4. THAT’S ENGLISH!
3
Contents 4
Introduction 6
Unit 1 9
Our planet
Unit 2 19
Good science, bad ethics?
Unit 3 29
The older generation
Unit 4 39
Modern family
Unit 5 49
Social classes
Unit 6 59
Films
Unit 7 69
Help the world
Unit 8 79
Crime
Unit 9 89
Science fiction
Unit 10 99
Superstitions and fears
Unit 11 109
Revision
Reference Section 114
Phonetic Symbols 143
List of Irregular Verbs 144
Audio Scripts 146
Answer Key 158
5. THAT’S ENGLISH!
FUNCTIONS GRAMMAR
1
UNIT
2
UNIT
3
UNIT
4
UNIT
5
UNIT
6
UNIT
7
UNIT
8
UNIT
9
UNIT
1010
UNIT
Our
planet
the
Good science,
bad ethics?
So (that), in order (not) to...
can
The older
generation
unless, in case
Modern
family
Why don’t we...? Shall we...?
do did
What about?, What for?
Remember, don’t forget / promise
Social
classes
as, since, because(of), the reason
why / for, that’s why, because of
this
regarding, concerning, as for, as
far as…
Films
So + that
Such (a) … that
Help
the world
I wish / If only +
I wish / If only +
Crime
look, look like, seem (to)…
It + be + that...
It + be + to...
Science
fiction
will
still, anymore, yet, already
Superstitions
and fears
go on / carry on / keep on
will / would +
Revision11
UNIT
Contents
4
7. 6
Introduction
THAT’S ENGLISH!
Bienvenido al módulo siete del curso That’s English!
con el que seguimos en el nivel intermedio.
En esta introducción queremos ofrecerte varias
sugerencias para seguir cómodamente y con éxito
los módulos de That’s English! Los números de
página que aparecen a continuación se refieren al
orden dentro de cada unidad.
Primer programa de vídeo (1ª página)
Todos los materiales de cada unidad giran en torno
a un tema diferente. Antes de ver el programa
correspondiente a una unidad, te ayudará consultar la
tabla de contenidos al principio del libro donde verás
recogidas las funciones, estructuras, vocabulario,
etc., que la configuran.
Después, echa un vistazo a la primera página de la
sesión A. En ella podrás ver los Objetivos que se
espera que hayas conseguido al finalizar el estudio
de la unidad. Puedes volver a ellos en ese momento
y comprobar si los has conseguido.
Los encabezamientos Before you watch, While you
watch y After you watch (antes, mientras y después
de ver el programa) te indican qué actividades debes
hacer en cada momento.
Before you watch presenta el vocabulario y las
frases clave del programa. Debes, por tanto, leerlas
atentamente y buscar en el diccionario cualquier
palabra que desconozcas.
While you watch contiene las preguntas que los
presentadores hacen al comienzo del programa;
sirven para que te hagas una idea del contenido del
episodio correspondiente de la nueva serie Cafe
27, que verás también en los restantes módulos
del nivel intermedio, y centres tu atención en sus
aspectos esenciales. Los presentadores te darán
las respuestas al final del mismo. Este apartado
debes prepararlo cuidadosamente antes de ver el
programa, pues te servirá para su mejor comprensión
y aprovechamiento.
Mientras ves el programa, intenta responder a
las preguntas hechas por los presentadores, pero
recuerda que lo más importante es seguir el hilo
general de la trama, y que no debes preocuparte si
hay algunas palabras o expresiones que desconoces.
Muy probablemente las tendrás en cualquiera de
los demás materiales de la unidad. Es conveniente
que tengas papel y lápiz a mano, pues puede haber
palabras o explicaciones de los presentadores que te
interese anotar. En cualquier caso, observarás que
la segunda vez que veas el programa entenderás
mucho más que la primera. Y si lo ves una tercera
vez, aún mejor.
Nada más terminar el programa, conviene que hagas
la sección After you watch. Con estas actividades,
se intenta medir si has comprendido lo fundamental
del programa. Si te resultara muy difícil realizar las
actividades de esta sección, deberías volver a ver el
programa e intentar hacerlas de nuevo.
En la sección Now you! se te pide que relaciones
el tema del programa con tus propias vivencias y
opiniones. Por eso conviene que hagas esta actividad
nada más ver el programa. Es una excelente manera
de repasarlo e interiorizarlo.
Reading (2ª y 6ª páginas)
Así como la primera página se centra en el desarrollo
de la comprensión auditiva, las páginas 2ª y 6ª de
cada unidad están dedicadas al desarrollo de la
capacidad lectora, fundamental, junto con aquella,
para el aprendizaje y dominio de una lengua. Bajo
el encabezamiento Reading, se encuentra un texto
que desarrolla diversos aspectos del tema de la
unidad. Léelo dos veces con detenimiento y vuelve
a él siempre que sea necesario para realizar las
actividades relacionadas con él.
La única diferencia entre las dos páginas es que en
la sexta, el texto suele ser más auténtico y menos
graduado y, por lo tanto, puede resultar más difícil.
Pero lo importante en la comprensión, tanto auditiva
como lectora, no es la comprensión de todas y cada
una de las palabras, sino de lo esencial del texto, ya
sea hablado o escrito.
Language Study (3ª, 4ª y 7ª páginas)
Estas páginas están dedicadas al desarrollo de los
siguientes aspectos:
Pronunciation
Los ejercicios de pronunciación se centran en los
diversos aspectos de la fonética: sonidos, acento,
ritmo y entonación, tratados desde el punto de vista
de las dificultades que presentan habitualmente
para el hablante español. Estos ejercicios son funda-
mentales para mejorar tu pronunciación. Para
hacerlos, deberás usar el CD de audio. Conviene que
grabes tu propia voz y la compares con el modelo
del CD. Para conseguir una pronunciación aceptable,
necesitarás repetir muchas veces, pero el esfuerzo
merece la pena.
Listening
Estas actividades sirven no solo para desarrollar la
importantísima destreza de comprender la palabra
hablada, sino también para reforzar el vocabulario,
las estructuras y funciones estudiadas. Para ello,
escucha el CD de audio con atención: no escribas
8. 7THAT’S ENGLISH!
nada. Vuelve a escuchar el CD e intenta completar los
ejercicios cuantas veces sea necesario. Finalmente,
escucha el CD de nuevo, siguiendo el texto y
comprueba que todas las respuestas son correctas.
Grammar
La gramática juega un papel importante, pero
no esencial en el aprendizaje de una lengua. El
conocimiento de las reglas no lleva automáticamente
a aplicarlas bien a la hora de hablar o escribir; por
tanto, no debes obsesionarte con la gramática.
Es más importante ser capaz de participar en una
conversación, leer un libro o escribir un correo que
saber todas las reglas de la lengua. Conviene buscar
un equilibrio.
El conocimiento de las reglas gramaticales te
ayudará a entender ciertas estructuras complejas
o simplemente distintas a las españolas; también
te permitirá corregir tus propias producciones,
probablemente a posteriori, y te dará una cierta
sensación de confianza; pero recuerda que se pueden
saber todas las reglas de una lengua y ser incapaz de
expresarse en la misma, así como también es posible
expresarse con toda fluidez y corrección sin conocer
las reglas.
Así pues, conviene que estudies los recuadros de
explicaciones gramaticales, que comprendas bien los
ejemplos y que hagas los ejercicios correspondientes.
Speaking
Hay dos clases de actividades de speaking: de
producción y de interacción. Las actividades de
producción las puedes hacer solo. Sin embargo, para
las actividades de interacción necesitas a alguien
con quien interactuar. Si conoces a alguien que
también esté estudiando inglés, sería muy útil que
pudieras hacer estas actividades con esta persona.
Siempre tienes, por supuesto, la sesión de tutoría
donde podrás realizar estas actividades con tus
compañeros de clase. Un consejo: no seas tímido.
Lánzate a hablar. No te preocupes por los errores que
puedas cometer. No hay nada más que una forma de
aprender a hablar y es... hablando.
Writing
Para muchos de los ejercicios de expresión escrita
de estas páginas no hay una solución correcta única.
Esto no debe preocuparte. No es necesario que todo
lo que escribas sea absolutamente correcto. Escribe
sin miedo, echa mano de tus fuentes de consulta:
diccionarios, gramáticas, amigos, internet; de nuevo,
no tengas miedo de cometer errores, y piensa que es
a base de práctica como se aprende a escribir. En
este nivel intermedio está presente una nueva
sección dentro de la parte de Language Study. En las
unidades 3, 6 y 9 del libro verás que se dedica una
columna entera a practicar la destreza de escritura
con diferentes actividades. Está pensada para
ayudarte a comprender mejor el proceso de escritura
y para familiarizarte con los distintos tipos de textos
que puedes necesitar escribir.
Segundo programa de vídeo (5ª página)
La sesión B del libro, que se corresponde con el
segundo programa de vídeo, tiene por objeto
ampliar la lengua presentada en la sesión anterior de
forma menos controlada y más natural. El segundo
programa está compuesto por diversos elementos
que abordan el tema general introducido en la sesión
anterior, desde muy distintos puntos de vista:
Documentary: donde podrás ver un documental
sobre algún aspecto relacionado con el tema de la
unidad.
Same language, different lives: en esta sección
tendrás oportunidad de ver a varias personas de
diferentes países de habla inglesa respondiendo a
preguntas relacionadas con el tema de la unidad.
De esta manera, además de oír diferentes formas de
hablar inglés, podrás aprender cómo es la vida en
estos países y contrastarla con la tuya.
That’s Britain: es una sección con la que podrás
disfrutar de un viaje cultural por diferentes zonas
del Reino Unido. En este módulo visitaremos el
suroeste de Inglaterra. En cada episodio nuestra
presentadora, Elizabeth, visita alguna ciudad o lugar
de interés turístico y conversará con las personas
que vaya encontrando. Esta sección te ayudará a
mejorar tu comprensión auditiva y a conocer de
cerca interesantes aspectos de la cultura británica.
Pues bien, antes de ver el segundo programa, es muy
conveniente que leas todas las actividades que debes
hacer porque te resultará motivador y te ayudará a
comprender lo que vas a ver.
Realiza las actividades de la sección Before you watch
antes de ver el programa deTV: muchas de ellas están
encaminadas a familiarizarte con el lenguaje que se
va a usar y, en ocasiones, a predecirlo.
Realiza las actividades de la sección After you watch
después de ver el programa. Éstas tienen por misión
medir tu comprensión de los diversos elementos.
Un consejo que deberías tener muy en cuenta: no te
preocupes si no entiendes todas y cada una de las
palabras que oigas o leas. Lo importante es entender
lo esencial de cada uno de sus elementos.
9. Consolidation (8ª y 9ª páginas)
Enestapartedellibroserepasanyamplíanloscontenidos
de las sesionesA y B. Cada una de las actividades integra
varias destrezas, bien sea la comprensión auditiva con la
expresión escrita u oral, o la comprensión lectora con la
expresión escrita u oral, etc.
