫والعالج‬ ‫الوقاية‬ ‫نظم‬ ‫توافر‬
‫العمل‬
.
9
-
‫التامين‬ ‫نظم‬ ‫توافر‬
‫على‬
‫العاملين‬
‫وحوادث‬ ‫العمل‬ ‫مخاطر‬ ‫ضد‬
‫ايضان‬ ‫المهنية‬ ‫العمل‬ ‫وإصابات‬
‫الحريق‬ ‫مخاطر‬ ‫ضد‬

14. 14
6
-
‫التش‬ ‫واثناء‬ ‫التشغيل‬ ‫قبل‬ ‫المهنية‬ ‫السالمة‬ ‫وتعليمات‬ ‫قواعد‬ ‫هى‬ ‫ما‬
‫غيل‬
:
-
‫أ‬
-
‫التشغيل‬ ‫قبل‬
:
1
-
‫متد‬ ‫قطعة‬ ‫كل‬ ‫ونزع‬ ‫سائبة‬ ‫أطرافها‬ ‫تكون‬ ‫ال‬ ‫بحيث‬ ‫المناسبة‬ ‫المالبس‬ ‫ارتداء‬
‫لية‬
.
2
-
‫المناسبة‬ ‫الشخصية‬ ‫الوقاية‬ ‫أدوات‬ ‫ارتداء‬
(
‫نظارات‬
–
‫قفازات‬
–
‫سمع‬ ‫واقيات‬
-
.
3
-
‫فيها‬ ‫األمان‬ ‫وأجهزة‬ ‫اآللة‬ ‫عمل‬ ‫سالمة‬ ‫من‬ ‫التأكد‬
.
4
-
‫لآللة‬ ‫الذاتية‬ ‫وخاصة‬ ‫اإلضاءة‬ ‫وضع‬ ‫من‬ ‫التأكد‬
.
5
-
‫بع‬ ‫تناولها‬ ‫يسهل‬ ‫بحيث‬ ‫لها‬ ‫المخصص‬ ‫المكان‬ ‫في‬ ‫للعمل‬ ‫الالزمة‬ ‫العدة‬ ‫وضع‬
‫عن‬ ‫يدا‬
‫لآللة‬ ‫المتحركة‬ ‫األجزاء‬
6
-
‫التحميل‬ ‫قبل‬ ‫سالمتها‬ ‫من‬ ‫وتأكد‬ ‫اآللة‬ ‫أدر‬
7
-
‫اآللة‬ ‫ساعات‬ ‫معايرة‬
(
‫زيت‬
–
‫حرارة‬
–
‫كهرباء‬
)
‫ب‬
-
‫التشغيل‬ ‫أثناء‬
:
1
-
‫جيد‬ ‫بشكل‬ ‫تعمل‬ ‫القياس‬ ‫أجهزة‬ ‫عمل‬ ‫من‬ ‫التأكد‬
(
‫ضغط‬
–
‫حرارة‬
–
‫زيت‬
–
‫كهرباء‬
) ...
2
-
‫جيد‬ ‫بشكل‬ ‫والمشغوالت‬ ‫القطع‬ ‫ثبت‬
.
3
-
‫اآللة‬ ‫عمل‬ ‫أثناء‬ ‫المشغوالت‬ ‫تناول‬ ‫أو‬ ‫اآللة‬ ‫من‬ ‫متحرك‬ ‫جزء‬ ‫أي‬ ‫إيقاف‬ ‫تحاول‬ ‫ال‬
.
4
-
‫دو‬ ‫اآللة‬ ‫تترك‬ ‫وال‬ ‫اآلخرين‬ ‫مع‬ ‫التحدث‬ ‫وعدم‬ ‫اآللة‬ ‫من‬ ‫مناسب‬ ‫بعد‬ ‫على‬ ‫الوقوف‬
‫ن‬
‫مراقبة‬
5
-
‫المشرف‬ ‫وأبلغ‬ ‫مفاجئ‬ ‫عطل‬ ‫حدوث‬ ‫أو‬ ‫غريب‬ ‫صوت‬ ‫سماع‬ ‫عند‬ ‫فورا‬ ‫اآللة‬ ‫أوقف‬
6
-
‫اآللة‬ ‫دوران‬ ‫أثناء‬ ‫جزئية‬ ‫الصيانة‬ ‫أو‬ ‫والضبط‬ ‫القياس‬ ‫عمليات‬ ‫إجراء‬ ‫عند‬
7
-
‫األمان‬ ‫تجهيزات‬ ‫تعطيل‬ ‫أو‬ ‫رفع‬ ‫عدم‬
What are the occupational safety rules and instructions before and during operation:
A- Before operating:
1- Wearing appropriate clothing so that its edges are not loose and removing every hanging piece.
