This document provides information about childhood obesity rates globally and in the United States, with a focus on rates in North Carolina and Pitt County. Some key points:
- Childhood obesity is considered one of the most serious public health challenges worldwide, with 42 million children under 5 estimated to be obese globally.
- In the US, over 1/3 of children and youth are overweight or obese. North Carolina has the 5th highest rate of obese youth ages 10-17 at 19.3%.
- In Pitt County, NC, over half the population is overweight or obese. The county has many fast food restaurants and sedentary lifestyles contribute to high obesity rates.
The document proposes
Childhood obesity, a very complex health issue that becomes a growing problem in the U.S. In fact, “over the past three decades, childhood obesity rates have tripled in the U.S., and today, the country has some of the highest obesity rates in the world: one out of six children is obese, and one out of three children is overweight or obese.” (Child obesity, n.d.). Physical diseases and conditions are often accompanying obesity. Also, obesity may have an adverse effect on various systems in a child’s body, such as heart, lungs, muscles and bones, kidneys, digestive tract, and hormones that control blood sugar and puberty. Furthermore, it can take a toll on social life because obese kids and teenagers are more likely to have low self-esteem. “Childhood obesity is one of the most serious threats to the health of our nation.” (Building evidence to prevent childhood obesity, n.d.). Children and youth who are obese and overweight will likely remain overweight or obese into adulthood.
References
Building evidence to prevent childhood obesity. (n.d.). Retrieved from https://www.rwjf.org/content/rwjf/en/how-we-work/grants-explorer/featured-programs/healthy-eating-research.html
Childhood obesity. (n.d.). Retrieved from https://www.hsph.harvard.edu/obesity-prevention-source/obesity-trends/global-obesity-trends-in-children/
Childhood obesity the other aspect of malnutritionvckg1987
this presentation mainly deals with childhood obesity where the current trends of it in India and statewise has been shown, there are various classification which are made for childhood obesity but there is confusion which one to choose, so this confusion is removed in this presentation, then moving on the strategies made for preventing the childhood obesity in various countries has been mentioned.
Childhood obesity, a very complex health issue that becomes a growing problem in the U.S. In fact, “over the past three decades, childhood obesity rates have tripled in the U.S., and today, the country has some of the highest obesity rates in the world: one out of six children is obese, and one out of three children is overweight or obese.” (Child obesity, n.d.). Physical diseases and conditions are often accompanying obesity. Also, obesity may have an adverse effect on various systems in a child’s body, such as heart, lungs, muscles and bones, kidneys, digestive tract, and hormones that control blood sugar and puberty. Furthermore, it can take a toll on social life because obese kids and teenagers are more likely to have low self-esteem. “Childhood obesity is one of the most serious threats to the health of our nation.” (Building evidence to prevent childhood obesity, n.d.). Children and youth who are obese and overweight will likely remain overweight or obese into adulthood.
References
Building evidence to prevent childhood obesity. (n.d.). Retrieved from https://www.rwjf.org/content/rwjf/en/how-we-work/grants-explorer/featured-programs/healthy-eating-research.html
Childhood obesity. (n.d.). Retrieved from https://www.hsph.harvard.edu/obesity-prevention-source/obesity-trends/global-obesity-trends-in-children/
Childhood obesity the other aspect of malnutritionvckg1987
this presentation mainly deals with childhood obesity where the current trends of it in India and statewise has been shown, there are various classification which are made for childhood obesity but there is confusion which one to choose, so this confusion is removed in this presentation, then moving on the strategies made for preventing the childhood obesity in various countries has been mentioned.
In recognition of National Childhood Obesity Awareness Month, I developed and facilitated a community-based "Lunch and Learn" session. I provide background information, statistics and informational resources pertaining to the obesity epidemic. Additionally, I provided nutrition and fitness related strategies to foster a healthy lifestyle.
The consumption of junk food and prevalence of childhood obesity is facing an all-time high in India and worldwide. Lets discuss what parents and teachers can do about this serious problem.
As a project for a class in the introduction to public health, groups of two were required to assess the needs of a county for the health issue of obesity. This is the presentation and my partner and I presented.
In recognition of National Childhood Obesity Awareness Month, I developed and facilitated a community-based "Lunch and Learn" session. I provide background information, statistics and informational resources pertaining to the obesity epidemic. Additionally, I provided nutrition and fitness related strategies to foster a healthy lifestyle.
The consumption of junk food and prevalence of childhood obesity is facing an all-time high in India and worldwide. Lets discuss what parents and teachers can do about this serious problem.
As a project for a class in the introduction to public health, groups of two were required to assess the needs of a county for the health issue of obesity. This is the presentation and my partner and I presented.