Algunas de estas actividades pueden ser más abiertas
y menos controladas que las de las sesiones A y B.
No debes preocuparte si no sabes si has resuelto
bien la actividad o no. El mismo hecho de realizarla
te ha servido para mucho. Como muchas otras cosas
de la vida, una lengua se aprende practicándola y
cometiendo errores. La corrección de los errores puede
ser importante, pero mucho más importante es el uso y
la práctica de la lengua con o sin errores. No obstante,
la tutoría presencial puede ser un buen momento para
preguntar tus dudas y practicar las actividades orales
de esta sección con tus compañeros.
Self Test (10ª página)
Esta última página de cada unidad te da la oportunidad
de que te autoevalúes y te ayuda a preparar el examen
de fin de módulo. Cada página constará de una
actividad de comprensión auditiva o lectora, así como
de una actividad de expresión oral o escrita y de algún
ejercicio sobre el uso de la lengua.
No debes realizar estos ejercicios hasta después de
haber completado las otras tres partes de la unidad y
después de haber visto los programas A y B de vídeo.
Si te resultan muy difíciles, vuelve a hacer las partes
relevantes de la unidad, vuelve a ver los programas
de televisión, repasa, si es necesario, toda la unidad
y, sobre todo, no te desesperes.
Reference Section
En este nivel intermedio se ha añadido una sección
completa al final del libro que se llama Reference Section.
En ella encontrarás detalladas explicaciones gramaticales
que amplían la información proporcionada por las help
boxesencadaunidad.Tambiénencontraráselvocabulario
principal trabajado en la unidad, con su correspondiente
transcripción fonética en el apartado de Wordlist, así
como las secciones que aparecían en los otros módulos,
List of IrregularVerbs y Phonetic Symbols.
Todos estos elementos están pensados para
proporcionarte la ayuda necesaria con las estructuras y
el vocabulario de cada unidad.
Por último, un consejo muy importante para que
puedas tener éxito con el curso That’s English!:
asiste a las sesiones de tutoría con regularidad. Son
fundamentales para el desarrollo de la expresión oral.
8 THAT’S ENGLISH!
10. THAT’S ENGLISH!
1
UNIT Our planet
9
·To describe countries and their
geographical features
·To make comparisons
OBJECTIVES
The best place on EarthA
Look at the photos. Would you prefer to live in
the countryside or by the sea? Give two reasons.
Answer the questions.
WHILE YOU WATCH
Choose the correct option.
Read the descriptions. Decide if they refer to
Cornwall (C) or the mountains (M).
Listen to the speakers describing their favourite
places in Britain. Match the places in the box to
the descriptions.
AFTER YOU WATCH
2
3
4
5
1
BEFORE YOU WATCH
1 Where did Simon and
Jade each grow up?
2 What is Jade’s decision
in the end?
5 What happens in Cornwall in the summer?
a It rains a lot.
b It is overpopulated with tourists.
c The winds are too strong.
6 What problem does Jade see with living in the
mountains?
a The Internet is too slow.
b It’s too close to the city.
c It’s too windy.
1 It’s an isolated peninsula. …
2 It is a quiet and peaceful place to live. …
3 It’s noisy and windy. …
4 It has the freshest air in Britain. …
5 It is the healthiest environment in the world. …
6 It rains all the time. …
1There are lots of places to go for nice walks.
2 It’s very cosmopolitan.
3 It has beautiful beaches and lovely countryside.
4 It is nice countryside an hour’s drive outside
Edinburgh.
5 It’s got everything that you want in a city.
6 It’s beautiful for its own reasons.
1 … 2 … 3 … 4 … 5 … 6 …
NOW YOU!
Describe the place where you grew up. What
did you like or didn’t you like about living there?
6
I grew up on the coast. I really liked
the sunny weather, but I didn’t like
the tourists in the summertime.
1 Why do Jade and Simon want to move house?
a London is too expensive.
b They have found new jobs.
c They are tired of living in London.
2 Why are Jade and Simon arguing?
a They want to live in different parts of the UK.
b They can’t agree which house to buy.
c Their business is not doing very well.
3 Where is Cornwall?
a It’s north of London.
b It’s in the south-west of Britain.
c It’s in Scotland.
4 What does Jade love about the coast?
a the smell of the sea
b the sound of the sea
c the smell and sound of the sea
London (x2) Loch Ness Cornwall
The Lake District Croydon
11. 10
Our planet
THAT’S ENGLISH!
How much do you know about the United States of America? Decide if the following sentences are true
(3) or false (7).
READING
1
2
1
3
Read the text and check your answers.
Choose the correct option. 4 Match the highlighted words from the text
(1-10) to the correct definition (a-j).
1 More tourists visit the United States than Spain.
2 There are deserts in the north of the United States.
3 The Mississippi River is the longest in the world.
4 Monument Valley contains a monument showing past presidents of the United States.
5 Woody Guthrie was a singer.
1 landscape a characteristics
2 peaks b goes up
3 wilderness c agricultural land
4 features d frontier
5 rises e area with no mountains
6 flows f sides
7 farmland g moves
8 banks h physical appearance of land
9 border i mountains
10 plain j areas with few people and
where no crops are grown
1The United States is ... .
a a popular tourist destination
b visited by more people than any other
country
c a cheap place to visit
2 If you like climbing, you should go to the ... .
a west
b east
c south-west
3The ‘Father of Waters’ is the ... .
a Gulf of Mexico
b United States
c Mississippi River
4 New Orleans is ... .
a the birthplace of MarkTwain
b on the Mississippi River
c a centre of black magic
A country like a continent
If you don’t know where to go on holiday next year, and if money isn’t a problem, the United States of America is one
of the best places to visit. Last year, over 62 million people decided to spend their vacation in the USA which is the
second most visited country in the world after France. One of the reasons they chose this destination is that, quite
simply, there is so much to see.
Geographically, the USA is more similar to a continent than a country. The landscape differs greatly across the 50
states: from tropical beaches in the south-east to the snowy peaks of the Rocky Mountains in the west; from arid
deserts in the south-west to dense green wilderness areas in the north-east and north-west where you can travel for
miles and see no one.
In a country as varied as this, it’s difficult to say what the most iconic geographical features
are. However, no description would be complete without a mention of the Mississippi. The
fourth longest river in the world, it rises in the north of the USA and flows over 2,500 miles
until it reaches the Gulf of Mexico. This ‘Father of Waters’ creates massive areas of fertile
farmland on its long journey, and it contains an amazing variety of wildlife. Many important
cities are located on its banks, including magical New Orleans, the jazz capital of the world.
The river has inspired numerous writers, the most famous being Mark Twain. His books
Tom Sawyer and Huckleberry Finn are part of American popular culture.
The American landscape occupies an important place in national cultural heritage
thanks to the influence of western films. No one understood this better than John Ford,
who set many of his films in Monument Valley on the Utah-Arizona border. This flat
plain, with its red earth, is characterised by spectacular sandstone formations. In the
words of film critic Keith Phipps, it has defined ‘what moviegoers imagine when they
think of the American West.’
Although it is a country of great geographical variations, most people in the USA have a strong sense of national
identity. In the words of the famous folk song by Woody Guthrie, This land is your land, this land is my land... This land
was made for you and me…
(onlinesource)
12. 11
LANGUAGE STUDY
THAT’S ENGLISH!
UNIT 1
Read and complete the text with words from
the box.
Listen and notice the stress.
Now listen again and repeat.
1
2
2
2
Match the adjectives to the pictures.4
1 Have you ever been to the / ø Pyrenees?
2 The / ø Lake Michigan looks like an ocean.
3 I would like to see the / ø fjords in Norway.
4 A lot of Canada is covered with the / ø forests.
5 The / ø Mount Ranier is the highest mountain
in Washington.
6 Robin Hood lived in the / ø Sherwood Forest
whileT.E. Lawrence spent time in the / ø Negev
desert.
Spain is a country rich in geographical (1) ... and
it is full of different (2) ... , from the snowy (3)
... of the Pyrenees to arid (4) ... areas in Aragon
and fertile (5) ... in the north. The centre of the
country is occupied by a large (6) ... . The longest
river is the Tagus, which (7) ... in the Montes
Universales in Teruel and (8) ... 650 miles to the
Atlantic Ocean in Lisbon. The historical city of
Toledo is situated on the north (9) ... of this river.
Choose the correct option.3
Use of the with geographical features
Se usa the con:
- las palabras country, sea, seaside, mountains...
I prefer spending my holidays at the seaside than in
the mountains.
- puntos cardinales y nombres propios de ríos,
océanos, cadenas montañosas…
the snowy peaks of the Rocky Mountains.
No se usa the con nombres propios de continentes,
países, lagos, ciudades...
Lake Tahoe is about 15 hours away by car.
see page 114
bank flows farmland
features landscapes peaks
rises plain wilderness
farmland landscape
valley geographical_feature
wilderness_area mountain mountainous
desert fertile located
deep flat mountainous
narrow shallow wide
1 53
2 64
1The weather in Bilbao is … , but in Almería it
is very … .
2The temperature in Segovia in the summer is
quite … but very … in the winter.
3 When the weather is … , you can turn on the
air conditioning to feel … .
4The climate in the Canary Islands isn’t …
because the temperature is … all year round.
1The heat in Chicago in the summer is very
humid / wet.
2Young children should swim in narrow /
shallow water.
3 In the north-west of England it rains a lot. It’s
very wet / dry.
4The sun is shining. It’s a pleasant warm /
humid day.
5The Mississippi is difficult to cross because it’s
very wide / shallow.
6 I can’t wear this shirt. It’s still damp / humid.
Complete the sentences with the words from
the box.
Choose the correct option.
5
6
Adjectives: wet, humid and damp
Estos adjetivos en ocasiones se confunden.
The weather in Bilbao was wet. (wet = rainy)
I hate humid places: I feel sweaty day and night.
(humid = water in air, hot weather)
The climate in Ireland is cold and damp.
(damp = water in air, cold weather)
cool extreme wet hot
cold dry warm mild
13. 12
Our planet
THAT’S ENGLISH!
No, it’s
quite flat.
England is very
mountainous.
Work in pairs. Say something about England.
Your partner says if it is true or false. Use the
information in activity 7.
8
Read the sentences.What do the expressions in
bold mean? Choose the correct answer.
Choose the correct option.
10
11
1There’s a big difference between the climate of
northern and southern Europe.
2The climate of Spain is similar to the climate
of Italy.
3The climate in tropical countries is very
different from the English climate.
4The weather in the south of England is often
the same as in the north of France.
5The south of Spain is as hot as the north of
Morocco.
6The landscape of the south of Spain differs
greatly from the landscape of England.
7 Like Ireland, England doesn’t have an extreme
climate.
8 Unlike Spain, it’s rarely very hot in England in
the summer.
9 Nobody knows him as she does.
1 Great Britain isn’t as big like / as Spain.
2 It / There is a big difference between the
landscape in Norway and Kenya.