2 - Wear appropriate personal protective equipment (glasses - gloves - hearing protectors - ...)
3 - Ensure the safety of the machine and its safety devices.
4 - Ensure the lighting status, especially the machine's own.
5- Putting the equipment needed for work in the place designated for it, so that it is easy to handle, away from the moving parts of
the machine
6 - Turn the machine over and make sure it is safe before loading
7 - Calibration of machine hours (oil - heat - electricity)
B - During operation:
1 - Ensure that the measuring devices are working
properly (pressure - temperature - oil - electricity ...)
2 - Fix the pieces and artifacts well.
3 - Do not attempt to stop any moving part of the
machine or eat artifacts while the machine is in
operation.
4- Standing at an appropriate distance from the
machine, not talking to others, and not leaving the
machine unattended
5- Stop the machine immediately upon hearing a
strange sound or a sudden breakdown and inform the
supervisor
6- When measuring and adjusting operations or partial
maintenance are performed while the machine is
running
7 - Not to raise or disable the safety equipment

15. ‫الشخصية‬ ‫العوامل‬ ‫عن‬ ‫الناتجة‬ ‫العمل‬ ‫وإصابات‬ ‫حوادث‬ ‫من‬ ‫والعالج‬ ‫الوقاية‬
:
1
-
‫العمل‬ ‫لوائح‬ ‫على‬ ‫المستمر‬ ‫والتفتيش‬ ‫لتدريب‬ ‫ا‬
‫الصحيح‬ ‫االستخدام‬ ‫والمعدات‬ ‫اآلالت‬ ‫واستخدام‬
.
2
-
‫العامل‬ ‫منها‬ ‫يعاني‬ ‫التي‬ ‫والشخصية‬ ‫النفسية‬ ‫المشكالت‬ ‫حل‬
‫مشكال‬ ‫من‬ ‫التخلصة‬ ‫على‬ ‫ومساعدته‬
‫ته‬
‫واألسرية‬ ‫الشخصية‬ ‫وهمومه‬
.
3
-
‫يتم‬ ‫بحيث‬ ‫الوظيفي‬ ‫للوصف‬ ‫األساسية‬ ‫المبادئ‬ ‫تطبيق‬
‫الذي‬ ‫المكان‬ ‫في‬ ‫المناسب‬ ‫الفرد‬ ‫وضع‬
‫يتناسب‬
‫والسلوكية‬ ‫والبدنية‬ ‫النفسية‬ ‫وقدراته‬ ‫واستعداداته‬
.
4
-
‫فعالة‬ ‫نظم‬ ‫تطبيق‬
‫الجدد‬ ‫العاملين‬ ‫االختيار‬
‫ع‬ ‫والترقية‬ ‫للنقل‬ ‫رشيدة‬ ‫سياسات‬ ‫تصميم‬ ‫وأيضا‬ ،
‫مستوى‬ ‫لى‬
‫ككل‬ ‫المنظمة‬
.
5
-
‫المشكالت‬ ‫حل‬ ‫في‬ ‫المشرفين‬ ‫ومختلف‬ ‫العاملين‬ ‫مشاركة‬
‫مقترحات‬ ‫إلى‬ ‫والتوصل‬
‫ا‬ ‫ترضى‬ ‫بحلول‬
‫لعاملين‬
‫العمل‬ ‫وأصحاب‬ ‫والمشرفين‬
.
Prevention and treatment of work accidents and injuries resulting from personal factors:
1- Training and continuous inspection of work regulations and the correct use of machinery and equipment.
2- Solving the psychological and personal problems that the worker suffers from and helping him to get rid
of his personal and family problems and concerns.
3- Applying the basic principles of the job description so that the appropriate individual is placed in a
position commensurate with his psychological, physical and behavioral aptitudes and abilities.
4- Applying effective systems for selecting new employees, as well as designing rational policies for transfer
and promotion at the level of the organization as a whole.
5- The participation of workers and various supervisors in solving problems and coming up with proposals
for solutions that satisfy workers, supervisors and employers.

16. ‫الفنية‬ ‫العوامل‬ ‫عن‬ ‫الناتجة‬ ‫العمل‬ ‫وإصابات‬ ‫حوادث‬ ‫أسباب‬
:
1
-
‫المصنع‬ ‫إلنشاء‬ ‫المناسب‬ ‫الموقع‬ ‫اختيار‬ ‫عدم‬
‫المالئمة‬ ‫المساحة‬ ‫أو‬ ‫المكان‬ ‫حي‬ ‫من‬ ‫سواء‬
.
