Recommended
More Related Content
What's hot
What's hot (20)
Similar to Gene interaction and diseases
Similar to Gene interaction and diseases (20)
Recently uploaded
Recently uploaded (20)
Gene interaction and diseases
- 1. GENE -INTERACTION AND DISEASES “MARIAM SAJID” (ESSENTIAL GENETICS) (2018-BI-006)
- 2. OUTLINE • Gene interaction • Mechanism of gene interaction • Types of gene interaction • Allelic and non-allelic gene interaction • Important forms of gene interaction • Epistasis • Disease
- 3. GENE INTERACTION • The contribution of genes to the phenotypic character are modified by interactions with other genes and environment.
- 4. MECHANISM OF GENE INTERACTION • Proteins (the end products of gene expression) • Gene interactions are interactions between proteins that are controlled by these genes.
- 5. TYPES OF GENE INTERACTION “Gene-Gene and Gene- Environment” – Interaction between allelic genes – Interaction between non-allelic genes How gene in interacted with the environment and chromosomes itself
- 6. ALLELIC AND NON-ALLELIC INTERACTION • Expression of a character is produced by interaction between alleles of a single gene, called Allelic gene interaction. • Expression of a character is produced by interaction between two or more genes, called Non- allelic gene interaction.
- 7. EPISTASIS • One gene or allele masking the phenotypic expression of the other genes or alleles in the interaction. • That gene or allele masking the effect is referred to as epistatic. • The other genes or alleles being masked are referred to as hypostatic.
- 8. IMPORTANT FORMS OF GENE INTERACTION 1. Typical Di-Hybrid Ratio (9:3:3:1) 2. Complementary (9:7) 3. Supplementary (9:3:4) 4. Polymerism (9:6:1) 5. Epistatis (12:3:1) 6. Inhibitory (13:3) 7. Duplicate (15:1) 8. Cumulative or Additive (1:4:6:4:1)
- 9. DISEASES Epistatic genes can make the disease less severe, or make it more severe. • Alzheimer's disease • Cystic fibrosis • Complex autoimmune diseases • Diabetes • Cardiovascular disease • Hypertension, autism • Cleft lip and/or palate • Schizophrenia • Other neurological disorders • Sporadic breast cancer, • Bladder cancer (other types of cancer)
- 10. ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE • Progressive neurodegenerative disorder (memory loss and dementia) • Gene called apolipoprotein e4 was associated with a higher risk of developing Alzheimer's disease • One or two copies of apolipoprotein e4 increase one's risk of Alzheimer's, • This suggested that other genes or gene-gene interactions were involved in the development of Alzheimer's.
- 11. DIABETES • Influenced by both epistatic and environmental factors. • Interactions have been detected between loci on chromosomes 2 and 15. • In patients with type II diabetes, interaction is between loci on chromosomes 1 and 10.
- 12. THANK YOU