3 Like / Similar in Sweden, the winter in Finland
can be very cold.
4The landscape in the west of the United States
differs greatly from / is very different the
landscape in the centre.
5The Matterhorn is the same mountain that / as
Monte Cervino.
1The seasons change … near the Equator.
(slowly)
2 Cherrapunji in India is ... place in the world.
(wet)
3 Rivers flow ... when it rains a lot. (quickly)
4 Denmark is one of ... countries in Europe. (flat)
5The Pacific Ocean is ... than the Atlantic. (deep)
6The Atacama Desert, Chile, is … desert in the
world. (dry)
Complete with the correct form of the adjectives
and adverbs in brackets.
9
Adjectives and adverbs: comparative and superlative
- La forma comparativa se forma así:
- the + adjetivo / adverbio +-er + than
- more + adjetivo / adverbio + than
There aren’t many larger countries than the USA.
He climbed Mount Everest more slowly than I did.
- La forma superlativa se forma así:
- the + adjetivo / adverbio +-est
- the most + adjetivo / adverbio
The fourth longest river in the world is in my country.
It’s difficult to say what the most important
geographical features are.
see page 114
Complete the text with words from the box.7
England is (1) ... by Scotland in the north, while
Wales (2) ... the country to the west. Most of its
landscape is quite (3) ... , but there are higher, (4)
... areas in the north. England is separated from
France by the English Channel. On a clear day
you can see France from the town of Dover as the
Channel is very (5) ... here. To be exact, it is only
34 km (6) ... . In general it is a very (7) ... area of
water: it is never more than 174 metres (8) ... . All
in all, we can say that England has a (9) ... climate.
Summers are (10) ... while spring and autumn are
(11) ... . Winters, however, are cold and (12) … .
bordered borders cool damp
deep flat mountainous narrow
shallow temperate warm wide
different similar the same
Listen to the conversation. Select the picture
that shows...
Listen again and decide if the sentences are true
(3) or false (7). Correct the false ones.
1 where Barry lives now.
2 where he might live in the future.
1 Barry needs a change.
2 He went to north-west Scotland last year.
3 Barry would like to live somewhere more
exciting.
4 North-west Scotland is warm and dry.
5 Barry has decided to live in north-west
Scotland.
12
3
13
3
a cb
14. UNIT 1
THAT’S ENGLISH! 13
Wonders of the worldB
Read the definition of aWorld Heritage Site. Can
you name two places in your country which
match this description?
1
BEFORE YOU WATCH
Documentary
Match the World Heritage Sites (1-3) to the
categories (a-c).
Choose the correct option.
3
4
AFTER YOU WATCH
Documentary
Tick (3) the words in the box which best
describe the climate in your region.
2
That’s Britain!
Answer the questions aboutThe Eden Project.6
That’s Britain!
1 What is the name of the yellow flowers from
the outdoor area?
2 What is the climate like in the Rainforest
Biome?
3 What is the name of the Biome that represents
hot dry summers?
4 What familiar or recognisable trees does the
presenter show?
5 What is Abby and Oliver’s favourite biome?
6 What is special about the zip wire?
1The Causeway Coast a cultural
2 Stonehenge b natural
3 St. Kilda Island c natural and cultural
1The Jurassic coast is exceptional because of its
rocks / size.
2The Jurassic coastline is 95 / 185 miles long.
3The rock layers on the coast reveal information
about dinosaurs / plants and wildlife.
4The Jurassic coast is important for historians /
geologists.
5 Visitors to the coast can also walk and go bird
watching / go swimming.
6The erosion of the site is an advantage / a
problem for geologists.
NOW YOU!
Have you been to any of the places listed above?
If yes, what were your impressions? Which of
these places or other natural sites would you
like to see and why?
7
I have been to the Grand Canyon. I
was amazed by its size. It was very
spectacular and very beautiful. I’d...
A World Heritage Site is a place that is of special
cultural or natural importance, for example
forests, deserts, monuments or cities.
cool dry
foggy windy
sunny humid
cloudy mild
Listen to the speakers describing their countries.
Which geographical feature does each speaker
talk about?
5
Same language, different lives
1 a lochs / lakes b mountains
2 a countryside b glaciers
3 a Ayers Rock b beaches
4 a Grand Canyon bThe Rocky Mountains
5 aThe Rocky Mountains b waterfalls
6 a seaside cliffs b green countryside
7 a tropical islands b sun, sea and beach
321
75 6
4
15. 14
Our planet
THAT’S ENGLISH!
READING
Look at the pictures.Which place would be interesting for an archaeologist (1), a marine biologist (2), a
botanist (3) and a zoologist (4)?
Listen and answer the questions.
1 A dry area with beautiful lakes
2 Studying impressions on rocks shows how
animals evolved and adapted.
3 Areas containing large amounts of fresh water
4The beauty of nature: not a new idea
5 Variety makes the world special.
1 What do the different continents have in
common?
2 What happened 35 million years ago?
3 Why are the fossils at Riversleigh important?
4 Why isThe Glaciers National Park ecologically
significant?
5 What do many people on holiday in Argentina
visit?
6 What is strange about the location of the Lakes
of Ounianga?
7 Do Thoreau and Aristotle agree? Explain your
answer.
1
Read the text and match the headings (1-5) to the correct paragraphs (a-e).2
Complete the sentences with the correct
highlighted word in the text.
4
(onlinesource)
1 Lakes are large areas of … water, although
there are a few saltwater lakes.They are bigger
than … .
2 Rabbits don’t live in rainforests, they live in ... .
3 I prefer beaches with ... and ... trees.
4 Bears sometimes hibernate in ... .
5The largest ... in Europe is in Norway. There
aren’t any in Spain.
6 Rocks are big … .
7 Riversleigh is not the only … in Australia.
a cb d
ice field rainforestgrassland desert
a ‘We can never have enough of nature,’ said the
writer Henry David Thoreau, and who would
disagree? The more we learn about the world,
the more we realise how incredibly diverse it is.
Each continent tells a different story, but the basic
message is always the same: the natural world
is uniquely special. Here we look at three of the
natural wonders of planet Earth.
b Australia is unlike anywhere else on Earth. The
reason is simple: 35 million years ago it separated
from the rest of the world. As a result, it contains
an absolutely unique collection of animals. What’s
more, by looking at its rich deposits of fossils,
scientists can learn how they evolved. Riversleigh,
in the north of the country, is Australia’s most
important fossil site. The area contains thousands
of fossils located in stones, rocks, water pools and
caves. They show how animals adapted as the
ecosystem changed from dense rainforest to semi-
arid grassland.
c The Glaciers National Park, in Patagonia in the
south of Argentina, is an area of exceptional natural
beauty, with high mountains and glacial lakes. This
vast alpine area includes the Patagonian ice field
which extends over 14,000 km2
and is the third
largest reserve of fresh water in the world. One
of the most famous glaciers in the ice field is the
spectacular blue-coloured Perito Moreno, which is
now a major tourist attraction in Argentina.
d The Ennedi region of the Sahara Desert is a boiling
and arid place, with very few plants or flowers.
However, in the middle of this wilderness area,
where the sun burns like fire, are the stunning
Lakes of Ounianga. There are eighteen in total,
and none of them has exactly the same colour.
The landscape is absolutely beautiful: blue, green
and red lakes, surrounded by palm trees, sand
dunes and spectacular rock formations, all in the
middle of a desert that stretches over thousands
of kilometres.
e These are three very different areas, each with its
own unique features, but each part of the mosaic
of the natural world. Aristotle was surely right
when over 2,000 years ago he pronounced, ‘In all
things of nature there is something marvellous.’
It’s a wonderful world
3
4
16. 15THAT’S ENGLISH!
Listen to the pronunciation of these words.They
all contain a diphthong followed by the schwa
sound /ə/.
Listen, check and repeat.
Complete the table with the words in the box.
LANGUAGE STUDY
UNIT 1
1 /aɪə/ fire, variety
2 /əʊə/ slower, rower
3 /aʊə/ flower, tower
4 /eɪə/ player, gayer
5 /ɔɪə/ lawyer, employer
1The flatter the country,…
2The more humid the climate,…
3The deeper the ocean,…
4The shallower the water,…
5The narrower the river,…
a the safer it is for children to play.
b the easier it is to travel.
c the more difficult it is for boats to sail.
d the colder the water.
e the more uncomfortable you feel.
1 … 2 … 3 … 4 … 5 …
1
5
2
Match the beginning (1-5) and end (a-e) of each
sentence.
3
Write complete sentences with a double
comparative.
Look at the picture and complete the sentences
with the correct word.There is one extra word.
4
5
1 big / country / varied / landscape
2 high / you climb / good / the view
3 I know about Kenya / I want to go there
4 spectacular / landscape / easily / you remember
it
5 far / you travel / you love the world
1 The … of Cádiz is a body of water near the
border of Spain and Portugal.
2 … Canaveral in Florida is where they launch
space rockets.
3The Pampas is a huge area of … in Argentina,
Uruguay and Brazil.
4The Amazon is the largest … in the world.
5The … of Gibraltar is only 13 kms wide.
6 About 40% of Spain’s land is made up of the
Castilian … .
7 On top of that … there is an old castle.
8 On the beach atArcachon in south-west France,
there is a … that is over 100 metres high!
Double comparative: the (slower) ... , the (better)
Utilizamos the + comparative , the + comparative con
adjetivos y adverbios para expresar que dos cosas se
relacionan: cuando un cambio tiene lugar, le sigue otro
como consecuencia.
The more we learn about the world, the more we
realise that it is an incredible place.
The warmer the weather, the lighter the clothes that
you wear.
see page 116
My ideal holiday would be to go to a tropical
beach with palm trees and sand dunes. I love hot
weather. The warmer, the better! What’s more,
it’s not a problem for me if it’s quite humid. On
the other hand, I hate cold weather, so I wouldn’t
want to go somewhere like Alaska with glaciers
and ice fields. I’d rather be in a rainforest than
go there!
I usually spend my summer holidays in the area
of La Vera in central Spain. There are lots of
natural pools, and it’s very pleasant.
Read the text and adapt it so that it is true for
you.
6
drier higher tired liar lower
Howard our sour greyer
layer loyal royal destroyer
/aɪə/ /əʊə/ /aʊə/ /eɪə/ /ɔɪə/
rainforest sand dune
plateau
gulf
mountain range
cape
hill
strait
grassland
My ideal holiday wouldn’t be to go to a tropical
beach. I don’t like hot weather. The cooler, the
better...
6
17. 16
Our planet
THAT’S ENGLISH!
CONSOLIDATION
Look at the map and answer the questions.
Read the article and match the opening sentence (1-5)
to each paragraph (a-e).
Read the text again. Decide if the following sentences are true (3) or false (7). Correct the false ones.
Read the comparison of the two pictures. Correct the underlined mistakes.
2
3
4
1 Can you name the seven continents?
2 In which continent do you think the largest desert in
the world is?
