This document discusses communications in organizations and digital information processing. It defines information processing as the acquisition, organization, and dissemination of digitized information using computers and networks. Telecommunications is defined as the electronic exchange of voice, data, and video over significant distances using networks like WANs, telephone networks, and broadcast networks. The document outlines different types of communication networks used in organizations like vertical, chain, circuit, wheel/spoke, and star networks. It provides characteristics of effective communication networks and discusses managing communication through developing a comprehensive strategy that identifies audiences, message types, and vehicles for delivery while considering legal issues.
3. DIGITAL INFORMATION PROCESSING &
TELECOMUNICATIONS
Information processing
- the acquisition, recording, organization,
retrieval, display, and dissemination of
information. In recent years, the term has often
been applied to computer-based operations
specifically.
- the manipulation of digitized information by
computers and other digital electronic
4. DIGITAL INFORMATION PROCESSING &
TELECOMUNICATIONS
Information processing
equipment, known collectively as information
technology (IT). Information processing systems
include business software, operating systems,
computers, networks and mainframes.
Digital
Relating to or utilizing devices constructed or
working by the methods or principles of Electronics.
5. DIGITAL INFORMATION PROCESSING &
TELECOMUNICATIONS
Telecommunications/telecom - the exchange of
information over significant distances by
electronic means and refers to all types of voice,
data and video transmission. This is a broad term
that includes a wide range of information-
transmitting technologies and communications
infrastructures
6. DIGITAL INFORMATION PROCESSING &
TELECOMUNICATIONS
Types of telecommunications networks:
• Corporate and academic wide area networks
(WANs);
• Telephone networks;
• Cellular networks;
• Police and fire communications systems;
• Taxi dispatch networks;
• Groups of amateur (ham) radio operators; and
9. COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
•A communication network refers to how
information flows within the organization.
Information within an organization generally
flows through a system, rather than being a free
flow. Communication networks are regular
patterns of person-to-person relationships
through which information flows in an
organization.
10. COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
Types of Communication Network
•Vertical Network
•Chain Network
•Circuit Network
•Wheel or Spoke Network
•Star Network
11. Vertical Network
The communication which
passes from one person or
process to another person or
process in a vertical pattern. It
can happen either in the top to
bottom or bottom to top
format. This communication
provides an immediate
12. Vertical Network
response as the receiver
receives the information faster
than any other network. We
can call this network as a
formal network. The best
example is the communication
between top level and bottom
level employees.
14. Chain Network
This network is in a
hierarchical level and follows a
series of commands. Here
bottom to top communication
does not happen. Superiors
ordering the subordinates is
the best example of this type
of network. Also, the leader
15. Chain Network
leading the group of people is
an example of Chain Network.
The message has to reach from
top-level to bottom level
without any alteration of
meaning or words. Care should
be taken to avoid the same.
This network is not fast and
17. Circuit Network
When the communication
between two people happens
simultaneously in a circuit is
called Circuit Network. Though
it works like Vertical
Network, there are no
superiors or subordinates or at
least not considered like
18. Circuit Network
them. Here the
communication is a two-way
communication. The
messaging or information
reception is continuous, and
the people involved can be at
the same hierarchical level.
19. Wheel or Spoke Network
The commands or information
is from a single superior and
subordinates form a wheel in
the network. The entire
network is highly centralized
format and expects immediate
feedback once the message is
given to the receiver. And due
20. Wheel or Spoke Network
to this, we can call this
communication as a type of
micromanagement. This
network is an improved form
of Chain Network. Since the
information is received directly
from the central authority,
there is no chance of
21. Wheel or Spoke Network
miscommunication and the
communication is very
powerful. Startups mostly use
this type of network.
22. Star Network
Several people are involved in
this network and the process
forms a star shape. This
network enables people to
communicate with each other
or with people who are
involved in the same process.
This network can be
23. Star Network
considered as a development
of a wheel network with no
central person to control the
way of communication. All are
free to communicate with each
other. No restrictions are
present to block the
communication between
24. Star Network
people in the process.
Teamwork is built using this
communication. A WhatsApp
group which is related to work
is a good example of Star
Network.
