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1. Assignment #4
Introduction to grammar
Submitted by:
Ali Raza
Submitted to:
Saeed Ahmed Akhtar
Roll no:
22012120-030
Semester:
BBA1st
Course code:
ENG-101
Topic
“Direct and Indirect”
Direct Speech
Direct speech repeats, or quotes, the exact words spoken. When we use direct speech
in writing, we place the words spoken between quotation marks (" ") and there is no
change in these words. We may be reporting something that's being said NOW (for
example a telephone conversation), or telling someone later about a previous
conversation."
Indirect speech

2. Reported or indirect speech is usually used to talk about the past, so we normally
change the tense of the words spoken. We use reporting verbs like 'say', 'tell', 'ask', and
we may use the word 'that' to introduce the reported words. Inverted commas are not
used.
Examples
1 Direct She says, “I am ill.”
Indirect She says that she is ill.
2 Direct I will study”, Mary said.
Indirect I will study”, said Mary.
3 Direct She said; “The exam is difficult.
Indirect She said the test was difficult.
4 Direct I bought a car.
Indirect He said he bought a car.
5 Direct My parents are very well.
Indirect Alex said that his parents were very well.
6 Direct Please don’t be late.
Indirect He asked their not to be late.
7 Direct I’m living in Texas now.
Indirect Her father said that he was living in London now.
8 Direct I am living in Paris.
Indirect He said that he was living in Paris.
9 Direct My mother isn’t very well.
Indirect She said that her mother wasn’t very well.
10 Direct I need help with my work.
Indirect George said “I need help with my
11 Direct I was walking along the Street.
Indirect He said he had been walking along the Street.
12 Direct I haven’t seen George recently.
Indirect She said that she hadn’t seen George recently.
13 Direct I would help, but…
Indirect He said he would help but…

3. 14 Direct I’m waiting for Michael, she said.
Indirect She said (that) she was waiting for Michael”.
15 Direct They said, “They have taken exercise.”
Indirect They said that they had taken exercise.
16 Direct I can speak perfect Spanish.
Indirect He said he could speak perfect Spanish.
17 Direct I haven’t seen Mary.
Indirect He said he hadn’t seen Mary.
18 Direct What is your name? she asked me.
Indirect She asked me what my name was.
19 Direct I was sleeping when Mary called.
Indirect He said that he had been sleeping when Mary called.
20 Direct Please help me!
Indirect He asked me to help his.
21 Direct It is too late.
Indirect I said it was too late.
22 Direct I had taken Spanish lessons before.
Indirect He said he had taken Spanish lessons before.
23 Direct Did you do your homework?
Indirect He asked me if I did (had done) my homework.
24 Direct Please help me carry this!
Indirect My mother asked me to help her carry that.
25 Direct I like ice cream.
Indirect He said that he liked ice cream.
26 Direct I’II see you later.
Indirect He said he would see me later.
27 Direct I could swim when I was four.
Indirect He said he could swim when he was four.
28 Direct I should call my mother.
Indirect He said he should call her mother.
29 Direct I might be late.

4. Indirect He said he might be late.
30 Direct He said, “I was teaching earlier.”
Indirect He said he had been teaching