1. Introduction to DRR and MCR2030 (Sanjaya Bhatia, UNDRR) - 8 June 2021.pdf

© UNDRR – United Nations Office for Disaster Risk Reduction
With the support of
Introduction to DRR and the MCR2030

Exposure x Vulnerability
hazard x
= Disaster Risk
a simple picture of disaster risk
Towards Resilience

Understanding Risk

Disaster trends:
impact in
numbers

Private Sector Perceptions of Risk: 2020 World Economic Forum Risk Report
The Global Risks Report 2020
15th Edition, World Economic Forum

Development
disrupted

A Changing Environment
▪ Intensifying disaster trends & more frequent events
▪ Resource scarcity and degradation (land, water, food, energy,
biodiversity)
▪ Increasing risk of “unchecked” urbanization coupled with
high exposure of population and assets in high risk areas.
▪ Increasing governance challenges, coordination, accountability,
legislations, institutional mechanisms, migration, conflict, all affecting
human security
▪ Equity, poverty, inclusion – all being fundamental development
challenges contributing to vulnerability
▪ Inter-dependency and complexity of risk drivers
▪ Climate change [extreme events, slow onset disasters (drought)]

▪ World Bank estimate: ‘about 100 million people will likely fall into
poverty due to the impact of the pandemic.
▪ Many of these “new poor” will be people living in cities.
▪ Additionally, local authorities are expected to have 15% to 25% less
revenues in 2021 due to the acute economic contraction
▪ COVID-19 pandemic demonstrates cities need to transition to a
‘new normal’
▪ Local authorities can use this as an opportunity - shape new and
innovative policies that strengthen health systems, improve social
protection, pursue climate-friendly solutions, and continue on the
pathway towards resilience

Towards System Risk Governance
“Innovation curve” – from destructive to regenerative approaches
The Global Assessment Report on Disaster Risk Reduction (GAR), 2019

• Adopted at the Third UN World Conference on
Disaster Risk Reduction on March 18, 2015
• Endorsed by the UN General Assembly on May 15,
2015.
• 15-year, voluntary, non-binding agreement with
4 Priorities for Action and 7 Global Targets
• Recognizes that the State has the primary role to
reduce disaster risk but that responsibilities are to be
shared with other stakeholders including local
government and the private sector.
Intended outcome:
The substantial reduction of disaster risk and losses in lives, livelihoods and
health and in the economic, physical, social, cultural and environmental assets of
persons, businesses, communities and countries.
The Sendai Framework for
Disaster Risk Reduction 2015-2030

2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development

Perspective: Resilience is a process, with multiple timescales.
▪ Some resilience functions play out over many years. Others require real time
response.
Multi-
Decades
Decade
Sub-
decade
→ Years
Months
→Week
s
Days→
Hours
Hours→
Days
Weeks
→
Months
Years→
Sub
decade
Long run risk
prediction (eg
climate impacts,
earthquake risk
Long run
exposure
predictions –
eg urban
boundaries
Land use
decisions
Consumptio
n patterns
Major
infrastructure
hardening and
duplication
Production
methods
Building code
revisions
Emergency
planning and
simulation
Corporate
risk
assessment
and
mitigation
Building
public
awareness,
drills
(Monitoring
of famines,
droughts)
Seasonal
weather
forecasting
(eg
hurricanes)
Pre-
positioning
supplies
Pre-event
maintenanc
e (eg storm
drains)
Evacuation
and
property
securing
Enhanced
law and
order
presence
Event
tracking
and alerts
Impact
tracking
First
respons
e
Survivor
search
Debris
removal
Emergenc
y shelter,
food, first
aid,
power
Restarting
infrastructu
re
Loss
adjustments
, insurance
payments
Short run
economic
reboot
Rebuilding,
economic
recovery
Finding the
“new normal”
– changed
social norms,
business
methods,
transport
methods etc.
Learn and improve

Resilience embraces chronic stresses and acute
events

Resilience must embrace “systems of systems”
▪ Cities and communities are
complex because they are where
multiple systems interact.
▪ Connections abound both causal,
and those related to resources and
data.
▪ Often, those connections can be a
source of strength and resilience.
▪ However, connections can be
missed, and some may only
emergent when a disaster happens.
▪ This reduces resilience, because
unforeseen consequences occur
that may be disastrous.
Energy, Fuel
Water,
sanitation
Protective
infrastructure
Telecommuni-
cations, data
Food storage
and delivery
Healthcare,
public health
Ecosystem
services
Social systems
Public
safety
Mass & private
transportation,

Making Cities Resilient 2030
January 2021 – December 2030

Global Launch: 30 May 2010,
Bonn, Germany
Engaged with 4360 cities globally
Certificate of Commitment
to Disaster Resilience
MCR Campaign Launched in May 2010

Learning from 10 years of MCR Campaign
▪ The resilience journey of cities is unique
▪ Synergies of partners help cities achieve greater resilience
▪ DRR and resilience strategies cannot be stand-alone
▪ Cities need access to different tools, partners and services at different
stages of their resilience journey
▪ Access to financing is one of the biggest hurdles for building resilience
for cities
▪ Cities are the best teachers
▪ Vertical integration between national and local governments contributes
towards sustainability
▪ The private sector needs to be brought in

MCR2030 Strategic Objectives – Sendai Framework and
SDG11
Strategic objectives:
1. Improve cities’ understanding of risk and secure their commitment to local
disaster risk reduction & resilience [Know Better]
2. Strengthen cities’ capacity to develop local strategies/plans to enhance resilience
[Plan better]
3. Support cities to implement local strategies/plans to enhance resilience
[Implement better]
Cross cutting objectives include:
▪ strengthening vertical links between local government with the national
governments and national associations of local governments
▪ strengthening horizontal links amongst local partners to ensure sustainability
▪ connecting cities with cities to learn and share
18

19

▪ MCR2030 is an initiative co-owned and co-delivered by Core Partners
▪ Development agencies, non-governmental organizations (NGOs)/civil society
organizations (CSOs), academia and research institutions, media, and others, are
encouraged to join as Supporting Entities
▪ Service providers can offer fee based technical support and advice to cities
▪ Includes - services to cities including risk assessments, capacity to update
building codes and land use plans, climate change scenarios for the city, bond
rating (and issuance) service for municipal finance, city ranking indices, research
and others.
▪ A registry is available to connect service providers with cities - Dashboard
20
Partners

21
mcr2030.undrr.org

With the support of
Thank You
Sanjaya Bhatia
bhatia1@un.org
UNDRR
Global Education and Training Institute (GETI) & ONEA
175 Art Center-daero,
Yeonsu-gu, Incheon
Republic of Korea

1. Introduction to DRR and MCR2030 (Sanjaya Bhatia, UNDRR) - 8 June 2021.pdf

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