1 Antarctica wasn’t always such a cold, inhospitable place.
2 Antarctica is the only area in the world where humans
have not lived for thousands of years.
3This probably sounds rather strange to you.
4 When we think of Antarctica, we usually picture it as a fixed land mass.
5 Sometimes, popular ideas about geography can be completely wrong.
1 Most deserts actually contain ice.
2The Sahara isn’t the biggest desert in the world.
3 It never rains or snows in Antarctica.
4 Fossils in Antarctica show that the climate used to be different.
5 The size of Antarctica changes over several months.
6 Antarctica has recently been attracting a lot of new inhabitants.
In general, picture A is very (1) similar to picture B. It has (2)
the same geographical features as picture B. (3) Like picture B,
picture A is located in the Alps. The landscape in the two pictures
(4) doesn’t differ much. The landscape in picture A is (5) less
mountainous than picture B. I think that it’s probably (6) more
difficult to find water in picture A. The climate in A is (7) hotter and
drier than in B and we can see palm trees in B. They often grow in
(8) rainforests. Of the two pictures, I prefer A because it shows (9)
grassland, which is very (10) different from the landscape in some
areas of my home country, Canada.
1
a ... Think about deserts, for example. They’re usually full of sand and very hot, aren’t they? Wrong! In reality,
only 20% of the desert areas of the planet are formed of sand. Several of them even consist of ice! The biggest
desert on the Earth is actually in the Antarctic, and it’s much bigger than the Sahara.
b ... How can you have a desert that consists of ice? The answer lies in the definition of a desert. In simple
terms, it is a region that is very dry because very little rain or snow falls there. But doesn’t it snow a lot in
Antarctica? The answer will surprise you: Antarctica is the driest continent on the planet! What’s more, around
0.03% of it has no ice at all. In this so called Dry Valley region conditions are, in many ways, very similar to
those on Mars. For example, it is very cold and it never rains or snows.
c ... About 200 million years ago it was connected to South America, Africa, India, Australia, and New Zealand
in one large continent called Gondwana. The climate was warm, and there was an abundance of trees and large
animals. Today, however, only geological formations and fossils indicate what the continent was like millions
of years ago.
d ... Once again, however, we have the wrong idea. At the beginning of winter, the
Antarctic sea-ice actually begins to expand. Every day, it advances by around 40,000
square miles (100,000 square kilometres). Eventually, the continent becomes twice as
big as in the summer! So, the colder the temperature, the larger it becomes.
e ... Even today, only two or three thousand scientists live there on a permanent basis —
in an area which is 50% larger than Australia! Moreover, when you think of the extreme
conditions, it doesn’t seem probable that many more people will want to come in the
near future.
Antarctica: fact and fiction
1
2
3
5
6
7
4
A B
(onlinesource)
18. 17THAT’S ENGLISH!
UNIT 1
Talk about the differences between these three
landscapes. Use the expressions in activity 4 to
help you.
rainforest desert
wet flatdry
the desert
the rainforest
grassland
the mountains
grassland
Complete the text with the correct form of the
words in the box.
Look at the table and answer the questions.
Write a description of Australia and New
Zealand. Use the model text in activity 9, as well
as the information from the table and your own
answers to activity 10.
11
The landscape in the Amazon is completely
different from the landscape in the
mountains. For example, the temperature
is higher in the rainforest and the climate is
very humid…
Geographically, Australia is very different
from New Zealand. First of all, it’s much
bigger...
Geographically, Spain is very (1) ... from Britain. First
of all, it’s much (2) ... . It also has a (3) ... climate. In
Britain, the climate is (4) ... . Spain is also much (5) ...
than the UK, with several mountain ranges (a chain of
mountains) over 2,000 metres. The (6) ... point in the
UK, on the other hand, is only 1,350 metres above sea
level. Spain’s rivers are also a lot longer. For example,
the Tagus, the (7) ... river in Spain, is almost three
times (8) ... than the River Severn, the longest river in
the United Kingdom.
Although the countries (9) ... greatly in many aspects,
the sea is an important element in both of them:
Britain is an island and Spain is (10) ... on three sides
by the sea.
5
Which of these habitats do you think is the
most hostile to live in and why?
Listen to an interview with an explorer. What is
his answer to the question in activity 6?
Listen again and choose the correct option.
1 Ralph loves / doesn’t love the Gobi Desert.
2There are / aren’t lots of people in the desert.
3You can see lions / snow leopards and bears.
4You need / don’t need to wear special clothes
in the winter.
5The rainforest is as hostile as / more hostile
than the desert.
6
7
7
8
7
bordered differ long (x2) different
high mild big mountainous extreme
1 Which country is bigger?
2 Do both countries have extreme variations in
climate?
3 Which country is greener?
4 Which country is more mountainous?
5 Which country has the longest river?
6 Is the sea an important element in both
countries?
Australia New Zealand
Area 7.7 million km2
0.3 million km2
Climate
extremes
High: 50ºC
Low: -23ºC
High: 42ºC
Low: -25ºC
Habitat
principally
desert or
grassland
principally
forest or
grassland
Highest
point
2,200 metres 3,700 metres
Longest
river
Murray:
2,500 km
Waikato:
425 km
Borders
consists of two
islands, one
very big and one
small (Tasmania)
consists of
two islands,
the North and
South Islands
10
9
19. THAT’S ENGLISH!
SELF TEST
18
Complete the text with the correct word in the
box.
1
UNIT 1
Write the correct form of the adjective or adverb.
Complete the sentences with the correct word.
4
5
1 London is situated on the ... of the River
Thames.
2 Mont Blanc is the highest ... in the European
Union.
3 The River Loire ... in the Cevennes mountains
and ... over 1,000 km to the Atlantic Ocean.
4 The United States is a country of very
contrasting ... .
5 Very few people live in ... areas.
6 The oceans are the most important
geographical ... of the Earth.
4 ... Australia, New Zealand is a very green
country.
5 Ireland isn’t as big ... England.
6 Life in hot countries ... greatly from life in cold
ones.
banks feature flows landscapes
peak rises wilderness
unlike differs as (x2) difference to
Choose the correct option.
Write the opposite of the adjective.
2
3
1 I would like to go to the / ø Alps.
2 Many animals live by the / ø rivers.
3 Have you been to the / ø Lake Victoria?
4 The / ø Sahara Desert is the biggest in the
world.
5 The / ø Mount Kilimanjaro is the highest
mountain in Africa.
1 mountainous 4 dry
2 wide 5 cool
3 deep 6 extreme
1 Lake Baikal is ... (deep) lake in the world.
2 Sam was working ... (hard) than his brother.
3 Almería is ... (dry) city in Europe.
4 Pemba Dorje is the person who has climbed
Mount Everest ... (quickly).
5 France is ... (large) country in Europe.
6 It’s ... (difficult) to breathe at high altitude than
at sea level.
7 It’s ... (easy) to travel when the weather is good.
8The wind is blowing ... (strongly) today than
yesterday.
1 Ávila has the same climate ... Burgos.
2 Italian is similar ... Spanish.
3There’s a big ... between tropical and temperate
climates.
Complete the sentences with a missing word or
the correct form of the word in brackets.
Identify the odd word out and say briefly why it
doesn’t belong in the set.
Complete the sentences with wet, humid or
damp.
Write an email to a friend who is going to visit
you and your country or region. Remember
to write about the landscape, the climate and
specific geographical features.
6
7
8
11
1 ... I travel, … I learn.
2 ... (long) the river, ... (interesting) the journey.
3 ... (wet) the climate, ... you need an umbrella.
4 ... time we spend together, ... (good) I
understand you.
5 ... (simple) the food, ... (delicious) it tastes.
1 desert, ice fields, sand dunes, palm trees
2 pools, lakes, caves, oceans
3 stones, rainforest, grassland, mountains
4 damp, humid, cloudy, wet
1 TheweatherinNewDelhiisveryuncomfortable
in the summer. It is hot and ... .
2The bedroom in my new flat is terrible. It’s cold
and ... .
3 It rains a lot in the west of Ireland. It’s a very
... climate.
Listen to the conversation.Who likes England?
Listen again. Listen and tick (3) the subjects
they talk about.
1 the girl 2 the boy 3 the girl and the boy
1 the economy 5 geographical features
2 climate 6 schools
3 landscape 7 tourism
4 the population
9
8
10
8
Send
Hi Dennis,
I’m really looking forward to your visit. This is
what you can expect to find in my country. Here
the weather is constantly changing. Remember
that the climate here is quite mild…
20. THAT’S ENGLISH!
2
UNIT Good science,
bad ethics?
19
·To discuss the purpose of scientific
issues
·To make students aware of some
current scientific trends
OBJECTIVES
Sports & performance-enhancing drugsA
Read and tick (3) the sentences you agree with.
Complete the sentences with words from the
video.
Which of the following excuses for taking drugs
do people talk about in the video?
Listen to people talking about the technological
advances they would like to see in the future.
Which two ideas are not mentioned?
AFTER YOU WATCH
Answer the questions.
WHILE YOU WATCH
2
3
4
5
1
BEFORE YOU WATCH
a The drugs won’t show up on the tests.
b Drugs are safer these days because your body
can break them down.
c It’s OK to take drugs for a short time and then
stop when you’re on the team.
d Sports authorities don’t test for drugs
anymore.
e There’s hardly any difference between legal
and illegal drugs.
f The drugs are actually good for the body.
1 Advances in biotechnology
2 Safer transportation
3 Space travel
4 A cure for cancer
5 Improvements in information technology
6 Faster Internet connections
7 Portable heaters
8Tele-transportation
NOW YOU!
What technical advances would you like to see
in the future? Explain how these improvements
would affect your life.
6
I would like to see faster international
transportation, so that a flight between
Spain and Australia only takes four
hours.This would mean I could visit my
family there more easily…
1 Lynn is in training for the … in a few weeks.
2 Joe, who is Lynn’s … , is helping her.
3 Lynn is training even though her … is injured.
4 Lynn’s rival, Krystle Spearman, is taking … .
5 Joe says that Lynn won’t … for the team
without the drugs.
6 Bill thinks that people who take drugs are … .
7 If Lynn is caught taking drugs, she could be …
from competitive cycling.
1 Most athletes only use drugs because they are
pressured by big business to win.
2 Athletes should be allowed to use drugs if
they want to.
3 Athletes like Lance Armstrong and Marion
Jones should be banned for life from all
competition for taking performance-enhancing
drugs.
1 What does Joe think
about taking drugs?
2 How long can drugs
stay in your system?
21. 20
Good science, bad ethics?
THAT’S ENGLISH!
Which of the opinions about drugs and sport do you agree with?
READING
1
2
9
3
Read the text and decide what it is about.
Decide if the following sentences are true (3) or
false (7). Correct the false ones.
4 Match the highlighted words from the test to
the correct meaning.
1 Athletes who take drugs should be disqualified for life.
2 It is inevitable that professional athletes will take drugs. We can’t stop it.
3Taking drugs to improve sporting performance should be legal.