Drive Successful Innovation with User-Friendly User-Centred DesignRoberta Tassi
An highly iterative lecture/workshop to demonstrate the value of user-centred design and learn how to apply it without investing too much energy or time - recommended for start-ups (iHub, Nairobi 2015)
Visual Frameworks to Drive Innovation ProcessesRoberta Tassi
Designing complex services involving a large number of actors and many different channels (like healthcare services) can benefit from the use of visual frameworks to help drive and accelerate design processes.
The Backpack Plus project (frog + UNICEF) is a tangible example of how a visual framework can help designing a comprehensive systemic solution, and evolve across the different stages of the design process.
Information Design Matters, London 2014
How can we rethink the experience of museums to harness emotions in a sensible way that activates visitors?
Developed by the UX for Good team in 2014, the Inzovu Curve is a model that inherits the best practices established by the Kigali Genocide Memorial, Rwandan community and Aegis Trust, the organisation which developed the memorial. The model has helped evolving the experience of the Kigali Genocide Memorial to produce better outcomes looking both at foreigner visitors and local population. The model has been used to map other similar museums across the world and foster the importance of designing memorial experiences that are able to generate positive behaviour changes.
Museum Next, Geneva 2015
System Thinking: Design Tools to Drive Innovation Processes Roberta Tassi
The increasing complexity of the world around us raises new challenges for designers, who are called to build cohesive experiences across broad ecosystems of products and services. Dealing with innovation and highly complex services, involving a large number of actors and many different channels, requires the adoption of new skills and techniques, that enable a more effective collaboration with all the stakeholders involved and support the dialogue around articulated systems and large amount of information.
Looking at the theory, Service Design Tools (www.servicedesigntools.org) is a first comprehensive repository of methods and examples that could orientate a designer - or any other professional - approaching the challenges of designing services, to help identifying the right method according to the step of the process, the type of participants and the kind of information that need to be discussed. Jumping to the practice, the power of adopting a systemic approach and shaping tools and frameworks that can re-order and re-distribute knowledge within multifaceted teams to drive innovation processes has changed the way in which highly complex services are conceived and developed across segments - from healthcare to financial -.
The ambition now is to see this evolving more and more into the way societal problems with large scale impact are addressed - bringing the benefit of system thinking into social innovation processes and organisation changes.
Euclid Annual Symposium, Brno 2015
1· The precise goal of the study or experiment· The populati.docxeugeniadean34240
1
· The precise goal of the study or experiment
· The population
· Your expected sample size
· How you will go about collecting your sample
· Exactly what statistical computations you expect to perform (hypothesis, null hypothesis, alternative hypothesis, type I and II error, significance level, critical value, P-value, etc.
· How you will present your results to the reader
· Itemized expected cost for your study in terms of time and money
Childhood Obesity among Pittsburgh School Students, Ages 6-12 Years
The hypothesis of if schools served healthier food and gave the children more time to eat as well as having more chances to be active, like recess and physical education, then child hood obesity rates would decrease drastically. This study will investigate effects of teaching obese children better habits of eating and exercise and improved habits and self-esteem. The children for the study will be drawn from the general school population (ages 6 to 12). Students (n = 20) will receive a brief intervention regarding nutrition, activity, and snacking. Students will serve as their own control. Each participant will be pre- and post-tested regarding eating behavior, activity, snacking behavior, and levels of self-esteem. The hypothesis will be tested through the application of quantitative analysis (one-way ANOVA) to the data collected
(Dotsch, Kokocinski, Knerr, Rascher, Rascher & Weigel, 2008).
The goal of this proposal is to study the prevalence of obesity among school children 6-12 years old in Pittsburgh Public Schools, and to identify any variation as per age, gender, place of residence, and type of school. Obesity is usually defined as more than 20 percent above ideal weight for a particular height and age ("Obesity,"). This proposal is addressed to meet the needs of children who have become obese due to environmental factors. If we can alter a few key and relatively simple areas in the lives of individuals, reinforce this within the schools and community, and re-evaluate the messages being sent in our culture, American school children will soon see an end to an excessive weight gain.
The results of this survey are important for the development of evidence-based practice guidelines and the overall process will have an impact on the clinical practice, research and dietetic policy.
School children between 6-12 years old will be sampled using stratified random sampling (SRS) with cumulative population proportionate from each school (cluster) of four districts. A total of 20 clusters will be selected by systematic sampling. The clusters spread out geographically by schools, and then the sample starts at a random cluster and then takes every 10th cluster in the list. First, take a separate SRS in each stratum to allow separate conclusions about each stratum. Then, a stratified sample will have a smaller margin of error than an SRS of the same size. Data will be analyzed using Body Mass Index (BMI- CDC) calculator and/or a .
