The document discusses the kinetics of the sulfonation process. It notes that sulfonation is an electrophilic aromatic substitution reaction where an arene hydrogen is replaced by a sulfonic acid group. Sulfonation differs from other electrophilic aromatic substitutions in that it is reversible and the reaction temperature can influence the position of the entering group. The kinetics of sulfonation are affected by temperature, pressure, concentrations, mass and volume flow rates, and velocity. Temperature especially can influence the reaction's reactivity and parameters.

1. Sulfonation Process
Kinetics of Sulfonation Process

2. • Aromatic sulfonation is an organic
reaction in which a hydrogen atom on
an arene is replaced by a sulfonic
acid functional group in an electrophilic
aromatic substitution.[1]
• Aryl sulfonic acids are used
as detergents, dye, and drugs

3. Kinetics of Sulfonation Process
• Aromatic sulfonation like Nitration,
Halogenation, alkylation, and acylation is a
typical electrophillic substitution reaction.
• Sulfonation how ever differ from these
marked respects,
• Reversible
• Reaction temperature can influence on the
position of the entering group

4. Kinetics of Sulfonation
• Temperature
• Pressure
• Concentration
• Mass flow rate
• Volume flow rate
• Velocity

5. Kinetics of sulfonation process
• Temperature can influence the reactivity and
effect all parameters of the reaction
• Rate of reaction can be varied with
composition and nature of reaction.
• The mas transfer, heat transfer, and
momentum transport having gradient is
concentration difference,temperature
difference, Velocity difference simultaneously.

6. • These characteristics have tended to
complicate studies of the reaction mechanism
and rate of sulfonation.
• Other factors having the same effect are the
tendency of sulfor tri oxide to form a complex
with the sulfonic acids.

7. Kinetics of sulfonation process
• When sulfuric acid is used as the sulfonating
agent, the formation of water slows the
reaction to such degree that rate studies can
often be made only during the initial stages.
• With so3, The high speed of the reaction
presents a problem.

8. Thank You