1 boost his performance
a improve results b become famous
2 banning
a legalising b prohibiting
3 do research
a open laboratories b do scientific studies
4 carry out trials
a do tests bparticipateincongresses
5 comes to the conclusion
a disagrees b decides
6 gaining an advantage
a obtaining a favourable situation
b breaking a record
1 After Armstrong confessed that he had taken
drugs, he lost his sevenTour titles.
2 Savulescu thinks that Armstrong did a terrible
thing.
3 Savulescu thinks that performance-enhancing
drugs should be permitted.
4 In Savulescu’s opinion, sport will be more
interesting if drugs are allowed.
5 It is probable that many top athletes will take
drugs at some time in their career.
6 Armstrong thinks that his behaviour was
justified in the context of professional cycling.
1 Lance Armstrong 2 Drugs and sport 3The benefits of using drugs in cycling
(onlinesource)
On 17th January 2013
Lance Armstrong, the
seven time winner of the
Tour de France, publicly
admitted that he had taken
drugs so that he could
boost his performance.
His confession came three
months after officials had already taken away his
seven Tour titles. Nearly everyone condemned the
cyclist, including his loyal fans. However, did he
really do something so terribly wrong?
Julian Savulescu, an academic at Oxford University,
thinks that Armstrong has been the victim of unfair
criticism. In Savulescu’s opinion, if professional
athletes want to be the best, it is inevitable that
they will take substances for improving their
performance. Furthermore, he points out that
banning drugs in sport just makes the situation
worse. Savulescu argues that if drugs were legal,
then scientists could do research in order to learn
how to use them safely. They could also carry
out trials and check and publish the results. Mr
Savulescu comes to the conclusion that sport
doesn’t lose all value if everyone is allowed to take
drugs. As he explains, if all athletes or players use
steroids, the essence of competition doesn’t change
because the best person will still always win.
Perhaps, as Mr Savulescu suggests, it is unrealistic
to hope that professional athletes will never take
substances in order to perform better. After all, the
financial incentives can be huge, with top stars like
Tiger Woods or Roger Federer earning over $70
million a year. Just think about it: if drugs could
help you to earn millions of dollars as a world-class
athlete, wouldn’t you look into using them?
Of course, not everyone thinks that the use of
performance-enhancing drugs is inevitable. The
Catholic Church, for example, recently protested
that professional sport is now a huge business
operation where people just focus on money. In this
new environment, athletes simply become products
and lose their basic human dignity.
Interestingly, Lance Armstrong does not think that
he was cheating or gaining an unfair advantage. His
explanation couldn’t be simpler: everyone else was
taking drugs, so to win he had to take them too.
Faster, Higher, Stronger... but how?
22. 21
LANGUAGE STUDY
THAT’S ENGLISH!
UNIT 2
Listen to the pronunciation of the diphthongs
/aɪ/, /eɪ/, and /ɔɪ/ followed by the schwa sound /ə/.
Practise saying the words and write them in the
correct column.
Listen and check.
Listen to an interview with sports doctor
Annette Wilson. Choose the best summary of
her views.
Listen again and decide if the sentences are true
(3) or false (7). Correct the false ones.
2
1
10
11
5
12
6
12
Choose the correct option.4
Complete the two dialogues with the verbs in
the box.
3
tired drier wire fire greyer
payer layer sprayer royal
lawyer destroyer employer
ban carry check come done
gain improve take
1 Bananas can be considered a drug substance.
2 Using drugs to improve sporting performance
is wrong.
3 Answering a question about using drugs to
improve sporting performance is not very
easy.
1 Some competitors use substances to perform
better.
2 Not all athletes take drugs.
3You will become a better tennis player if you
eat bananas.
4 Bananas and drugs have a similar effect on
athletes.
5 Athletes gain an unfair advantage if they take
drugs.
1 We should / shouldn’t ban cigarettes and
alcohol in order to…
2 I’ve always / never done sport so that I...
3 Students should / shouldn’t take drugs or
caffeine tablets to…
4 Exercising every day is / isn’t good for…
1 At the moment, athletes cannot legally take
drugs for / to boost their performance.
2 Scientists do research so that / for they can
make new discoveries.
3 A laboratory is a place for / to doing
experiments.
4 Armstrong took drugs in order to / in order
gain an unfair advantage.
5 She checked the results in order to not / in
order not to make a mistake.
6They carried out trials so / for they could see
the effects of the drug.
Complete the sentences so that they are true for
you. Give a reason for each.
7
Expressing purpose
Para expresar intención o propósito, utilizamos
oraciones subordinadas introducidas por so (that) +
clause, to + infinitive, in order (not) to + infinitive, y
for + -ing.
He had taken drugs so (that) he could boost his
performance.
He ate some fruit to boost his energy level.
In order to compete he had to take drugs.
They will take substances for improving their
performance.
see page 116
1 /aɪə/ higher, liar, trial
2 /eɪə/ player, conveyer, surveyor
3 /ɔɪə/ loyal, soya
/aɪə/ /eɪə/ /ɔɪə/
1 A: Would you ever (1) …
drugs to (2) … your
performance?
B: No way! I think that we
should (3) … drugs in
all sports. People who
use them (4) … an
unfair advantage.
2 A:You’ve (5) … a lot of
research. Have you (6)
… to a conclusion?
B: Not yet. We need to (7)
… our results and to
(8) … out some more
trials first.
We should ban cigarettes and alcohol
in order to improve people’s health.
Cigarettes kill lots of people every year,
and alcohol can make people violent.
23. 22
Good science, bad ethics?
THAT’S ENGLISH!
Match the beginnings (1-4) to the ends (a-d) of
the sentences.
8
Read the text and answer the questions.
Use the model above to write a similar text
(120 words) on this topic: Should professional
athletes take performance-enhancing drugs?
Include one argument for and one against.
12
13
1 What is the text about?
2 What arguments does the writer give to
support the topic?
3 What arguments does he give against it?
4 What is the writer’s opinion on this topic?
1 If people eat too much,...
2 If you want to become fitter,...
3 If you don’t speak English,...
4 It’s not a good idea to run five miles if...
1 If athletes take certain drugs,
2 Can scientists come to firm conclusions
3 Ifresearcherscarryoutdangerousexperiments,
4 Athletes are eliminated from the competition
a they wear special clothes.
b if they don’t pass the drug test.
c their performance often improves.
d if they don’t carry out a lot of research?
1 If drugs could help you earn millions of dollars,
wouldn’t you look into the possibility of using
them? examine / consider
2 Professional sport is now a huge business
operation where people just focus on money.
3 We must set up better programmes to detect
the illegal use of drugs.
4 Scientists need to keep up with the latest
discoveries in their field.
5You must back up your opinions with facts.
Complete the sentences with your own ideas.
Use the zero conditional.
Match the expressions in the box to the verbs in
sentences (1-7).
Complete the sentences with an appropriate
verb from activity 10.
9
10
11
Zero conditional: if + present simple… present simple
Se utiliza para expresar situaciones generales que
siempre se cumplen.
If + subject + present simple + subject + present simple.
If athletes take drugs, it boosts their performance.
Athletes’ performance improves if they train hard.
see page 116
Phrasal and prepositional verbs
Son verbos seguidos de preposiciones o adverbios que
modifican el significado original del verbo.
He is carrying out (is performing) research on stem cells.
He is carrying his suitcase.
Sarah came up with (found) a brilliant idea.
Tom came home late from the laboratory.
see page 117
Should the government spend more money
on scientific research?
Some people believe that the government should
pay for scientific research, while others oppose it
strongly.
On the one hand, they argue that scientific research
saves and improves millions of people’s lives every
year. Besides, when a country spends money on
research, it also creates new industries and new jobs.
On the other hand, others think that private
companies should be the ones investing in it. This
way the government could spend the money on
social matters like education and social care.
In conclusion, while many think that governments
should be responsible for investing in scientific
research, others believe it should be the
responsibility of private companies. In my view, we
must be aware that our lives shouldn’t depend on
private companies’ interests.
progress more slowly than
concentrate on find / invent organise
justify / support examine / consider
be constantly informed about
1 I can’t keep up with all your news. You do
something different every day!
2That’s an interesting theory, but where is the
data to … it …?
3You’re trying to do too many things.You need
to … a smaller number of activities.
4That’s a terrible idea! Can’t you … something
better?
5Your analysis is very superficial. You really
need to … this more carefully.
6You’re going to … the rest of the class if you
don’t work harder.
7 I can’t … this experiment if I don’t have the
right equipment.
6 I must come up with a way to improve my
performance.
7 We will fall behind other countries if we don’t
spend more on research.
Nowadays, many people believe that
professional athletes shoudn’t take drugs
even if it boosts their performance. However,
others maintain that...
24. UNIT 2
THAT’S ENGLISH! 23
Two is better than oneB
Read the two statements about advances in
genetic technology. Which one do you agree
with? Give reasons for your answer.
1
BEFORE YOU WATCH
Documentary
Decide if the sentences are true (3) or false (7).
Correct the false ones.
Match the topics (1-4) to the photos (a-d).
3
2
AFTER YOU WATCH
Documentary
Same language, different lives
Match the places (1-4) to the descriptions (a-f).5
That’s Britain!
1 Land’s End
2 Goonhilly Wind Farm
3 Goonhilly Earth Station
4 GeevorTin Mine
a The machinery is no longer in operation
because it’s too expensive.
b The first ever transatlantic TV pictures were
broadcast from here.
c It is the most westerly point on mainland
Britain.
d There are very deep shafts under the ground.
e It is used for tracking and monitoring
spaceships and satellites.
f It generates electricity for homes in a 200
square mile radius.
1 pesticides 3 privacy on the Internet
2 wind farm 4 genetically modified foods (GMF)
1 Genetic technology is dangerous because
people will want to create ‘super humans’. It
could mean that people with money will be
able to pay to have better looking and more
intelligent children.
2 With advances in genetic technology, we will
one day be able to cure all diseases. In the
future, nobody will be born with a genetic
illness.
1The first animal to be cloned was a sheep.
2 Dolly is the only animal that has been
successfully cloned.
3 Scientists are trying to clone single organs to
be used in transplants.
4 Out of every 100 cells that are cloned, more
than 50% will live.
5Through human enhancement technology
parents can make their babies more intelligent.
6 Cloning won’t be fully developed in this
century.
7 Genetic engineering technology will help
people live longer.
NOW YOU!
a
b
c
d
Listen to the speakers describing controversial
scientific issues in their country. Match the
speakers (1-6) to the issue (a-e).
4
Same language, different lives
a cloning
b genetically modified foods (GMF)
c performance-enhancing drugs
d pesticides
e wind farms
1 … 2 … 3 … 4 … 5 … 6 …
1
2
3
4
5
6
What scientific issues cause debate in your
country? Explain why the issue is controversial
and give your own opinion.
6
Genetic engineering technology is
controversial in my country. Many people
are against this technology because of
their religious beliefs. I think that…
25. 24
Good science, bad ethics?