Aene project a medium city public students obesity studyCIRINEU COSTA
Identifying undernutrition and obesity on students and propose public policies of health are urgent issues. This paper presents a study with weight and stature from students collected by physical education teachers (PEF) in schools of a city near São Paulo. The PEF collected the data and they were inserted in a program especially developed for each school Department (AENE Project). The datas were analyzed by software and evaluation done based on a World Health Organization (WHO_2007) table, that develops health programs worldwide. The results evaluations were used to raise the students and family, teachers and responsibles for treatment search (when required).
Community AssessmentMaria PribeWalden University.docxmccormicknadine86
Community Assessment
Maria Pribe
Walden University
Obesity in Wayne County, Michigan
children and adults are vulnerable populations
obese children and adults have low-income
45.9% of Wayne County population is obese (Teixeira et al., 2015)
obesity is linked to overweight, heart disease
Figure 1.0. Bar graph showing income distribution of counties
Source: https://www.pittcountync.gov/Archive/ViewFile/Item/140
Obesity in Wayne Count is a public health problem, especially among children and adults. Children aged 10 to 17 and adults with over 20 years are vulnerable to obesity. Children and adults with obesity make 45.9% of the total population, and most of them come from low-income populations where health disparity is a prevalent issue. Health determinants in Wayne County include education, poverty, income, housing, and discrimination (Teixeira et al., 2015). The obese population does not have access to clean water and live in slums, where air pollution is dominant. More than 17% of adults in Wayne County lack health insurance coverage. Blacks are poorer compared to their white counterparts and have increased chances of having obesity.
*
Results comprehensive assessment
poor diet, lack of physical activity
Wayne County ranks position 5th in Michigan (Tholen et al., 2019)
beaches, hiking trails, bike paths remain underutilized
obesity leading factor is unhealthy eating habit
the Michigan Department of Community Health (MDCH)
Obesity is prevalent as a result of poor eating habits and lack of physical activity such as walking, soccer-playing, climbing the stairs, and gardening. Most of the roads are tarmacked, and residents of Wayne Count prefer driving than walking. These residents deny themselves an opportunity for physical activity, thus becoming vulnerable to overweight. Wayne County is among the topmost counties of Michigan where obesity among children and adults is a health problem; it is ranked 5th position (Tholen et al., 2019). Wayne County is a healthy county, but most of the resources for improving physical fitness, such as hike trails, bike paths, and beaches, remain unutilized. The primary obesity leading factor is unhealthy eating, where people do not take fruits and vegetables to control obesity. Collaboration with MDCH aids the approximation of the number of obese children and adults in Wayne County.
*
(continued)
the State of Childhood Obesity website
the Bridge Michigan Health Watch
Physical activity (PA) assessment
Wayne Metropolitan Community Action (WMCA)
The State of Childhood Obesity website provides information and data on the prevalence of obesity in Michigan state. It is a public health-based organization that aims at helping all children to grow up healthy. Another useful website that assisted in locating obesity prevalence in Michigan is Bridge Michigan Health Watch. The website presents obesity epidemiology in Michigan state. Approximately 2.5 million adults and more than 400 children in Michigan Sta ...
Submission Ide e223bfb4-049f-4c26-ba24-2ede2b73157041 SI.docxdeanmtaylor1545
Submission Ide: e223bfb4-049f-4c26-ba24-2ede2b731570
41% SIMILARITY SCORE 8 CITATION ITEMS 46 GRAMMAR ISSUES 0 FEEDBACK COMMENT
Internet Source 0%
Institution 41%
Avery Bryan
Benchmark – Capstone Project.docx
Summary
1911 Words
Running head: BENCHMARK – CAPSTONE PROJECT 1
BENCHMARK – CAPSTONE PROJECT 2
Use an m-dash.: – —
Use an m-dash.: – —
Benchmark – Capstone Project
Avery Bryan
Professor Tammy Gray
NRS-490
02/09/20
Benchmark – Capstone Project
Obesity is prevalent among the African American children. Most of the African
American families fall in the low income groups. This results to them not being able to purchase
BENCHMARK – CAPSTONE PROJECT 3
Spelling mistake: junky junk
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Unpaired braces, brackets, quotation m...: (
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Spelling mistake: Chircop Chirp
healthy foods. There is a perception that healthy foods are very expensive to purchase. Their
food consumption to a large extent consists of proteins from genetically modified organisms
(GMOs), larger amounts of refined grains and sugars and high level of fructose corn syrup. They
consume junky foods that are cheaper to buy. These foods contribute a lot to childhood obesity
among the African American children who consume them.
