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AET610 Module I.pptx
- 1. Welcome to Fundamentals of Electric Circuits Eng. Mo’ath AL Hayek
- 4. Revision about ATOMS What is an ATOM ?
- 6. Potential Difference • When these protons, neutrons and electrons are together within the atom they are stable. • But if we separate them from each other they want to reform and start to exert a potential of attraction called a potential difference.
- 7. What is an Electric Circuit
- 8. What is an Electric Circuit? Definition • The electric circuits are closed- loop or paths, forming a network of electrical components where electrons can flow.
- 10. An electric circuit is a closed path which allows the electrons to flow through it continuously. If the circuit is broken, then the current flow cannot occur through it
- 11. Basic Electrical Quantities and Measurements • Electric Voltage • Electric Current • Resistance
- 12. Electric Voltage • Voltage is the potential energy of an electrical supply stored in the form of an electrical charge. • Voltage can be thought of as the force that pushes electrons through a conductor and the greater the voltage the greater is its ability to “push” the electrons through a given circuit. Kinetic Energy / Potential Energy
- 14. Electric Voltage • The difference in voltage between any two points, in a circuit is known as the Potential Difference, commonly called the Voltage Drop
- 15. Electric Voltage • Batteries or power supplies are mostly used to produce a steady D.C. (direct current) voltage source such as 5v, 12v, 24v
- 16. Electric Voltage • A voltmeter is a device that measures the voltage between two points in an electrical circuit. • The value of this voltage is displayed on an analog display or on a digital display
- 18. Electric Current • Electrical Current, (I) is the movement or flow of electrical charge and is measured in Amperes. • It is the continuous and uniform flow of electrons around a circuit that are being “pushed” by the voltage source.
- 19. Electric Current • Ampere is defined as the number of electrons or charge (Q in Coulombs) passing a certain point in the circuit in one second.
- 21. Resistance • Resistance, (R) is the capacity of a material to resist or prevent the flow of current or, more specifically, the flow of electric charge within a circuit. • Resistance is a circuit element measured in Ohms
- 22. Resistance There are two basic types of resistors: fixed and variable
- 24. Resistance Coding • Resistors are specified by their resistance value and their tolerance. • One way to indicate the resistance value and tolerance is color code method. Here we focus on 4 band resistors.
- 32. Ohm’s Law • at a constant temperature, the electrical current flowing through a fixed linear resistance is directly proportional to the voltage applied across it, also inversely proportional to the resistance
- 34. Electrical Power in DC Circuits • Electrical Power, (P) in a circuit is the rate at which energy is absorbed or produced within a circuit. • Light bulbs and heaters for example, absorb electrical power and convert it into either heat, or light, or both. • The higher their value or rating in watts the more electrical power they are likely to consume
- 35. What are the main components of an electric circuit?
- 36. Electric Circuit Components • In general, a circuit has the following components: • 1) A cell or battery: source of electricity • 2) Connecting wires: Act as conductor to flow electric current • 3) Key or switch to control the circuit • 4) Bulb or electric device act as a load to the circuit