THAT’S ENGLISH!
READING
Imagine that you want to have a baby. Which of the
following would you like to choose if it were possible?
Listen and answer the questions. Complete the sentences with the highlighted
word from the test.
1 Why we shouldn’t produce designer babies.
2 A revolutionary new technology
3 Difficult choices
4 Why shouldn’t we use genetic engineering to
produce healthy babies?
5 Parents won’t need to worry what the baby looks like.
1 the baby’s sex
2 the baby’s physical appearance
3 the baby’s intelligence
4 the baby’s general health
1
5
Read the text. Match the headings (1-5) to the paragraphs (a-e).2
Find three acronyms in the text. How do you
say them in your own language?
4
1 We all begin as ... .
2 ... is already used to produce food.
3 People with cancer can have many different
... .
4 Cholera and malaria are very serious ... .
5 ... may become a reality soon.
1 IVF (in vitro fertilisation) 2 … 3 …
1 How has science helped infertile couples?
2 What information will science be able to give
parents about their unborn child?
3 According to the text, why will designer babies
be healthy?
4 Why are some people against designer babies?
5 What is one valid objection the text mentions
about designer babies?
(onlinesource)(onlinesource)
a ... Today, more couples than ever before can
have children thanks to in vitro fertilisation (IVF).
In fact, over five million IVF babies have been born
throughout the world since the first ‘test tube
baby’ was conceived in 1978. But in spite of this
revolutionary technology, all parents still have to wait
nine months before they know some essential things
about their child: Will he (or she) be tall or short?
Blond-haired or brown-eyed? And most important of
all, will he or she be physically and mentally healthy?
b ... The good news is that in the future parents may
not need to worry about this. Potentially, we now
have the scientific knowledge to produce designer
babies that are guaranteed to be healthy because
they come from genetically modified embryos. The
question is: should we use this knowledge?
c ... Some people think that designer babies are
immoral because they go against nature. However,
it is possible to use this same argument against
medical science in general, because all medicine
tries to stop certain natural processes in our body,
called diseases . Obviously, no one seriously suggests
that we shouldn’t try to cure diseases or relieve
their symptoms. In the same way, why shouldn’t
we apply our medical knowledge to make sure that
babies are born healthy? After all, we shouldn’t
forget that genetic engineering is already used in
many other contexts. For example, many countries
already produce genetically modified crops (GMCs)
to increase food production, so why can’t we also
use genetic modification to produce healthy human
beings?
d ... However, there are some valid objections to
designer babies. At the beginning, we will have to
carry out a lot of clinical trials on human embryos
in order to perfect the process. But what are we
going to do with the embryos after the experiments?
Destroy them? In addition, we don’t really know
the exact connection between someone’s DNA and
their personal characteristics. So, when we try to
genetically manipulate embryos, we can’t really be
sure of the results.
e ... As science progresses, it creates exciting new
possibilities. However, it also presents us with new
moral dilemmas. In the end, we can only hope that
we make the right choices. It’s not going to be easy.
The perfect baby
3
13
26. 25THAT’S ENGLISH!
Some words with two syllables are stressed
differently if they are used as a noun or a verb.
Listen to the two sentences.
Listen and check.
Choose the correct option.
Complete the sentences. Put the verb in the
active or passive as appropriate.
Decide which syllable is stressed in the
underlined words in these sentences.
LANGUAGE STUDY
UNIT 2
1 We now have the scientific knowledge to
produce designer babies.
2 We bought fresh produce at the store.
1 In verbs the stress falls on the first / second
syllable.
2 In nouns the stress falls on the first / second
syllable.
1 The Earth ... (turn) 360° every day.
2 Water ... (boil) at 100°C.
3 Aspirins ... (use) to treat headaches.
4 People ... (can’t / breathe) easily at very high
altitudes.
5 When ... adrenaline … (produce) in our body?
6 How long ... camels … (can / survive) without
water?
1 As science progresses, it creates exciting new
possibilities.
2 We need to make better progress.
3 It presents us with new moral dilemmas.
4 Did you get any good birthday presents?
5 We should increase spending on genetic
engineering.
6 There has been an increase in the number of
cases of cancer in Japan.
1
14
15
2
4
3
Complete the texts with the words from the
box.There is one extra word in each box.
5
1 (1) ... science has made great
progress in the last 50 years.
We can now cure many more
(2) ... and we can (3) ... the
symptoms of others.
2 Most people think that (4)
... , which is a form of (5) ...
reproduction, is a good thing.
However, opinions about (6) ...
babies are much more divided.
3 Have you ever eaten genetically
modified (7) ... ? Can you taste
the difference? What do you
think about genetic (8) ... being
applied to human (9) ... ?
Expressing general truths
Para hablar de hechos, datos científicos se usan:
- Present simple
Medicine tries to stop certain natural processes in our
body.
Do individual characteristics depend on our DNA?
Science doesn’t help us to solve ethical dilemmas.
- Present simple passive
Cancer is produced naturally in our own body.
Are colds caused by viruses?
- Can + infinitive
Thanks to IVF, more couples can have children.
Can we predict the physical appearance of children?
see page 117
1 If you used genetic engineering, what qualities
would you choose for your child?
2 In your opinion, are designer babies acceptable
to help prevent diseases? Why / why not?
3 Do you think it’s immoral to choose the sex or
physical appearance of your baby? Why?
Ask your partner the following questions and
be ready to give answers as well.
6
relieve medicine diseases medical
assisted designer IVF DNA
embryos crops diseases engineering
First, I would
choose a healthy
baby.Then, …
I think so
because…
What qualities
would you choose
for your child?
I don´t think it’s
immoral but
personally I…
Is it immoral
to choose the
sex or physical
appearance of
your baby? Why?
Are designer babies
acceptable to help
prevent diseases?
27. 26
Good science, bad ethics?
THAT’S ENGLISH!
CONSOLIDATION
Put these possible future inventions in order of importance to you.
Match photos (1-3) to texts (a-c).
1 Special glasses to see through walls and clothes 4 An instrument for artificially producing rain
2 Cars that can fly 5 A robot that cuts your hair
3 A cure for all types of cancer
1
2
3
1
2
Choose the correct option.
Answer the questions.
1 Google’s driverless car ... .
a is just a theoretical idea at the moment
b consumes less fuel than normal cars
c isn’t totally independent yet
2 Someone needs to sit in the driverless car
because … .
a there might be a problem
b it helps decrease fuel consumption
c the car won’t start without someone inside it
3 Cloning pets ... .
a is very safe
b does not produce an absolutely identical
animal
c is cheap
1 What is the success rate of cloning?
2 How much does it cost to clone a pet?
3 Why have genetically modified crops (GMCs)
been designed?
4 What do supporters of genetically modified
crops call them?
3
4
4 Genetically modified food ... .
a is easier to cultivate
b tastes better
c is expensive to produce
5 Some scientists say organic fruit and
vegetables ... .
a may contain pesticides
b are safer than genetically modified food
c are not necessarily healthier
a … If traffic jams are an annoying part of your daily life, Google has some
good news for you! They are now carrying out trials in order to produce
the world’s first driverless car! That’s right, a car that doesn’t need a driver.
This may sound like science fiction, but it’s not, because the car already
exists! The car is already on the road! It’s not 100% independent yet –
someone needs to sit in the driver’s seat ‘just in case’. However, that’s not
a problem for all the Google employees who drive these cars to work every
day. As the vehicle takes them to the office, they can read the paper online
or even have a cup of coffee!
b … Today, copying the DNA of farm animals has become quite common.
But now, a researcher in South Korea has come up with a new idea: pet
cloning! However, before you decide to do this with your cat or dog, you
should take into consideration that the success rate at the moment is quite
low – only around 20%. What’s more, at £66,000 it’s not cheap. However,
things might be improving. Recently a company has started offering this
service in the U.S.A., and most pet owners who have cloned their favourite
animals are very happy with the results: the clone looks similar and
behaves in the same way as the original pet.
c … Thirty years ago, you didn’t have much choice about your food: a
tomato was just a tomato and a potato was a potato! Nowadays, however,
we can grow genetically modified crops (GMC) that have been designed
so that they resist insects and diseases, which makes the crops much
more reliable. What’s more, GMCs are cheaper than unmodified crops.
Supporters of GMCs call them ‘super foods.’ And although most scientists
say that GMCs aren’t dangerous, not everyone agrees. If you don’t like
the idea of eating a ‘super tomato’ in your salad, why don’t you look into
organic ones? These are grown in a totally natural way, without pesticides
or artificial fertilisers. Many people say that organic food is better for you,
but not everyone in the scientific community agrees on this.
28. 27THAT’S ENGLISH!
UNIT 2
Answer the questions.
Write a text (120 words) on the topic: Should
GMCs be part of your diets?
Listen and match the speakers (1-4) to the
inventions (a-d).
Listen again and choose the correct option.
Talk to your partner and decide which of the
inventions from activity 6.
Read and put the paragraphs in the correct
order.
a On the other hand, other people think that
producing designer babies is immoral because
it isn’t natural. Furthermore, many people
say that we should not try to produce perfect
human beings. Humans are imperfect, but that
makes us more interesting.
b In conclusion. I believe that if we have the
technology to safely produce designer babies,
we should allow parents to use it. However, I
completely understand that not everyone will
agree with my view.
c On the one hand, some people say that it is
better if parents can be sure that their child
will be healthy. In addition, we already use
genetic engineering to make perfect crops, so
why can’t we also use it to produce healthier
babies?
d Some people believe that designer babies
should be legal. However, others strongly
disagree with it.
1 This helmet ... .
a makes soldiers invisible to the enemy
b can change the way soldiers feel
c can be used as a bomb, if necessary
2 The batsuit ... .
a has been used in a James Bond film
b works with solar power
c does not contain a motor or a battery
3 The third invention ... .
a makes your car go faster
b facilitates communication with other drivers
c is only used in emergencies
4 Robots ... .
a can play music very well
b can’t play heavy metal
c may one day compose music
6
16
7
16
1 Which paragraph presents the topics?
2 Which paragraph introduces arguments for?
3 Which paragraph introduces arguments
against?
4 Which paragraph presents the conclusion?
Use the same structure as in the model
from activity 9: introduction; arguments for;
arguments against; conclusion.
Include arguments for and against.
Use the highlighted expressions in activity 9.
I disagree!
I think it’s a
really fun idea!
I think we should
ban the cloning
of pets.
a c
Speaker 1: … Speaker 3: …
Speaker 2: … Speaker 4: …
b d
Discuss the questions with your partner.
1 Should the cloning of pets be legal?
2 Would you want someone to clone you? Why
/ why not?
3 Are you prepared to pay more money for
organic produce? Why / why not?
4 Should all countries legalise genetically
modified crops? Why / why not?
5 If driverless cars become popular one day,
what type of people might lose their jobs?