25. Characteristics of Communication Network
•The information to be passed or the message to
be shared among the people in the same
network should be clear and should be free from
any jargon. Active voice should be preferred,
and the message should be in simple words and
short. If the message is long, it is better to
transfer the message with bulleted points.
•The message has to be concise which only then
26. Characteristics of Communication Network
the listener be careful to read with full attention
and with no loss of concentration. Long or
lengthy messages should be avoided at any cost.
People will not have enough patience to read the
entire message if it is elaborated with very less
meaningful words.
•The message passed should be explained well
with concrete information. False messages
27. Characteristics of Communication Network
should not be passed in any case which leads to
communication mishaps.
•The messages should be passed in relevant
order. It is not good if the message is passed
saying the end in the beginning or finishing the
message without full information. The receiver
will understand the message in a wrong manner
which will lead to conflicts and the ideas will
28. Characteristics of Communication Network
differ. The information should be passed
between persons in a logical, sequential and
well-planned manner. Hence this part has to be
concentrated well.
•The transmitter person should be honest,
respecting others and open with the listener at
the bottom level or end of the conversation. The
transmitter should be considerate with the
29. Characteristics of Communication Network
listener and should use polite words. The
messenger should not be rude at all as the rude
messenger will not find any receptors for his
information even if the information is important.
The messenger should not be a racist and should
never use such terms while passing the
information. All the persons in the other end
receiving the information should be considered
30. Characteristics of Communication Network
equal and should never use inconsiderate words
while transmitting the information.
•The listener also plays an important role in the
communication network. They should
understand the information very well and
should clarify the same if possible. The message
should be detected from the mixed words, non-
verbal actions should be analyzed well, practical
31. Characteristics of Communication Network
to understand the problems and mature enough
to act according to the information.
•Care should be there from the listener’s side to
focus the message when it is sent from the other
end. Miscommunication should not happen.
•Emotions should be controlled while passing
information. The listener should not use his
knowledge to pass information to other people
33. MANAGING COMMUNICATION
•The Importance of a Comprehensive
Communication Strategy
•Building a Communication Strategy
•Audience
•Vehicles and Approaches
•Types of Messages
•Legal Issues
34. The Importance of a Comprehensive
Communication Strategy
•Communicate consistent messages.
•Establish a recognizable employment brand.
•Deliver messages from the top that are
congruent with the organization's mission,
vision and culture
35. Building a Communication Strategy
Effective communication strategies:
•Safeguard credibility to establish loyalty and
build trust.
•Maintain consistency to establish a strong
employment brand.
•Listen to employees and to members of the
leadership team.
•Seek input from all constituencies.
36. Building a Communication Strategy
•Provide feedback.
•Prepare managers in their roles as organizational
leaders.
37. Building a Communication Strategy
A communication strategy includes the following
elements:
•Highly effective strategies that are often top-
down, with senior management setting the tone
for a cascading series of messages.
•A budget that allows for the use of various types
of communication vehicles depending on the
message to be delivered and any unique issues
38. Building a Communication Strategy
associated with it.
•A process by which leaders evaluate any
particular situation driving the need to
communicate and from which key messages will
emerge.
•A method for generating feedback and using it
to shape follow-up messages.
•A customized delivery approach with
40. Audience
•Identifying audience issues is a key task in
ensuring effectiveness in any communication
strategy. The audience may include everyone
who influences or is influenced by the
information being shared. For the most effective
communication, audience size must also be
appropriate given the information being shared
and whether interaction will be permitted.
41. Vehicles and Approaches
Organizational leaders have many options,
including the following, when selecting a
communication vehicle
• Face-to-face communication
• Electronic media
• Meetings
• Printed materials
• Webinars
42. Vehicles and Approaches
When selecting the best communication vehicle,
organizational leaders should consider:
• Timing
• Location
• Message
43. Types of Messages
•The type of message sent is a major factor in
choosing the appropriate communication
channel.
44. Legal Issues
•Some communications come with legal
constraints and/or guidelines that impact the
message being delivered or how the employer
delivers the information.
45. Communication Management
Do's and Don'ts
• Do have a communications plan in place
• Do set communication expectations early
• Do be clear and direct
• Do know your audience
• Do be supportive of your project team
• Don’t be passive-aggressive.
• Don’t micromanage the project process.
• Don’t rely on electronic communications.