Obesity is not a disease in itself. However, it leads to an increased risk of individuals to
develop other diseases that may be considered to be chronic. These chronic diseases include
some types of cancer, coronary heart disease, stroke, osteoarthritis, type 2 diabetes and other
complicated health conditions. A myriad of social and physical negative consequences are
associated with obesity. The conditions associated with obesity carry both short term and long
term negative outcomes that are extremely expensive to treat both at individual and societal
level. It is less expensive to prevent obesity than to cure it. It is therefore important to address the
problem of obesity by implementing effective preventive measures.
Childhood obesity is a world-wide health problem and development of interventions to
prevent or control it should be a priority (Amini et al, (2014). Obesity is prevalent and on the
increase among many school going African American children in the US. Physical activity and
healthy diet are the key preventive interventions that can be implemented to tackle the challenge
of childhood obesity (Chircop et al., (2015).
Obesity is a major health concern. This is because children who have obesity, compared
to those with normal weight are at .
Running head PICOT STATEMENT 1PICOT STATEMENT 5.docxtoltonkendal
Running head: PICOT STATEMENT 1
PICOT STATEMENT 5
PICOT Statement: Childhood Obesity
P-I-C-O-T Statement
P- Patients who suffer from obesity (BMI of more than 30)
I- Undertaking nutritional education, diet, and exercise
C- Comparison to nutritional education, endoscopic bariatric surgical intervention
O- Improved health outcomes in terms of overall weight
T - A year’s time limit
PICOT Statement: Childhood Obesity
Introduction
Childhood obesity poses serious health problems in the US as the number of overweight and obese population increases at a rapid pace every year. The effects of this problem have arrested the attention of policymakers, societal members, and government agencies. This has resulted in ranking childhood obesity as a national health concern. The adverse impacts of this disease go beyond the health realms to include economic burden on both personal and national budgets. While there are numerous risk factors and various evidence-based interventions to address this challenge, no single approach is consistently efficacious in curbing the disease. Consequently, it is imperative that efficacious initiatives and policies be developed to address the never-ending problem of childhood obesity. Multidisciplinary approaches are often broad and cut across all dimensions of personal health problems. Instead of placing emphasis solely on biomedical models, health care professionals should also seek to promote behavior change among obesity patients and their family members. A PICOT statement can be utilized as an effective tool to seek interventions of addressing childhood obesity.
PICOT Statement
Population
In the US, obesity prevalence is highest among children aged from 6 to 11 years (Cheung et al. 2016). The disease has tripled among this age group from 4.2 percent to 15.3 percent from 1963 to 2012. In the last three decades, increased cases of obesity prevalence have been noted among children of all ages, although the differences in obesity prevalence have been recorded in terms of age, race, ethnicity, and gender (Cheung et al. 2016). In this respect, children from socioeconomically disadvantaged families and some racial and ethnic minorities experience the higher median score on obesity than the dominant white population. Higher obesity rates are often recorded among blacks and Hispanics compared to whites. For instance, a survey on girls in the Southwest revealed that the yearly cases of obesity stood at 4.5 percent among Blacks, 2 percent among Hispanics, and 0.7 percent among white girls aged from 13 to 17 years (Cheung et al. 2016). For low-income earners, American Indians rank highest at 6.3 percent, followed closely by Hispanics at 5.5 percent.
Intervention
Evidence-based interventions that seek to reduce childhood obesity incidences in the country should target two major areas: prevention and treatment. High-quality RCT has been proven as one of the most effective preventative ...
1Running head OBESITY IN MIDWESTERN CHILDREN.docxherminaprocter
1
Running head: OBESITY IN MIDWESTERN CHILDREN
Obesity in Midwestern Adolescents
NR222: Health and Wellness
January 2019
Obesity in Midwestern Adolescents
It is no secret that obesity in America is at an alarming level and although we see its prevalence in adults, we often fail to discuss its rising rates within adolescents. Children are now facing the possibility of higher mortality rates, when in reality, children should be living longer than their parents. With obesity striking Midwestern communities, this paper aims to focus on understanding why children in these communities are at a higher risk and what actions are needed to help them overcome this harmful life style. This is incredibly important in order to restore and maintain health. Children who are obese have a higher comorbidity for chronic diseases that typically only affect adults such as, type II diabetes mellitus, hypertension, hyperlipidemia as well as psychological disorders. This stresses the importance that adolescents should be happy and healthy, not a statistic.