8
9
10
11
5
1 the most amazing
2 the most useful
3 the most stupid
4 one that you might use one day
Some people believe that using GMCs has
a lot of benefits while others believe it can
be very dangerous.
On the one hand, some people say…
Should designer babies be legal if scientists
learn how to make them safely?
1 ... 2 ... 3 ... 4 ...
29. THAT’S ENGLISH!
SELF TEST
28
Complete with the appropriate verbs.1
UNIT 2
Complete with the correct phrasal or
prepositional verb.
4
1 We need to ... out more research and ... more
clinical trials.
2 Athletes shouldn’t ... drugs to ... their
performance.
3 I have ... to the conclusion that you are wrong.
4 We must ... athletes who ... an unfair advantage
from drugs.
ban come take gain do carry boost
Complete the sentences with one word. Use
either an expression of purpose or a negative.
Complete the sentences with the correct form
verbs in brackets in the zero conditionals.
2
3
1 Scientists have come up with all kinds of
wonderful inventions (1) … make our lives
easier. In the future, I would be delighted if
someone designed a robot (2) … cleaning the
house!
2 Should it be legal for athletes to take drugs (3)
… that they can improve their performance?
Personally, I think it would be better to legalise
all drugs in order (4) … to have a situation
where sports people are constantly under
suspicion.
1 If people ... enough exercise, they often ... fat.
(not do / get)
2 If you ... water to 100ºC, it ... . (not heat / not
boil)
3 You probably ... the idea of driverless cars if
you ... as a taxi driver. (not like / work)
4 ... there a big danger of getting skin cancer if
you ... too long in the sun? (be / spend)
5 ... it really ... the Earth’s climate if we ... a lot of
carbon dioxide? (affect / produce)
1 The more I ... this problem, the less I
understand it.
2 You must ... your answers with examples.
3 I want to ... irregular verbs today.
4 You’ll ... the rest of the class if you don’t make
an effort.
5 Can’t you ... with a better idea?
6 Once you have ... the experiment, you can go
home.
7 I can’t ... all the news – I’m too busy.
Write the verbs in brackets in the active or
passive form.
Match the beginning (1-8) to the end of the
expressions (a-h).
Complete the text with the appropriate word or
words.
5
6
9
1 The adult body ... (have) 206 bones.
2 Over two-thirds of the Earth ... (cover) by
water.
3 Cheetahs ... (can) run up to 70 miles per hour.
4 Genetically modified crops … (use) by many
farmers.
5 Why ... the sun ... (rise) later in the winter?
6 When ... water ... (change) into ice?
7 Most drugs … (ban) in sports competitions.
1 genetically a diseases
2 genetic b symptoms
3 medical c modified crops
4 designer d embryos
5 assisted e engineering
6 cure f science
7 relieve g reproduction
8 human h babies
Listen to a woman taking part in a survey. Put
the questions in the order she answers them.
Listen again and answer the questions.
1 Is her life worse now?
2 What does she use the Internet for?
3 What was her life like before?
1 Write two things she uses the Internet for.
2 Write two things she used to do more.
3 Was her life better before?
7
17
8
17
Is the Internet a good thing?
Some people think that the Internet has a lot of
advantages (1) … others think it has risks.
(2) ... , communication is much easier thanks to
the Internet. (3) ... , the Internet is a fantastic
source of information. (4) ... , the Internet can
be dangerous. People can steal money from
your bank account if you are not careful. (5) ... ,
governments can use the Internet to spy on us.
(6) … , the Internet is definitely good, but we
should be aware of the dangers that it presents.
1 ... 2 ... 3 ...
30. THAT’S ENGLISH!
3
UNIT The older
generation
29
·To talk about older age
·To discuss a retired person’s activities
·To talk about the decisions we’ve taken
in our life
OBJECTIVES
What’s the perfect age?A
Do you know anyone who is retired? How do
they spend their days now that they do not go
to work?
Imagine someone you know is going to retire
soon. What advice would you give them? Think
about the following ideas.
Read the sentences about Paul. Choose the
correct option.
Answer the questions.
Listen to the speakers talking about the
advantages of being old nowadays. Put the
answers in the order they talk about them.
AFTER YOU WATCH
Answer the questions.
WHILE YOU WATCH
3
4
5
6
1
2
BEFORE YOU WATCH
1 What is Kathleen going to study online?
2 What game does Mr Perkins play online?
3 What kind of person does Mrs Hopcroft
pretend to be in Second Life?
4 What can Kathleen do with her new app?
5 How does Mr Perkins tell others about his
game techniques?
6 How did Mrs Hopcroft meet her new boyfriend?
a I can’t see any advantages to being old.
b The elderly get into places for free.
c Older people receive good healthcare and bus
passes.
d Older people get more respect.
e Older people have more financial security and
pensions.
f People are living 30% longer than before.
1 … 2 … 3 … 4 … 5 … 6 …
NOW YOU!
How well is the older generation treated in your
country? What benefits do they receive from
the government?
7
4 a Paul is learning how to use computer
technology.
b Paul has just bought a new computer.
c Paul already knows a lot about computers.
1 learning new skills
2 travelling
3 volunteering to help others
1 What did Paul realise
after he retired?
2 How does Paul want to
help younger people
via the Internet?
1 a It is Paul’s first time at the cafe.
b Paul comes to the cafe every day.
c Paul has just started work at the cafe.
2 a Paul has been retired for a year.
b Paul retired when he was 66.
c Paul doesn’t want to retire.
3 a Paul used to be a tennis coach.
b Paul used to work for an insurance company.
c Paul used to be a teacher.
1 2 3 4 5 6
Older people in Spain usually spend a
lot of time with their family and they
are seen as important family members.
Unfortunately, the government…
31. 30
The older generation
THAT’S ENGLISH!
Match the words in the box to the ages (a-f).Then write two activities you associate with each stage in life.
READING
1
2
18
Name three things that happen to the body as we age.Then read the text and check your answers.
4 Replace the words in bold with highlighted
expressions from the text.
1 My aunt lived to the extreme age of 102.
2 Retired people can travel more often because
they have more free time.
3 A lot of people think you begin to slow down
when you are this age.
4 Scientists now control the getting old process.
5The older we get, the more lines on our skin
appear.
6Yesterday was my birthday. I was 20.
7 My aunt is 82 years old. She is healthy, but she
has problems remembering things.
8The average life length for a woman is 73.
3 Answer the questions.
1 When does the ageing process begin?
2 What do we become more susceptible to as
we get older?
3 What have scientists discovered recently?
4 What else will the discovery about ageing,
mentioned in the text, help to prevent?
5 Who popularised the legend of the fountain
of youth?
6 Name two things that helped increase the
average life expectancy.
adolescence adulthood childhood infancy middle age old age
a 0 to 2 b 2 to 12 c 13 to 19 d 20 to 40 e 41 to 65 f over 65
(onlinesource)
Ageless
If you could live to the age of 100, would you want to? In a recent survey, the vast majority of British people
answered yes, they would. But when they were asked when ‘old age’ started, their opinions were divided. The
younger generation feels old age begins at 60, while pensioners say it starts in your seventies.
The actual ageing process, however, begins the moment we are born. From then on, we pass through many
stages as we get older: infancy, childhood, adolescence, adulthood, middle age and, finally, old age. The longer
we live, the more time begins to affect our bodies, which eventually begin to deteriorate. We lose muscle mass,
our eyesight deteriorates, we get wrinkles, our hair turns grey, and we may even experience memory loss. Also,
we become more susceptible to illnesses, such as cancer and heart disease.
However, scientists now have good news. According to a recent study carried out at the Albert Einstein School
of Medicine, researchers have discovered the area of the brain that controls the ageing process. In experiments
on mice, when scientists manipulated this area of the brain, the mice lived 20 per cent longer than normal. This
discovery may also help to prevent diseases related to ageing.
When the adventures of the Spanish explorer Ponce de León popularised the legend of the fountain of youth in
the 16th century, most Europeans used to die before they turned fifty. However, now in the 21st century, better
health care and sanitation have helped to increase the average life expectancy in industrialised countries to
the ripe old age of 78. What’s more, scientists believe that by the year 2050, people will be living well into their
100s.
No one knows how long people are really capable of living: perhaps in 500 years, people will live to be 200 and
still be very healthy and fit. The question is if that were possible, would you want to?
32. 31
LANGUAGE STUDY
THAT’S ENGLISH!
UNIT 3
/k/ and /g/ sound very similar at the end of a word.
However, the /k/ sound is voiceless, and the /g/
sound is voiced. Listen.
The consonant /w/ is voiced and very different from
/k/ and /g/. Listen.
Practise saying these words. Then listen and
check your pronunciation.
1
19
Listen again and repeat.
19
2
20
Choose the correct option.
Replace the words in bold with the words and
expressions in the box.
3
4
adulthood the ageing process eyesight
middle age old age memory loss
pensioners susceptible
1 If Anne’s eyesight were better,...
2 Most people could live to 100...
3 If I were in my twenties again,...
4 Would you drink from the fountain of youth...
5 If your grandparents were alive,...
6 Paul says he wouldn’t retire...
a if it existed?
b I’d live my life differently.
c she wouldn’t have to wear glasses.
d if diseases didn’t exist.
e if he were rich.
f what would you ask them?
1 … 2 … 3 … 4 … 5 … 6 …
Mark is in his fifties. Last week, his doctor gave
him some good health advice. First of all, if Mark
(1) … (not smoke), he (2) … (feel) a lot better.
Also, he (3) … (not lose) so much muscle mass
if he (4) … (do) more exercise. Finally, if Mark (5)
… (not sunbathe) so much, his skin (6) … (not
wrinkle) so quickly.
Complete the sentences with the correct form
of the verbs in the second conditional.
Match the sentences 1-6 to a-f.
6
5
Second conditional
if + past simple, would + infinitive
- Expresa una situación hipotética o poco probable.
I work but if I were a pensioner, I would have more
time to travel.
Ihaveblackhair.I would colourmyhairif it turnedgrey.
- Con I, he she o it el verbo puede ser was o were.
If I was/were rich, I would buy a house for each of my
grandchildren.
1 a pick b pig
2 a duck b dug
1 would /wʊd/ 2 wave /weɪv/
1 I’m 43 years old. I am in / on my forties.
2 Nowadays, most people live with / into their
seventies.
3 I got my first job at / with 17.
4 If I stay healthy, I hope to live to the ripe old
age of / from 100.
1 a dog b dock
2 a wood b good
3 a stack b stag
4 a gate b wait
5 a gun b won
6 a log b lock
1 Melissa started wearing glasses when her
vision started to deteriorate.
2 Most people work when they are in their
forties and fifties.
3 When you reach your twenties, it’s time to
become more independent.
4The older we are, the more vulnerable we are
to diseases.
5 Now that my grandparents are retired, they
enjoy travelling.
6 When I am in my seventies and eighties, I want
to live in the countryside.
7 Getting older starts when we are born.
8 Forgetting things is frustrating for older
people.
see page 118
33. 32
The older generation
THAT’S ENGLISH!