2
-
‫وبناء‬ ‫تأسيس‬ ‫في‬ ‫الهندسية‬ ‫المواصفات‬ ‫اتباع‬ ‫عدم‬
‫وعنابرها‬ ‫المصانع‬ ‫وأطوال‬ ‫وارتفاعات‬
‫المختلفة‬
.
3
-
‫سوء‬
‫عملية‬
‫المصنع‬ ‫لمساحات‬ ‫الداخلي‬ ‫التقسيم‬
‫ارتطام‬ ‫إلى‬ ‫يؤدى‬ ‫مما‬ ‫والمخازن‬ ‫والعنابر‬
‫معا‬ ‫والمعدات‬ ‫واآلالت‬ ‫األشخاص‬
ً.
4
-
‫المصنع‬ ‫أرضية‬ ‫على‬ ‫والمعدات‬ ‫لآلالت‬ ‫األساسي‬ ‫الترتيب‬ ‫وضع‬ ‫عملية‬ ‫سوء‬
.
5
-
‫والتهوية‬ ‫لإلضاءة‬ ‫سليمة‬ ‫نظم‬ ‫اتباع‬ ‫عدم‬
‫العمل‬ ‫لطبيعة‬ ‫المالئمة‬ ‫والرطوبة‬
.
6
-
‫والمتفجرات‬ ‫الملتهبة‬ ‫المواد‬ ‫تخزين‬ ‫عملية‬ ‫سوء‬
‫تكون‬ ‫بحيث‬ ،‫لالنفجار‬ ‫القابلة‬ ‫والغازات‬
ً‫ا‬‫مصدر‬
‫والوفاة‬ ‫والحوادث‬ ‫للحرائق‬ ‫خصبا‬
.
Causes of work accidents and injuries resulting from technical factors:
1- Failure to choose the appropriate location for the establishment of the factory, whether from the
neighborhood of the place or the appropriate area.
2- Failure to follow engineering specifications in establishing, building, heights and lengths of factories
and their various hangars.
3- Poor internal division of the factory areas, wards and warehouses, which leads to collision of people,
machines and equipment together.
4- Poor placement of the basic arrangement of machinery and equipment on the factory floor.
5- Failure to follow proper lighting, ventilation and humidity systems appropriate to the nature of
work.
6- Poor storage of inflammable materials, explosives and explosive gases, which are a fertile source for
fires, accidents and death.

17. The Risks to which the worker is exposed
‫العامل‬ ‫لها‬ ‫يتعرض‬ ‫التي‬ ‫المخاطر‬
The worker is exposed to many risks, including those related to the workplace, construction,
and others related to work materials, raw materials, and products.
‫منها‬ ‫المخاطر‬ ‫من‬ ‫للعديد‬ ‫العامل‬ ‫يتعرض‬
‫يتصل‬ ‫ما‬
‫العمل‬ ‫بمكان‬
‫يتعلق‬ ‫ما‬ ‫ومنها‬ ‫االنشاءات‬
‫بمواد‬
‫العمل‬
‫ومنت‬ ‫وخاماته‬
‫جاته‬
First: mechanical risks
Mechanical processes and machines are sources of many risks to workers,
as they result in a large percentage of injuries that cause partial or
permanent disability.
‫أوال‬
:
‫الميكانيكية‬ ‫المخاطر‬
‫تعتبر‬
‫العمليات‬
‫مخاطر‬ ‫مصادر‬ ‫الميكانيكية‬ ‫واآلالت‬
‫إذ‬ ‫العاملين‬ ‫على‬ ‫كثيرة‬
‫نس‬ ‫عنها‬ ‫تنجم‬
‫من‬ ‫كبيرة‬ ‫بة‬
‫التي‬ ‫اإلصابات‬
‫مستديما‬ ‫عجزا‬ ‫أو‬ ‫جزئيا‬ ‫عجزا‬ ‫تسبب‬
Hazards in mechanical works
1- Risks of industrial business (buildings - work equipment and machinery).
2- Risks of engineering construction works.
3- Risks of shipping, transportation and unloading.
‫الميكانيكية‬ ‫األعمال‬ ‫في‬ ‫المخاطر‬
-
1
‫الصناعية‬ ‫األعمال‬ ‫مخاطر‬
(
‫المباني‬
–
‫واآلالت‬ ‫العمل‬ ‫أجهزة‬
.)
-
2
‫الهندسية‬ ‫اإلنشاءات‬ ‫أعمال‬ ‫مخاطر‬
.
-
3
‫والتفريغ‬ ‫والنقل‬ ‫الشحن‬ ‫أعمال‬ ‫مخاطر‬
.

