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Lista 1 - Bases Matemáticas (Última versão: 13/6/2017 - 17:40)
Equações e Inequações
1 — De um recipiente cheio de água tiram-
se 2
3 do seu conteúdo. Colocando 30 litros de
água o conteúdo passa a ocupar a metade do
volume inicial. Determine a capacidade do re-
cipiente.
2 — Determine o domı́nio e resolva as se-
guintes equações em R
a)
x
x − 2
+
4
x − 1
= 5
b)
2
x2 − 1
−
x
x − 1
= 1
3 — Determine o domı́nio e resolva as se-
guintes equações em Z
a)
x + 1
x − 1
+
4 − x
x
= 4
b)
2
x(x − 2)
= 1 +
x − 1
x − 2
4 — A equação
2
x2 − 1
+
1
x + 1
= −1
a) Tem apenas uma raiz real
b) Tem duas raı́zes reais cuja soma é 1
c) Não possui raı́zes reais
d) Tem três raı́zes reais cuja soma é 1
e) Admite 4 como raiz
5 — Determine o domı́nio e resolva as se-
guintes equações em R
a)
√
x = 2x
b)
√
x = −2x
c)
√
3 − x = x − 3
d)
√
x + 1 = 8 −
√
3x + 1
e) 1 +
√
3x + 5 = x
f)
√
4x − 3 +
√
5x − 1 =
√
15x + 4
g)
3
√
x + 34 − 3
√
x − 3 = 1
6 — A soma das raı́zes da equação
√
3x − 2 =
√
x + 2 é igual a
a) 6
b) 7
c) 8
d) 9
e) 10
7 — Resolva as equações abaixo (em R)
usando as substituições indicadas. Observe
o domı́nio de cada variável uma e teste as
soluções encontradas.
a) x4 − 10x2 = −21 [u = x2]
b) x4 − 4x2 = 21 [u = x2]
c) x − 4
√
x = −3 [u =
√
x]
d) 2x + 3 = 7
√
x [u =
√
x]
e) x = 6 −
√
x [u =
√
x]
f) 2x2/3 − 5x1/3 − 3 = 0 [u = x1/3]
8 — Encontrar todos os números reais x
tais que:
a) 4 − x < 3 − 2x
b) 5 − x2 < 8
c) 5 − x2 < −2
d) (x − 1)(x − 3) ≥ 0
e) x2 − 2x + 2 > 0
f) x2 − x + 10 < 16
g)
1
x
+
1
1 − x
> 0
h)
x − 1
x + 1
> 0
i) (x + 1)(x − 2)3(x − 7)(x2 + 7) ≥ 0
j) (x + 1) (3 − x) (x − 2)2
≥ 0
k) (x + 1) (3 − x) (x − 2)2
≤ 0
9 — Determine o domı́nio e resolva as se-
guintes inequações em R
a) x3 − 2x2 − 3x ≤ 0
b)
x2 − 16
x + 1
< 0
c)
x2 − 2x − 3
x2 + 2x + 1
≥ 0
d)
x2 + x + 1
x2 − 2x − 3
≤ 0
10 — Determine o domı́nio e resolva em R
as seguintes desigualdades:
a)
1
x − 1
≥ 1
b)
1
1 − x
≥ 1
c)
1
2 − x
+
5
2 + x
< 1
d)
2x − 5
x2 − 6x − 7
<
1
x − 3
e)
2 − x2
1 − x
< x
f)
x + 1
x − 3
≤
x − 2
x + 4
11 — Determine o domı́nio (em R) e o
conjunto-solução das inequações
a)
√
x + 2 < 3
b)
√
2x + 3 − 3 ≥ 0
c) 3
√
3x − 1 − 2 ≤ 0
d)
√
x + 2x < 0
e)
√
x > x − 2
f)
√
x8 + 8 < −1 + x − x2
g)
√
x2 − 2x − 8 > x − 2
h)
√
1 − 3x −
√
5 + x > 0
i) 4
√
x > 3
√
x
j)
q
4 −
√
1 − x −
√
2 − x > 0
2
Respostas dos Exercı́cios
1 180 litros
2 a.) Dom = {x ∈ R | x , 1, x , 2}; Sol = {
3
2
, 3}
b.) Dom = {x ∈ R | x , 1, x , −1}; Sol = {−
3
2
}
3 a.) Dom = {x ∈ Z | x , 0, x , 1}; Sol = {2}
b.) Dom = {x ∈ Z | x , 0, x , 2}; Sol = ∅
4 Item (a)
5 a.) Dom = {x ∈ R | x ≥ 0}; Sol = {0, 1
4}
b.) Dom = {x ∈ R | x ≥ 0}; Sol = {0}
