Project management

1. CHAPTER-6
PROJECT IMPLEMENTATION

2. What is Project implementation???
• Project implementation means execution of project plan as per
project schedule. Project planning determines project activities.
What will be cost of project, amount of resources are required and
number of workforces are required to complete a project. Project
schedule determines series of activities to be carried out for
completing a project. Project implementation means
implementation of project activities as per schedule of project
planning.
• Main objectives of effective implementation of project are
completion of project with in time allocate and within budget
allocate with due conformation to requirement.

3. Stages of project implementation
.

4. Contd…
01. Initiating the project: Initiating is the first step of a project. It has
similarities with primary stage from different aspect of project
implementation. The main task of this stage is selecting project manager and
getting approval of planning, techniques, budgets, and schedule of the
project from the appropriate authority. Required contract have to sign for
the financing and technical assistance with other party, if it is necessary.
Selecting a competent project manager is very much significant matter. A
project manager should have many qualities for the successful
implementation of project. Such as consciousness about the environment of
project and parent organization, mentality to accept the modern
management concept, adaptation with the changing environment of the
project, effective communication and capability to motivate others etc. That
is why some organization likes to employ an experienced employee of parent
organization as a project manager.

5. Contd…
02. Clarifying Authority, Responsibility and Relationship: In these case organizational
identifications of the concerning people are to be interpreted. Who are engaged for
doing the specific work, the amount of power or responsibility, the relations with each
others are described in this stage clearly. For avoiding the misunderstanding and conflict
among to the concerned people of the project about their authority and responsibility,
there need to be clear explanation about the following aspects:
• Who have power of changing schedule of the project?
• Under whose person or persons have the decision power for using alternative assets
instead of predetermined assets of the project?
• Who can make the end of the project before completing it?
• Who have the authority on the “CONTINGENCY FUND”?
• Who can change the objectives of the project?
• Who are engaged for collecting the required assets or information?
• What number or numbers the term paper will be needed and on whom it distributed?

6. Contd…
03. Specifying and scheduling the work: In this stage, project planning is details
analysis. Each project identifies specifically and determines relationships among
functions. To explain details under this steps who, when, where, how do the job and
require how time for the job etc. Total works of project classify primary and secondary
divisions. As a result it is easily to guess time duration for each work and quantity of
assets. Under project implementation stage perform some other important functions
which are describe below-
• Prepare final technological parameter.
• Select instruments.
• Prepare layouts.
• Identify infrastructure.
• Acceptance of tender and give order.
• Collect supplies and establish machinery.
• Manpower training etc.

7. Contd…
04. Obtaining resources: In this stage, necessary resource is
collected from different sources. At any given time, the firm may
have a fixed level of various resources available for its projects. The
fixed resources might include labor-hours of various types of special
professional or technical services. Machine-hours of various types
machinery or instrumentation hours of computing time specialized
locations and scare resources needed for accomplishing projects
tasks.
Resources using in a project can be divided into there type. These
are
– Personnel
– Finance
– Materials & Equipments

8. Contd….
05. Establishing control system: In this stage
the following steps will be taken
– Determinate the target.
– Measurement of actual performance.
– Identifying deviation.
– Taking amendment step.
– Taking effective provision
– Establish sophisticate control system.

9. Contd…
06. Directing and controlling: Direction is given to the employees
after establishing the controlling system in a project. It means that
order advise and indications given for the execution that when and
how will be performed. It is mentioned before that the internal
environment of a project is different than other organization’s
environment. The direction should be given in such a way so that
the employees spontaneously do their job and do not feel boring
their job. In the case of direction the project manager have to
consider mental and humanistic side of employees. Project
manager have to take care whether the execution is going on in
well manner or not. He has to take corrective action if there is any
difference between what is going on and what should be done.

10. Impediments to project implementation
• Improper project planning.
• Lack of planner experience skill
• Insufficient right information.
• Delay receives permission from
concerned authority.
• Political unrest
• Appointment of unskilled worker.
• Improper distribution of work and
responsibility
• Delay receiving foreign finance &
technological help.
• More Transfer and turnover.
• Deficit manpower
• Excessive manpower
• Change of specific agency.
• Misunderstanding with one
another
• Lack of effective technique.
• Luck of sufficient raw materials.
• Lack of financial resources.
• Change of Govt. rules and
regulation
• Fault accounting system.
• Less monitoring
• Lack of efficient direction &
controlling.
• Different accident during project
implementation.
• Reluctance use of modern
management techniques.
• Lack of effective communication
• More & more change of design
drawing
• Natural disaster

11. Guidelines for effective implementation of
projects
• Inadequacy of resources is a great problem in implementing the
project whether it is private or government.
• The time schedule must be well-designed and it must be
maintained strictly
• If necessary, the prevailing working process can be changed
somewhat with remaining the same time schedule. Such as
decentralization of power and delegation of authority etc.
• Prior to the implementation of the project a comprehensive
analysis relating the location of project, necessary raw-materials,
technology must be conducted.
• There should be an arrangement of modern system in order to
collect process and supply information regarding the advancement
of project implementation.

12. Contd…
• Making such a situation in where the assigned persons
willingly attempt to achieve the goal of project.
• It is not reasonable to take a contract of extending the
project before its entire completion.
• In case of implementing government project mutual
understanding and co-operation are essential among
the concerned authorities
(Ministry/Department/Agency)
• Regular monitoring and evaluating are essential in
order to check the status of project and if there is any
deviation, necessary steps should be taken.