The document explains the difference between direct and indirect speech, detailing how to convert direct quotes into reported speech. It outlines rules for commands, statements, and questions, including tense changes and the use of conjunctions. Examples are provided to illustrate these concepts clearly.

1. Direct and Indirect Speech
Chairul Qisti

2.  Directly speech by the person
 Usually use quotation mark (“…”) in the
written text.
Example:
 Tom says, “I am sorry”.
 Tina says, “It doesn’t matter. It’s my fault”.
Direct Speech (Kalimat Langsung)

3. Indirect Speech (Kalimat Tidak Langsung)
 Expressing the content of direct speech
 Without quotation mark
Example:
 He asked me not to do it.
 I wanted to know how you had done the
project.

4. Types of Reported Speech
 Command
 Statement
 Question

5. Command
We can add “to” for positive sentence and “not to” for
negative sentence.
Example:
Direct:
The teacher told his students, “Listen carefully!”.
Indirect:
The teacher told his students to listen carefully.

6. Statement
If the reporting verb in the present (he says,
she asks, he tells, …), we do not change the
tense in Indirect Speech
If the reporting verb in the past (he said, they
asked, …), we change the tense in Indirect
Speech.
We usually add “that” in the sentence.

7.  Example
Mother said, “I am cooking in the
kitchen”.
Mother said that she was cooking in the
kitchen.
Mr. Hans says, “I am a teacher”.
Mr. Hans says that he is a teacher.

8. Question
Yes/ No Question Example
If the reporting verb is in past,
the sentence reported changes.
The conjunction used is
“if/whether”
The interrogative sentence is
changed to be statement.
Yulika asked Satria, “Are you
hungry?”
(Yulika asked Satria if/whether
he was hungry.)
Barbara asked Cheryl, “Do you
have money?”
(Barbara asked Cheryl if/whether
she had money.)

9. WH Question Example
If the reporting verb is in past,
the sentence reported changes.
The conjunction used is the
question word itself.
The interrogative sentence is
changed to be statement.
Mary asked John, “What are you
eating now?”
(Mary asked John what he was
eating then.)

10. Tenses Changes

11. Time Changes

12. Change the sentence below into indirect speech
1. Mr. Jack said to Mary, “I am proud of your
success”.
2. Mrs. Jane said to them, “Be quiet!”
3. Teacher tells to the students, “I will give the daily
test in the next meeting”.
4. John said, “I had sent the letter”.
5. “Is it raining?”, the old lady asked me.
6. “Can I borrow your dictionary?” He asked her.
7. The manager said to us, “Don’t deliver this box to
any body!”
8. “What time do you get up in the morning?”, I asked
her.
9. Mr. Kelly said, “I believe I can fly”.

13. 1. Mr. Jack said to Mary that he was proud of her
success.
2. Mrs. Jane said to them to be quiet.
3. Teacher tells to the students that he/she will give
the daily test in the next meeting.
4. John said that he had sent the letter.
5. The old lady asked me if/whether it was raining.
6. He asked her if/whether he could borrow her
dictionary.
7. The manager told us not to deliver that box to
anybody.
8. I asked her what time she got up in the morning.
9. Mr. Kelly said that he believed he could fly.
10. Ali said that the rain had stopped.