Urinary tract infections are common bacterial infections that can occur during pregnancy. The document defines UTIs during pregnancy and discusses the types, causes, symptoms, risk factors, tests, treatments, nursing management, prevention, and complications of UTIs when pregnant. Escherichia coli is often the cause and symptoms can include painful urination, foul smelling urine, and lower abdominal pain. It is important to properly diagnose and treat UTIs during pregnancy to prevent potential complications like premature birth, kidney infection, or sepsis.
3. Introduction
Urinary Tract Infection (UTI) are the
most common acquired bacterial
infections with more than 7 million
cases reported annually in the united
states.
E. Coli is the etiological agent in UTI
cases. Incidence of UTI in females
varies during stage of menstrual cycle,
pregnancy and menopause.
3
4. Definition of UTI
UTI defined as multiplication of organisms in the
urinary tract infection.
Definition of UTI in pregnancy
Urinary tract infection is one of the most common
bacterial infections, it can be defined as the presence
of pathological microorganisms in the urinary tract
infection in pregnancy
4
5. Types of Urinary Tract Infection
1. Lower UTI: Cystitis and
urethritis
2. Upper UTI: Infection of
Kidneys, pelvis and ureter
5
6. Causative Agent of Urinary Tract
Infection in Pregnancy
1. Escherichia coli
2. Klebsiella pneumonia
3. Staphylococcus
saprophyticus
4. Proteus mirabilis
5. Enterobacter species
6
7. Clinical Features of Urinary Tract
Infection in Pregnancy
โข Painful urination (burning
sensation)
โข Hot and foul smelling urine
โข Blood in urine
โข Fever (sometimes with
chills)
โข Painful lower abdomen
โข Nausea and vomiting
7
8. Risk Factor of Urinary Tract Infection
in Pregnancy
1. Diabetes mellitus
2. Increasing age
3. Neurologic problems
4. Neurogenic bladder
5. Sexual activity
6. Low socio economic
status
7. Anaemia
8
9. Investigation of Urinary Tract Infection
in Pregnancy
1. Urine for CS
2. Urine for R/M/E (urinary
tract infections, kidney
disorders)
3. Urinalysis
4. Ultrasonography
5. Visual bladder and urethra
Examination
9
10. Medical Management of Urinary Tract
Infection in Pregnancy
1. Prophylactic measure for recurrent UTI:
โข Intake of plenty of fluid (>21/day)
โข Regular emptying of bladder
โข Washing of perineum in female from front to
back after defaecation
โข Avoiding of constipation, which may impair
bladder emptying
โข Good personal hygiene
โข Prophylactic antibiotic
10
11. Nursing Management of Urinary Tract
Infection in Pregnancy
Nursing Assessment:
โข History taking
โข Assess personal hygiene
โข Assess urine color, volume, concentration and odor
Nursing Diagnosis:
โข Acute pain related to infection
โข Deficient knowledge related to infection
Nursing Interventions:
โข Relieving pain: The pain associated with UTI is relieved by analgesic. Antispasmodie agents may
also be useful in relieving pain. The patient is encouraged to drink plenty of fluid
โข Monitoring and managing potential complications: Early recognition of UTI and prompt treatment are
essential to prevent recurrent infection and the possibility of complications such as renal failure,
sepsis and obstruction.
11
12. Evaluation of Urinary Tract Infection in
Pregnancy
โข Reduce Inflammation
โข Reduce pain
โข Reduce burning sensation
12
13. Prevention of Urinary Tract Infection in
Pregnancy
1. Drink Plenty of water
2. Wash carefully around the genitals andanus
3. Empty bladder fully when urinating
4. Urinate after sexual intercourse
5. Use topical estrogen
6. Pass urine whenever the urge
7. Urinate before and after having sex
13
15. Conclusion
Urinary tract infection are the 2nd most common bacterial
infection. Women are the most infected subjects in the
population. Development of resistance by the bacterial
result in problems during the treatment and lead to
relapse or recurrence.
15