Target Population: Midwestern Adolescents
To be considered as this paper’s target population an individual must meet two criteria: the person must reside in the American Midwest and be an adolescent. The State of Obesity (2016-17) ranks all fifty states against one another in obesity. Although the rankings are not confined to adolescents, it highlights where midwestern states stand in relation to the rest of the United States. The lower the number next to the state, higher portion of the population is obese : 6. Ohio (18.6%), 10. Iowa (17.7%), 11. Indiana (17.5%), 12. Michigan (17.3%), 17. Illinois (16.2%), 23. Nebraska (15.5%), 31. Wisconsin (14.3%), 34. South Dakota (13.6%), 38. Kansas (13.0%), 40. Missouri (12.7%), 42. North Dakota (12.5%) and 48. Minnesota (10.4%).These statistics provide an overview of midwestern obesity, let us now turn to risk factors contributing to adolescent specific obesity. The goal of Healthy People 2020 is to increase life expectancy and quality of life. According to their website, 1 in 6 children and adolescents are obese. That number is concerning because many adolescents do not understand the consequences of their actions and how it can be detrimental later on in their adult years. Healthy People 2020 initiatives are aimed in helping adolescents in 1. achieving and maintaining a healthy weight, 2. Reduce the risk of heart disease and stroke, 3. Reduce the risk of certain forms of cancer, 4. Strengthen muscles, bones and joints and 5. Improve mood and energy level (Healthy People 2020, n.d.).According to Stanford Children’s Health (n.d.),one of the biggest contributors to adolescent obesity is excessive food intake which results in a surplus of caloric intake. A diet that is high in sugar and fat, as well as processed, will result in weight gain. As busy parents tend to their kids and their extracurriculars, eating on the go often results in poor food and bev.
Amercian Heart/Stroke Association- Teaching Americas Kids about a Healthy Lif...Nashville Fitness Supply
As a proponant of putting 'movement' in the classrooms to assist retention with children, here is the AHA/ASA Report on teaching our children about a healthy lifestyle.
Health promotion guide created for the TxState Service Learning Initiative and Long-Term Care graduate site. Created for elderly and disabled audiences.
1. HLTH 4200 Worksite Paper
By Justin Cude, Cami Lee, Maria Hartung, Constantine Unanka, and Trey Pennington
2. Section I
On an international scale, childhood obesity is considered to be one of the most serious
public health challenges of the 21st century [2]. Steadily on the rise as of 2013, obesity among
children below the age of five is estimated to be as high as 42 million globally, majority of them
(31 million) said to be living in developing countries [2].According to the Harvard School of Public
Health, obesity can harm nearly every system within a child's physiology, including the heart and
lungs, muscles and bones, kidneys and digestive tract along with the hormones that control blood
sugar and puberty. Also associated with obesity among the childhood population includes,
unfortunately, the heavy social and emotional stresses added by one’s peers and/or self. What
makes the problem of childhood obesity even worse is the fact that youth who are overweight or
obese have substantially higher risks of remaining overweight or obese leading into adulthood [1].
In a 2012 published study, one which focused in on and collected data from numerous studies held
between 1999 and 2011, authors Sameera Karnik and Amar Kanekar go into great detail explaining
multiple factors which influence childhood obesity and more importantly what can be done to
combat this epidemic. According to this pair of authors, “childhood obesity is due to the imbalance
between caloric intake of the child and the calories utilized for growth, development, metabolism,
and physical activities. Normally the amount of calories a child consumes through food or
beverages, if not used for energy activities, leads to obesity.” They go on further to explain that,
“Factors causing childhood obesity are genetic, behavioral, and environmental,” and “that obesity
can be multifactorial in children.” However the authors concluded by stating that childhood
obesity can be tackled at the population level by education, prevention and sustainable
interventions related to healthy nutrition practices and physical activity promotion[6].
3. Childhood obesity is becoming more prominent in America. According to NCCP(National
Center for Children in Poverty), childhood obesity was found to be most prevalent in the
Southeastern region of the United States with eight of the ten states recording the highest rates of
childhood obesity among the rest of the nation[10]. Nationally, more than one-third of children and
youth are overweight and more than 17 percent are obese [4]. Overall 33.5% of children ages 10-
17 years old are considered overweight or obese within the state of North Carolina. In fact, North
Carolina is ranked fifth worst nationally in regards to childhood obesity shown by the graph below
[5].
States with Highest Rates of Obese 10-17 year olds
Ranking States Percentages of Obese 10-17yr olds
1 D.C 22.8%
2 West Virginia 20.9%
3 Kentucky 20.6%
4 Tennessee 20.0%
5 North Carolina 19.3%
6 Texas 19.1%
7 South Carolina 18.9%
8 Mississippi 17.8%
9 Louisiana 17.2%
10 New Mexico 16.8%
In 2008, among N.C. children ages 10-17, 17.6 percent were overweight, and 15.2
percent were obese (a combined 32.8 percent were overweight or obese), compared to 61.3
percent who were at a healthy weight [4]. These results are shown in the graph below.