c.) Dom = {x ∈ R | x ≤ 3}; Sol = {3}
d.) Dom = {x ∈ R | x ≥ − 1
3 }; Sol = {8}
e.) Dom = {x ∈ R | x ≥ −5
3 }; Sol = {5+
√
41
2 }
f.) Dom = {x ∈ R | x ≥ 3
4 }; Sol = {
43+3
√
269
22 }
g.) Dom = R; Sol = {−61, 30}
6 Item (d)
7 a.) Sol = {−
√
3,
√
3, −
√
7,
√
7}
b.) Sol = {−
√
7,
√
7}
c.) Sol = {1, 9}
d.) Sol = {
1
4
, 9}
e.) Sol = {4}
f.) Sol = {−
1
8
, 27}
8 a.) x ∈ (−∞, −1)
b.) x ∈ R
c.) x ∈ (−∞, −
√
7) ∪ (
√
7, +∞)
d.) x ∈ (−∞, 1] ∪ [3, +∞)
e.) x ∈ R
f.) x ∈ (−2, 3)
g.) x ∈ (0, 1)
h.) x ∈ (−∞, −1) ∪ (1, +∞)
i.) x ∈ [−1, 2] ∪ [7, +∞)
j.) x ∈ [−1, 3]
k.) x ∈ (−∞, −1] ∪ {2} ∪ [3, +∞)
9 a.) Dom = R; Sol = (−∞, −1] ∪ [0, 3]
b.) Dom = R{−1}; Sol = (−∞, −4) ∪ (−1, 4)
c.) Dom = R{−1}; Sol = (−∞, −1) ∪ [3, +∞)
d.) Dom = R{−1, 3}; Sol = (−1, 3)
10 a.) Dom = R{1}; Sol = (1, 2]
b.) Dom = R{1}; Sol = [0, 1)
c.) Dom = R{−2, 2}; Sol = (−∞, −2) ∪ (2, +∞)
d.) Dom = R{−1, 3, 7}; Sol = (−∞, −1) ∪ (3, 7)
e.) Dom = R{1}; Sol = (1, 2)
f.) Dom = R{−4, 3}; Sol = (−∞, −4) ∪ [
1
5
, 3)
11 a.) Dom = [−2, +∞); Sol = [−2, 7)
b.) Dom = [−
3
2
, +∞); Sol = [3, ∞)
c.)Dom = R; Sol = (−∞, 3]
d.)Dom = [0, +∞); Sol = ∅
e.)Dom = [0, +∞); Sol = [0, 4)
f.)Dom = R; Sol = ∅
g.)Dom = (−∞, −2] ∪ [4, +∞); Sol = (−∞, −2] ∪
(6, +∞)
h.)Dom = [−5,
1
3
]; Sol = [−5, −1]
i.)Dom = [0, +∞); Sol = (0, 1)
j.)Dom = [−15, 1]; Sol = *
,
−5 +
√
13
2
, 1






3

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Lista-1-Equações-e-Inequações.pdf

  • 1. Lista 1 - Bases Matemáticas (Última versão: 13/6/2017 - 17:40) Equações e Inequações 1 — De um recipiente cheio de água tiram- se 2 3 do seu conteúdo. Colocando 30 litros de água o conteúdo passa a ocupar a metade do volume inicial. Determine a capacidade do re- cipiente. 2 — Determine o domı́nio e resolva as se- guintes equações em R a) x x − 2 + 4 x − 1 = 5 b) 2 x2 − 1 − x x − 1 = 1 3 — Determine o domı́nio e resolva as se- guintes equações em Z a) x + 1 x − 1 + 4 − x x = 4 b) 2 x(x − 2) = 1 + x − 1 x − 2 4 — A equação 2 x2 − 1 + 1 x + 1 = −1 a) Tem apenas uma raiz real b) Tem duas raı́zes reais cuja soma é 1 c) Não possui raı́zes reais d) Tem três raı́zes reais cuja soma é 1 e) Admite 4 como raiz 5 — Determine o domı́nio e resolva as se- guintes equações em R a) √ x = 2x b) √ x = −2x c) √ 3 − x = x − 3 d) √ x + 1 = 8 − √ 3x + 1 e) 1 + √ 3x + 5 = x f) √ 4x − 3 + √ 5x − 1 = √ 15x + 4 g) 3 √ x + 34 − 3 √ x − 3 = 1 6 — A soma das raı́zes da equação √ 3x − 2 = √ x + 2 é igual a a) 6 b) 7 c) 8 d) 9 e) 10 7 — Resolva as equações abaixo (em R) usando as substituições indicadas. Observe o domı́nio de cada variável uma e teste as soluções encontradas. a) x4 − 10x2 = −21 [u = x2] b) x4 − 4x2 = 21 [u = x2] c) x − 4 √ x = −3 [u = √ x] d) 2x + 3 = 7 √ x [u = √ x] e) x = 6 − √ x [u = √ x] f) 2x2/3 − 5x1/3 − 3 = 0 [u = x1/3]