18. 1 18
‫الكهربائية‬ ‫المخاطر‬
‫الطاقة‬ ‫مصادر‬ ‫من‬ ‫أساسي‬ ‫مصدر‬ ‫الكهرباء‬
‫و‬ ‫العصرية‬ ‫الحياة‬ ‫وعصب‬
‫هي‬
‫المختلفة‬ ‫الصناعات‬ ‫في‬ ‫المحركة‬ ‫الطاقة‬
-
‫الكهربائية‬ ‫والتجهيزات‬ ‫التمديدات‬
-
‫الساكنة‬ ‫الكهرباء‬
-
‫العمل‬ ‫موقع‬ ‫مخاطر‬
‫العمل‬ ‫حوادث‬ ‫تخفيف‬ ‫في‬ ‫كبير‬ ‫دوار‬ ‫يلعب‬ ‫فيه‬ ‫اآلالت‬ ‫وترتيب‬ ‫وتوضع‬ ‫العمل‬ ‫موقع‬ ‫إن‬
.
‫يلي‬ ‫ما‬ ‫مرعاة‬ ‫يجب‬ ‫لذا‬
:
1
-
‫واالنهيار‬ ‫للتصدع‬ ‫منعا‬ ‫متينة‬ ‫أرض‬ ‫على‬ ‫مبني‬ ‫العمل‬ ‫موقع‬ ‫يكون‬ ‫أن‬
2
-
‫العمل‬ ‫أداء‬ ‫على‬ ‫الجيد‬ ‫لتأثيرها‬ ‫جيدة‬ ‫والتهوية‬ ‫اإلنارة‬ ‫شروط‬ ‫تكون‬ ‫أن‬
3
-
‫الطاقة‬ ‫مصادر‬ ‫من‬ ‫قريبا‬ ‫يكون‬ ‫أن‬
(
‫كهرباء‬
–
‫بترول‬
–
‫ماء‬
) ...
‫األولية‬ ‫المواد‬ ‫من‬ ‫وقريبا‬
4
-
‫لإلنتاج‬ ‫المنطقي‬ ‫التسلسل‬ ‫يراعي‬ ‫بحيث‬ ‫الصاالت‬ ‫داخل‬ ‫اآلالت‬ ‫ترتيب‬
5
-
‫والمنتج‬ ‫الخام‬ ‫والمواد‬ ‫العمال‬ ‫حركة‬ ‫لتسهيل‬ ‫العمل‬ ‫نوع‬ ‫حسب‬ ‫اآلالت‬ ‫بين‬ ‫فرغات‬ ‫ترك‬
6
-
‫والمخارج‬ ‫الممرات‬ ‫وسالمة‬ ‫نظافة‬
7
-
‫الخطر‬ ‫مناطق‬ ‫تسوير‬
(
‫واالدارج‬ ‫الساللم‬
–
‫الحفر‬
-
) ...
The Electrical hazards
Electricity is an essential source of energy and the backbone of modern life.
It is the driving force in various industries Electrical wiring and equipment - Static electricity Work site hazards The
work site and the placement and arrangement of machines in it play a major role in reducing work accidents.
Therefore, the following must be taken into account:
1- The work site should be built on solid ground to prevent cracking and collapse
2- The lighting and ventilation conditions should be good because they have a good effect on work performance
3 - To be close to energy sources (electricity - oil - water ...) and close to raw materials 4 - Arranging the machines
inside the halls to take into account the logical sequence of production
5 - Leave spaces between the machines according to the type of work to facilitate the movement of workers, raw
materials and the product
6 - Cleanliness and safety of corridors and exits
7 - Fencing of dangerous areas (stairs, staircases, pits - ...)