4. *BMI category based on percentile (underweight = below 5th
percentile, healthy weight = 5th
percentile to less than the85th
percentile, overweight = equal to or greater than the 85th
percentile but less than the95th
percentile, obese = equal to or greater
than the95th
percentile) for age. Datasource: North Carolina Child Health Assessment and Monitoring Program (CHAMP)
Survey Data (2008): State Center for Health Statistics, Raleigh NC.
In 2010, males had a higher rate of obesity than their counterpart females except for African
Americans. Percentages were collected for races of the following: Hispanic, Mexican American,
White, and African American. Hispanic males had an obesity rate of 25.5% while the females
stood at 17.5%. Mexican American males had an obesity rate of 26.7% compared to the females
at 17.4%. White American males had an obesity rate of 16.7% while the females were at 14.5%.
Finally, African American males had an obesity rate of 19.8% compared to 29.2% of the females
[10]. More specifically, Pitt County, located in Greenville, North Carolina, is home to 168,148
citizens. Of those citizens, half of them are overweight or obese [3].More than 1 in 3 kids are obese
or overweight, and 72% of adults are affected as well [8]. Obesity is often the product of factors
such as sedentary lifestyles, fatty foods, and family history. Research shows that families ate more
meals prepared away from home than in the past, resulting in consumption of more total calories
per sitting. In 2007, 49.9% of children were found to watch more than two hours of television per
5. day adding to the less than 44% of North Carolina’s high school students that were physically
active. In fact, around 20 percent of children did not meet the 60 minutes per day recommendation
for physical activity [7]. Below is a graph that includes percentages of children ages 6-17 who met
the 60 minute recommendation of physical activity.
Data Source: North Carolina Child Health Assessment and Monitoring Program (CHAMP) Survey Data (2007): State Center for
Health Statistics, Raleigh NC.
In Pitt County alone, 25% of adults eat fast food 4+ times a week, 16.8% adults meet the
fruit and vegetable requirements, 42% meet exercise requirements, and 20.5% claim to have been
sedentary for the past month [3]. Pitt County was the #1 city with most fast food restaurants in
2006, and currently has 100 fast food restaurants (not sit-down service) surrounding the area.
Obesity is a problem because it is affecting not only adults, but children as well since the parents
are setting examples for them.
Pitt Fit is a program that promotes health education as well as health promotion to
overweight and obese adolescents between the ages of 12-17 years old. By creating a safe, fun
6. environment for adolescents to exercise, Pitt Fit also hopes to target and change the lifestyles as
well. Project Mentor, a program based at East Carolina University that focuses on overweight and
obese adolescents, has had positive outcomes from the program throughout the years [7]. By
facilitating physical activity and fun, we hope to influence adolescents and educate them about
lifestyle changes. With a hands-on program that works one-on-one with kids, valuable benefits
such as self-esteem, self-confidence, and education can make a world of difference. Funding this
program can help with that. We truly believe Pitt Fit will be successful as well since it holds the
same values and ideals as Project Mentor.
7. Bibliography
[1] "Child Obesity: Too Many Kids Are Too Heavy, Too Young." Obesity Prevention Source.
Harvard School of Public Health, n.d. Web. 12 Nov. 2014.
<http://www.hsph.harvard.edu/obesity-prevention-source/obesity-trends/global-obesity-
trends-in-children/>.
[2] "Childhood Overweight and Obesity." WHO. World Health Organization, 2014. Web. 12 Nov.
2014. <http://www.who.int/dietphysicalactivity/childhood/en/>.
[3] "Community Profile: Pitt County, North Carolina." Centers for Disease Control and
Prevention. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 25 Oct. 2013. Web. 8 Oct. 2014.
<http://www.cdc.gov/nccdphp/dch/programs/CommunitiesPuttingPreventiontoWork/com
munities/profiles/obesity-nc_pitt-county.htm>.
[4] “Data Resource Center for Child and Adolescent Health.” National Survey of Children’s
Health. Child and Adolescent Health Measurement Initiative Data Resource Center. 2007.
Web. 6 Nov. 2014. <http://www.childhealthdata.org/>
[5] “F as in Fat: How Obesity Policies Are Failing in America.” Trust for America’s Health.
National Survey of Children’s Health. 2009. Web. 15 Oct 2014.
<www.healthyamericans.org>
8. [6] Karnik, Sameera, and Amar Kanekar. "Abstract." National Center for Biotechnology
Information. U.S. National Library of Medicine, 2 July 2005. Web. 14 Nov. 2014.
<http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3278864/>.
[7] Muse, Kathy. "MINDSET MENTORS: ECU Students Learn While Training Teens to Embrace
Healthy Lifestyles." ECU Project Mentor. ECU News Services, 13 Oct. 2014. Web. 20
Oct. 2014. <http://www.ecu.edu/news/projectmentor.cfm>.
