The document discusses philosopher Andy Clark and David Chalmers' theory of the extended mind. They argue that the mind is not confined to the brain, but can extend into external objects in the environment. They provide the example of Otto, who relies on information in his notebook to remember things, just as Inga remembers things in her biological memory. According to Clark and Chalmers' parity principle, if a process in the world functions like a cognitive process in the head, it is part of cognition. They believe cognition is a broader process that involves interactions between brain, body and world.

1. THE EXTENDED MIND
ANDY CLARK & DAVID J. CHALMERS
Maryam Amir

2. CAN THE MIND EXTEND FURTHER?
Beyond The Body
Into The Environment

3. HOW FAR DOES THE MIND EXTEND?

4. Extend vs Expand
VOCABULARY
Latin extendere, “stretch out,”
from ex– “out” + tendere, “to stretch.”
Latin expandere, “spread out”,
from ex– “out” + pandere “to spread”.

5. BELIEF EMBEDDED IN MEMORY
1. Inga wants to visit MoMA
She recalls from her memory.
2. Otto wants to visit MoMA
He Has Alzheimer’s
He checks his notebook.

6. WHY DOES OTTO GO TO 53RD STREET ?
Believes the location is written in the notebook .
WHY DOES INGA GO TO 53RD STREET ?
Believes the location is in her memory .

7. COGNITIVE PROCESSING
Inga’s constant belief
Otto’s constant belief

8. A BELIEF IS
SIMPLY NOT IN THE HEAD
Twin Otto’s constant belief
Otto’s constant belief

9. Putnam & Burge vs C&C
▪ differences in belief are distal and historical . ▪features play an active role in the here-and-now

10. COUPLED SYSTEM Otto influences Notebook
A MUTUAL CAUSAL INFLUENCE
BEHAVIOR

11. COUPLED SYSTEM Otto influences Notebook
A MUTUAL CAUSAL INFLUENCE
WALKING TO MOMA

12. TURBO-CHARGING
BRAIN ALSO TURBO-CHARGE OUTPUTS

13. PARITY PRINCIPLE
If, as we confront some task, a part of
the world functions as a process
which, were it to go on in the head, we
would have no hesitation in accepting
as part of the cognitive process, then
that part of the world is (for that time)
part of the cognitive process.
(C&C, p. 29)

14. ▪ Neil Harbisson
▪ Nigel Achland
▪ Claudia Mitchell
▪ Steve Mann

15. Inga has more reliable access to the information.
Objection1

16. Inga has more reliable access to the information.
Objection

17. ✓ What really counts is that the information is easily
available when the subject needs it, and this
constraint is satisfied equally in the two cases.
Answer

18. Inga has more direct access to the relevant information
—by introspection
Objection2

19. ✓ why should the nature of an associated phenomenology make
a difference to the status of a belief?
Inga’s memory may have some associated phenomenology,
but it is still a belief.
Answer

20. Answer

21. HOW FAR DOES THE MIND EXTEND?

22. HOW FAR DOES THE MIND EXTEND?

23. HOW FAR DOES THE MIND EXTEND?

24. constant
directly
available
automatically
endorsed
consequence
of
endorsement
Trust & Glue Conditions

25. WHAT ABOUT SOCIALLY EXTENDED COGNITION?

26. WHAT IS CENTRAL IS A HIGH DEGREE OF TRUST,
RELIANCE,
AND
ACCESSIBILITY.

27. EXTENDED DESIRE

28. LANGUAGE The major burden of the coupling between agents.

29. Does the extended mind imply an extended self?
It seems so.
What, finally, of the self?

30. Questions? http://twitter.com/Richard_Menary
THANK YOU