19. Methods of prevent electrical hazards
‫الكهربائية‬ ‫المخاطر‬ ‫من‬ ‫الوقاية‬ ‫طرق‬
1
-
‫يجب‬
‫عند‬
‫تركيب‬
‫األسالك‬
‫الكهربائية‬
‫غراض‬
‫اإلنارة‬
‫أن‬
‫تكون‬
‫في‬
‫مواسير‬
‫معزولة‬
‫من‬
‫الداخل‬
‫وال‬
‫يجوز‬
‫تركها‬
‫مكشوفة‬
‫حتى‬
‫ال‬
‫تتس‬
‫رب‬
‫إليها‬
‫الرطوبة‬
‫أو‬
‫تؤثر‬
‫فيها‬
‫الحرارة‬
‫وتؤدى‬
‫إلى‬
‫قصر‬
‫كهربائي‬
0
2
-
‫يجب‬
‫أال‬
‫يعقد‬
‫السلك‬
‫المدلى‬
‫لتقصيره‬
‫أو‬
‫يدق‬
‫عليه‬
‫مسامير‬
‫لتقريبه‬
‫من‬
‫الحوائط‬
‫الغراض‬
‫التقصير‬
‫يقطع‬
‫السلك‬
‫حسب‬
‫المق‬
‫اس‬
‫المطلوب‬
0
3
-
‫يجب‬
‫أن‬
‫تكون‬
‫األسالك‬
‫والكابالت‬
‫المستخدمة‬
‫في‬
‫التوصيالت‬
‫الكهربائية‬
‫مناسبة‬
‫للتيار‬
‫المار‬
‫بها‬
‫وتوصيل‬
‫الهياكل‬
‫المعدنية‬
‫لألجهزة‬
‫الكهربائية‬
‫باألرض‬
.
4
-
‫يجب‬
‫عدم‬
‫تحميل‬
‫أي‬
‫مقبس‬
‫كهربائي‬
‫زيادة‬
‫عن‬
‫حده‬
‫وعند‬
‫مالحظة‬
‫أي‬
‫سخونة‬
‫في‬
‫المفاتيح‬
‫أو‬
‫التوصيالت‬
‫الكهربائية‬
‫إبالغ‬
‫الكهر‬
‫بائي‬
‫المختص‬
‫لعمل‬
‫الالزم‬
‫ويجب‬
‫عدم‬
‫القيام‬
‫بأي‬
‫أعمال‬
‫توصيالت‬
‫كهربائية‬
‫أو‬
‫إصالحات‬
‫إال‬
‫بمعرفة‬
‫المختصين‬
‫في‬
‫مجال‬
‫الكهرباء‬
.
5
-
‫توصيل‬
‫األجهزة‬
‫والمعدات‬
‫بمجمع‬
‫ارضي‬
‫استاتيكى‬
‫مناسب‬
‫لتفريغ‬
‫آي‬
‫شحنات‬
‫فور‬
‫تولدها‬
.
6
-
‫يجب‬
‫أن‬
‫تكون‬
‫األسالك‬
‫والكابالت‬
‫المستخدمة‬
‫في‬
‫التوصيالت‬
‫الكهربائية‬
‫مناسبة‬
‫للتيار‬
‫المار‬
‫بها‬
‫وتوصيل‬
‫الهياكل‬
‫المعدنية‬
‫ل‬
‫ألجهزة‬
‫الكهربائية‬
‫باألرض‬
.
7
-
‫بها‬ ‫خاصة‬ ‫حجرة‬ ‫في‬ ‫أو‬ ‫ممكنة‬ ‫مساحة‬ ‫أقل‬ ‫في‬ ‫الكهربائية‬ ‫األجهزة‬ ‫وضع‬ ‫يجب‬
.
1- When installing electrical wires for lighting purposes, they must be in insulated pipes from the inside and may not be left
exposed so that moisture does not penetrate into them or heat affects them and leads to an electrical short.
2- The dangling wire should not be knotted to shorten it or hammer nails on it to bring it closer to the walls for the purpose of
shortening. The wire should be cut according to the required size.
3- The wires and cables used in the electrical connections must be suitable for the current passing through them and for
connecting the metal structures of the electrical appliances to the ground
4- Any electrical socket should not be overloaded, and upon noticing any heat in the switches or electrical connections, the
competent electrician should be informed to do the necessary work. No electrical connections or repairs should be carried out
except with the knowledge of specialists in the field of electricity.
5 - Connecting devices and equipment to a static ground compound suitable for unloading any shipments as soon as they are
generated
. 6- The wires and cables used in electrical connections must be suitable for the current passing through them and for connecting
the metal structures of electrical appliances to the ground.
7- Electrical appliances must be placed in the least possible space or in a room of its own.

20. 1 20
1
-
‫نظام‬
‫تشكيل‬
‫لجان‬
‫ومشرفي‬
‫السالمة‬
‫والصحة‬
‫المهنية‬
‫وفقا‬
‫لمتطلبات‬
‫قانون‬
‫العمل‬
2
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‫نظام‬
‫العناية‬
‫الطبية‬
‫الوقائية‬
‫والعالجية‬
‫للعمال‬
‫في‬
‫المؤسسات‬
‫وفقا‬
‫لمتطلبات‬
‫قانون‬
‫العمل‬
‫تقرير‬
(
1
)
3
-
‫العمل‬ ‫نظام‬ ‫فى‬ ‫الخطر‬ ‫دورة‬ ‫اشرح‬

21. Sheet 1