[8] “North Carolina State Center for Health Statistics”. Child Health Assessment and Monitoring
Program. North Carolina Department of Health and Human Services, 13 Nov. 2013. Web.
14 Oct. 2014. <http://www.schs.state.nc.us/units/stat/champ/>
[9] Oughton, Hali. "Pitt County Is 'Fit Community' with Obesity Problem." Pirate News Network
RSS. N.p., 11 June 2012. Web. 08 Oct. 2014.
<http://www.piratenewsnetwork.net/2012/06/11/fit-pitt/>.
[10] Wile Schwarz, Susan. "Adolescent Obesity in the United States." NCCP. Facts for
Policymakers, n.d., November 2010. Web. 16 Oct. 2014.
<http://www.nccp.org/publications/pub_977>
9. Section II
As an assessment mechanism, existing records would be most appropriate for Pitt Fit.
Doctors with records of overweight and obese patients are able to determine what is best for their
clientele. Recommendations of our program can be made to the parents, and through that, future
one-on-one meetings can be made with the parents to give them more information.
Another assessment mechanism that may prove to be useful for Pitt Fit would be the delphi
technique. Environments such as schools can be used by sending a form full of information home
with the child. If the parents are interested in the program, they can fill out their information to be
contacted with at a later date. If the parents feel uncomfortable about giving their information, or
if they are uninterested in the program, they have the option to remain anonymous.
Through both existing records and the delphi technique, interest data can be collected. The
delphi technique is used in an array of fields to study program planning, needs assessment, policy
determination and resource utilization specific to a real-world issue [11]. In regards to Pit Fit there
will be a panel of experts who determine how well the program will succeed. Experts will use
opinion and research based data to come to a consensus opinion on the given issue. Pit Fit will
utilize a health fitness specialist, nutritionist, and a pediatrician as panel members. This technique
will address future developments such as what could be or what should be, rather than what is
happening right now in order to determine overall success of the program.
Besides the health specialists in charge of the program, parents are also invited to determine
what is best for the children as far as the program goes. Parents are one of the most important
determining factors in their children’s success since they spend the most time with them.
Therefore, it is encouraged that they be involved. Teachers, especially physical education teachers,
10. in their schools should also be allowed to give their input since they are also working with the
children every week at school.
The goal of Pitt Fit is to promote healthy lifestyle habits in young teens and adolescents
between the ages of 12-17 years old, and to reduce the amount of obesity in the residents of Pitt
County. Through educating the parents of these adolescents, we hope to establish a good at home
environment that will aid in the prevention of health related risks.
GOAL: TO REDUCE TO AMOUNT OF OBESITY IN THE RESIDENTS OF PITT COUNTY
PROGRAM OBJECTIVES
1) By 2016, we would like to increase aerobic exercise amongst 12-17 year old kids in Pitt
County by 15%.
OUTCOME (what): increase aerobic exercise
TARGET POP (who): 12-17 year old kids
CONDITIONS (when): 2016
CRITERION (how much): 15%
2) Through our year-long aerobic exercise program at Pitt Fit, overweight and obese teens
will be able to reduce their risks of weight-related diseases as well as participate in a follow-
up every year for 2 consecutive years to determine their success and compare it to their
pre-program level of fitness.
OUTCOME (what): reduce risks of weight-related diseases as well as participate in a
follow-up
TARGET POP (who): overweight/obese teens
CONDITIONS (when): 2yrs
CRITERION (how much): duration of program
11. BEHAVIORAL OBJECTIVES
1) To encourage 30% of kids in Pitt Fit to adhere to continue on in the program until they age
out, and to continue with the lifestyle later on in life. There will be a follow-up with each
individual both 1 year and 2 years after the program's completion.
OUTCOME (what): At least 30% of kids adhere to lifestyle change
TARGET POP (who): Kids in Program
CONDITIONS (when): Until they age out of program
CRITERION (how much): Programs Duration and 1 and 2 year follow-ups
ENVIRONMENTAL OBJECTIVES
1) There will be a parents-child workout day once every month to both educate the parent on
their influential role in their child’s life, and to also get them involved in the activities.
OUTCOME (what): Educate and Involve in program
TARGET POP (who): Parents
CONDITIONS (when): Offered once a month
CRITERION (how much): Every month their kid is a part of the program
ADMINISTRATIVE OBJECTIVES
1) During the next 12 months, 30 adolescents will be participating in Pitt Fitt.
OUTCOME (what): Adolescents participating in work out
TARGET POP (who): 30 adolescents
CONDITIONS (when): Over the next year
CRITERION (how much): 3 days out of the week.
12. LEARNING OBJECTIVES
1) After participating in Pit Fit, those participating will be able to identify and make better
choices about daily exercise and eating habits.