  • 2. 8 — Encontrar todos os números reais x tais que: a) 4 − x < 3 − 2x b) 5 − x2 < 8 c) 5 − x2 < −2 d) (x − 1)(x − 3) ≥ 0 e) x2 − 2x + 2 > 0 f) x2 − x + 10 < 16 g) 1 x + 1 1 − x > 0 h) x − 1 x + 1 > 0 i) (x + 1)(x − 2)3(x − 7)(x2 + 7) ≥ 0 j) (x + 1) (3 − x) (x − 2)2 ≥ 0 k) (x + 1) (3 − x) (x − 2)2 ≤ 0 9 — Determine o domı́nio e resolva as se- guintes inequações em R a) x3 − 2x2 − 3x ≤ 0 b) x2 − 16 x + 1 < 0 c) x2 − 2x − 3 x2 + 2x + 1 ≥ 0 d) x2 + x + 1 x2 − 2x − 3 ≤ 0 10 — Determine o domı́nio e resolva em R as seguintes desigualdades: a) 1 x − 1 ≥ 1 b) 1 1 − x ≥ 1 c) 1 2 − x + 5 2 + x < 1 d) 2x − 5 x2 − 6x − 7 < 1 x − 3 e) 2 − x2 1 − x < x f) x + 1 x − 3 ≤ x − 2 x + 4 11 — Determine o domı́nio (em R) e o conjunto-solução das inequações a) √ x + 2 < 3 b) √ 2x + 3 − 3 ≥ 0 c) 3 √ 3x − 1 − 2 ≤ 0 d) √ x + 2x < 0 e) √ x > x − 2 f) √ x8 + 8 < −1 + x − x2 g) √ x2 − 2x − 8 > x − 2 h) √ 1 − 3x − √ 5 + x > 0 i) 4 √ x > 3 √ x j) q 4 − √ 1 − x − √ 2 − x > 0 2
  • 3. Respostas dos Exercı́cios 1 180 litros 2 a.) Dom = {x ∈ R | x , 1, x , 2}; Sol = { 3 2 , 3} b.) Dom = {x ∈ R | x , 1, x , −1}; Sol = {− 3 2 } 3 a.) Dom = {x ∈ Z | x , 0, x , 1}; Sol = {2} b.) Dom = {x ∈ Z | x , 0, x , 2}; Sol = ∅ 4 Item (a) 5 a.) Dom = {x ∈ R | x ≥ 0}; Sol = {0, 1 4} b.) Dom = {x ∈ R | x ≥ 0}; Sol = {0} c.) Dom = {x ∈ R | x ≤ 3}; Sol = {3} d.) Dom = {x ∈ R | x ≥ − 1 3 }; Sol = {8} e.) Dom = {x ∈ R | x ≥ −5 3 }; Sol = {5+ √ 41 2 } f.) Dom = {x ∈ R | x ≥ 3 4 }; Sol = { 43+3 √ 269 22 } g.) Dom = R; Sol = {−61, 30} 6 Item (d) 7 a.) Sol = {− √ 3, √ 3, − √ 7, √ 7} b.) Sol = {− √ 7, √ 7} c.) Sol = {1, 9} d.) Sol = { 1 4 , 9} e.) Sol = {4} f.) Sol = {− 1 8 , 27} 8 a.) x ∈ (−∞, −1) b.) x ∈ R c.) x ∈ (−∞, − √ 7) ∪ ( √ 7, +∞) d.) x ∈ (−∞, 1] ∪ [3, +∞) e.) x ∈ R f.) x ∈ (−2, 3) g.) x ∈ (0, 1) h.) x ∈ (−∞, −1) ∪ (1, +∞) i.) x ∈ [−1, 2] ∪ [7, +∞) j.) x ∈ [−1, 3] k.) x ∈ (−∞, −1] ∪ {2} ∪ [3, +∞) 9 a.) Dom = R; Sol = (−∞, −1] ∪ [0, 3] b.) Dom = R{−1}; Sol = (−∞, −4) ∪ (−1, 4) c.) Dom = R{−1}; Sol = (−∞, −1) ∪ [3, +∞) d.) Dom = R{−1, 3}; Sol = (−1, 3) 10 a.) Dom = R{1}; Sol = (1, 2] b.) Dom = R{1}; Sol = [0, 1) c.) Dom = R{−2, 2}; Sol = (−∞, −2) ∪ (2, +∞) d.) Dom = R{−1, 3, 7}; Sol = (−∞, −1) ∪ (3, 7) e.) Dom = R{1}; Sol = (1, 2) f.) Dom = R{−4, 3}; Sol = (−∞, −4) ∪ [ 1 5 , 3) 11 a.) Dom = [−2, +∞); Sol = [−2, 7) b.) Dom = [− 3 2 , +∞); Sol = [3, ∞) c.)Dom = R; Sol = (−∞, 3] d.)Dom = [0, +∞); Sol = ∅ e.)Dom = [0, +∞); Sol = [0, 4) f.)Dom = R; Sol = ∅ g.)Dom = (−∞, −2] ∪ [4, +∞); Sol = (−∞, −2] ∪ (6, +∞) h.)Dom = [−5, 1 3 ]; Sol = [−5, −1] i.)Dom = [0, +∞); Sol = (0, 1) j.)Dom = [−15, 1]; Sol = * , −5 + √ 13 2 , 1       3