OUTCOME (what): identify and make better choices about exercise and eating habits
TARGET POP (who): those participating
CONDITIONS (when): after completing the program
CRITERION (how much): daily
2) During one Pit Fit Session, participants will express their views on healthy eating habits
OUTCOME (what): express views on healthy eating habits
TARGET POP (who): those participating
CONDITIONS (when): during a session
CRITERION (how much): all
13. Section III
The PRECEDE model fits well with Pitt Fit because it focuses on outcomes rather than
input. It covers both the diagnosis as well as the assessment of the program. The social diagnosis
deals with the problems of the community and priorities of the people such as the overweight and
obesity epidemic. Epidemiological diagnosis identifies health goals and problems of the society.
This targets the unhealthy diet and lack of exercise of the community, as well as lack of willpower
to change their lifestyle. Educational and organizational diagnosis deals with three factors: the
predisposing factors, reinforcing factors, and enabling factors. The predisposing factors include
society’s beliefs, knowledge, attitude, and life experiences. The goal is to determine why society
has allowed itself to live an unhealthy lifestyle full of health risks, and what can be done to change
that. Reinforcing factors include social support, motivation, and influence. Through support of
their family, health education of specialists, and health promotion of Pit Fitt, goals can be met by
the mentees, motivating them to continue with the program. Enabling factors deal more with the
physical and mental ability to take part in the program. It also takes into consideration the available
resources, accessibility to the resources, and affordability for the resources. Next is the
administrative and policy diagnosis which does the assessment and development of the program
before implementing it. We obviously want to perfect the program as much as possible before
introducing it.
At the end of the program, process evaluation, impact evaluation, and outcome evaluation
take place. Process evaluation assesses the equipment, facilities, supplies, and personnel to
determine their impact on the program. Impact evaluation assesses the beliefs, knowledge, attitude,
intentions, and values of the participants to see whether or not there were any changes in behavior.
Pitt Fit hopes to influence the participants’ knowledge about various exercises and health
14. education, as well as transition their attitude to a positive outlook healthy living. Lastly, the
outcome evaluation assesses the productivity, health care cost, absenteeism, and behaviors. This
summary will help determine what can be done more efficiently, what aspects needs to be
improved, and how this program can be the best it can be.
15. Section IV
Program development:
What are you going to do to target the identified theoretical constructs? The PRECEDE model
focuses on predisposing factors such as the beliefs, knowledge, attitude, and life experiences of
the community. The goal of limiting the predisposing factors is to determine the causes for
unhealthy lifestyle leading to potential health risks, and create preventative outcomes. In order to
target the predisposing factors identified in section III, activities such as running, walking, weight-
lifting, sports, and machines would be incorporated into the program. Not only does it include
activities that the community has participated in before, but it also encourages new activities for
the community to engage in to increase their knowledge.
Technology:
- Myfitplan
- Music (to listen to with exercise)
- Fitbit and pedometer
Facilities needed:
- Gym
- Wellness center
- Field
Services offered:
- 1-on-1 with mentor
- Education on various health factors
- Group Activities
Contracts needed:
16. - Doctor notes
- Permission from parents
Marketing of programs:
- Facebook
- Doctor’s offices
- Schools
Timelines:
- 1yr program
- 2yr follow-up
Activities:
- Indoor activities
- Weights
- Machines
- Track for running/walking
- Outdoor activities:
- Sports
- Field activities
- Outdoor games
- Moderate & Intense activities
- Depends on risk classification
- Communication:
- Positive reinforcement
- Increase knowledge/awareness
17. - Incentives and disincentives:
- Look good/feel good
- Don’t like to sweat/feel gross
- Tired/sore
- Commitment need
18. Section V
Evaluation Plan
Independent Variables:
- Interventions
Dependent variables:
- Body Mass Index (BMI)
- Skinfolds
- Weight via scale
- Absenteeism
Confounding variables:
- Weather
- Schedules
- Absenteeism
Simple:
- VO2max
- Blood pressure
Complex:
- Absenteeism
- Productivity
Objective:
- Bruce maximal treadmill test
- DEXA
- Pedometers/Fitbit
19. Subjective:
- Absenteeism (lack of effort/motivation)
- Enjoyment
- Potential Outcomes
Participation:
- Regularity of Participation
- Absenteeism
- Adherence
Measuring program success can benefit Pitt Fit by giving insight about what needs to be
changed, removed, and what needs to be developed more. Measurements such as participation in
physical activity, knowledge and increased awareness of health, overall reduced health risks, and
recruitment/retention would show a success in the program. By inviting friends to join Pitt Fit, the
youth can encourage others to be active. Those who grow out of the program but still want to be
involved, could become a “mentor” for others, encouraging them to make lifestyle changes while
also keeping track of their own lifestyles.