Write a short paragraph about the older
generation in your country. Use the prompts
below.
12
a life expectancy in India
b reasons for the changes in attitudes towards
the elderly
c changing values
d a law about taking care of the elderly
1 … 2 … 3 … 4 …
1 In India, it would be immoral if you didn’t take
care of older people.
2There is no law in India about taking care of
senior citizens.
3 Anjali says Indian people respected the elderly
because different generations lived together
in the same house.
4 Attitudes towards the elderly have changed
because more people live in the countryside
now.
5The life expectancy in India is 75.
1 He wouldn’t get into university if he didn’t have
good marks. He wouldn’t get into university
unless he had good marks.
2 I’d bring an umbrella because it might rain.
I’d bring an umbrella in case it rains.
3 I would never call you after midnight if it
weren’t an emergency.
4 Irene wouldn’t travel to South America if she
didn’t have a lot of money.
5 I wouldn’t live in NewYork if I didn’t have lots
of money.
6 If I were you, I wouldn’t volunteer if I didn’t
have extra time.
7 I would close the windows because there
could be a storm.
8 I wouldn’t buy a new car if mine wasn’t broken
down.
9 I’d put on a coat because it might get cold.
Rewrite the words in bold using unless or in
case.
8
In my country younger people respect the elderly
because…
1 Would you like to live to the age of 100?
2 What would you do if you were retired now?
Ask and answer questions with your partner.
Use the second conditional.
9
Yes, I would.
Because I would see my
grandchildren grow up.
Would you like to live
to the age of 100?
Why?
Listen to the interview about ageing in India.
Put the options (a-d) in the order you hear them.
Listen again and tick true (3) or false (7). Correct
the false ones.
10
21
11
21
Rewrite the sentences using the second
conditional.
7
1 Bill is bald, so he doesn’t feel self-confident.
If Bill weren’t bald, he would feel self-confident.
2 It’s raining, so we won’t have a picnic.
3 Many people are overweight, so their life
expectancy is low.
4 Julie drives too fast, so she gets a lot of fines
for speeding.
5 Carlo never travels abroad because he doesn’t
speak English.
Second conditional with unless and in case
- Se usa unless para expresar la idea if … not. Fíjate
cómo cambia el verbo:
I wouldn’t buy a new house if I didn’t have a big family.
I wouldn’t buy a new house unless I had a big family.
- Se usa (just) in case para expresar la idea because
it’s possible that…
I wouldn’t go out in case he called me.
I’d take an umbrella in case it rained.
see page 118
Do you think younger people respect the
older generation?
Should family members be forced by law
to take care of elderly family members?
Why?
34. UNIT 3
THAT’S ENGLISH! 33
Planning your retirement?B
Tick (3) the problems you think retired people
may worry about.
1
BEFORE YOU WATCH
Documentary
What does the documentary say about the
following issues for retired people?
In Britain, many retired couples choose to live
by the sea. Give two advantages of living along
the coast.
3
2
AFTER YOU WATCH
Documentary
That’s Britain!
1 money 4 boredom
2 poor health 5 being alone (lonely)
3 free time activities 6 holidays
1 Money
aThe state pension isn’t enough to live on.
b People in Britain get two pensions so money
isn’t a problem.
c Retired people don’t spend a lot of money.
2 Physical health
a Nowadays people are living longer.
b People’s fitness levels rapidly decrease after
retirement age.
c Many people take up sport in their retirement
to stay fit.
3 Mental health
a People become very forgetful when they
stop working.
b Some people feel they lose their personal
identity when they stop working.
c It’s very difficult for an older person to learn
something new.
4 Voluntary work
a Voluntary work can help retired people to
keep busy, so they don’t feel lonely.
b Charity shops and tourist information
centres employ retired volunteers.
c People volunteer because they aren’t allowed
to work.
5 Learning
a Some people go back to school or college.
bThere are special universities and courses
designed for older people.
c Education for older people is free.
NOW YOU!
Listen to the speakers talking about the popular
pastimes of older people. Match the country
(1-7) with the activity (a-f). One activity applies
to more than one country.
4
Same language, different lives
a gardening d going to temples
b playing dominoes e going to the movies
c playing golf f spending time with family
1 … 2 … 3 … 4 … 5 … 6 … 7 …
USA
1
Jamaica
2
Australia
3
USA
4
South Africa
5
India
6
England
7
What are the popular pastimes of older people
in your country? Are there any particular places
where older or retired people (would) prefer to
live?
6
A lot of older people who live by the
sea go swimming. It is a great way
for them to stay healthy.
Read the advertisement aimed at retired people.
Complete the text with the words in the box.
5
SOUTH DOWNS NATIONAL PARK
Come and spend the best years of your life at the
English (1) … . There are more than 20 beaches along
this 22-mile (2) … . The (3) … are the cleanest in Britain.
Invite the family down to visit and enjoy great days
out on (4) … trips or at the zoo.
Enjoy a spot of tea at the
Grand Hotel, where Agatha
Christie spent her (5) … , or
stroll along Princess Pier
where she used to go (6) … .
The (7) … on the coast is
usually mild and the people
are friendly.
Invite the family down to visit and enjoy great days
out on (4) … trips or at the zoo.
Enjoy a spot of tea at the
Grand Hotel, where Agatha
Christie spent her (5) … , or
stroll along Princess Pier
The (7) … on the coast is
usually mild and the people
Invite the family down to visit and enjoy great days
SEASIDE LIVING
That’s Britain!
boat climate roller skating Riviera
coastline honeymoon beaches
35. 34
The older generation
THAT’S ENGLISH!
READING
Answer the questions.
1 … is planning a trip.
2 … has a supportive granddaughter.
3 … wanted to go skydiving as a young child.
4 … enjoys sports.
1 Do you think there is an ideal age? If so, what is it?
2 What’s the best thing about childhood?
3 What do you think is the best thing about retirement?
1
Read the text. Complete the sentences with Roy (R) or Hattie (H).
Answer the questions. Match the highlighted words and expressions
from the text to their meanings.
3 4
1 too old to do anything
2 become an adult
3 have had and taken care of your children
4 the quality of always being young
5 start something new in your spare time
6 do things so you don’t feel older
7 behave in a manner appropriate for my age
1 What are three activities that Roy Johnson
does at the start of his day?
2 How does Roy Johnson feel about his physical
condition now?
3 Why didn’t Hattie Miller jump out of an airplane
when she was younger?
4 Who convinced Hattie Miller to follow her
dreams?
(onlinesource)
Can we define people by how old they are? Too often, when we consider a person’s age, we make assumptions
about their experience, abilities, skills, and even their health. But more and more, older people are proving
that you are only as old as you feel.
Roy Johnson starts his day riding his bicycle five miles to the local community centre. Once there, he works
out at the gym for an hour. After that, he jumps in the pool and swims 20 laps. Not bad for a man who just
turned 80.
‘I am fitter now than when I was younger. Back then, I couldn’t have exercised this
much even if I had wanted to. My wife and I brought up four children and worked
full-time until we turned 65, so getting older has actually been the best thing that
has ever happened to us. Now that I’m retired and no longer raising a family, I’m
more active than ever. I exercise more, and I try to take up a new hobby every
year. Now I’m studying Chinese at the local community college because my wife
and I want to visit China next year.
Whenever my children tell me I should act my age, I tell them that’s exactly what
I’m doing!’
Scientists believe that stimulation and happiness are the best way to stay young. If that’s true, then senior
citizen Hattie Miller must feel like a teenager again. Last week, this 78-year-old pensioner fulfilled her
lifelong dream and jumped out of an aeroplane from 14,000 feet.
‘Growing up, my dream was always to go skydiving. And I might have
done it sooner if my family and friends hadn’t convinced me it was a
ridiculous idea. But when I told my eldest granddaughter about my
dream last year, she said to me, ‘But grandma, you’re not over the hill
yet! If I were you, I’d go for it.’ Hearing those words of encouragement,
I thought to myself, ‘Enough is enough’ and called the nearest
skydiving school. Skydiving is the most exciting feeling I’ve ever
experienced. Flying through the sky made me feel free and alive and
ageless. It’s just amazing!
If it hadn’t been for my granddaughter, I would never have lived my dream.’
Young at heart
turned 80.
‘
much even if I had wanted to
full-time until we turned 65
has ever happened to us
more active than ever
year
and I want to visit China next year
Whenever my children tell me I should
I’m doing!’
And I might have
done it sooner if my family and friends hadn’t convinced me it was a
But when I told my eldest granddaughter about my
over the hill
,
Enough is enough’ and called the nearest
Skydiving is the most exciting feeling I’ve ever
Flying through the sky made me feel free and alive and
2
22
36. 35THAT’S ENGLISH!
Complete with the correct form of the verb in
brackets. Use the third conditional.
Complete with the correct form of the verb.
1 If we hadn’t met at university, we … (not get
married).
2 If I … (not leave) my first job, I would have
become a manager.
3 John would have been happier if he … (not
make) so many mistakes.
4 I … (be) healthier if I hadn’t smoked so much.
LANGUAGE STUDY
UNIT 3
In connected speech, the pronunciation of have
changes to /əv/ after modal verbs: I’d have done
it = I’d’ve done it. Listen to these sentences.
Practise these sentences.Then listen and repeat.
1 I would’ve done it.
2 I’d’ve done it.
3 I wouldn’t’ve done it.
4 I could’ve gone.
5 I couldn’t’ve gone.
6 I might’ve gone.
1 She would’ve done it earlier.
2You wouldn’t’ve had the time.
3 I couldn’t’ve done it without you.
4 She could’ve tried.
3
23
4
24
2
1
Read the description of Sam’s past life
expectations and answer the questions.
5
Third conditional
if + past perfect, would / wouldn’t + have + past
participle
- Expresa situaciones hipotéticas en el pasado y, por
tanto, imposibles de realizar.
If it hadn’t been for my granddaughter, I would never
have lived my dream.
Susan would have worked if she hadn’t had five
children.
see page 119
Complete the table with the highlighted
connectors from the text.
6
WRITING SECTION
My name is Elsie and…
a My name is Sam and I’m a retired nurse from
Bristol. I was born in Bath, but my family moved
to Bristol when I was 5.
b When I was a child, I wanted to become a
doctor and travel around the world. However,
my university entrance exams were only
average. As a result, I became a nurse. If I had
got better results, I would have gone to medical
school and would have become a doctor.Then,
when I finished my studies I got married and
had children. So, I couldn’t travel around the
world because I had to get a job. If I hadn’t got
married so young, I would have spent some
time travelling.
c In conclusion, my life could have been very
different if I had taken other decisions.
Unfortunately, I can’t change the past, therefore
I love my life as it is now.
Regret: sadly, … Reason: that’s why, …
Result: consequently,
… , … , …
Contrast: nevertheless,
… , …
see page 130
Elsie is in her seventies. Look back on her life
and write the consequences these events had
in her life.
Imagine you are Elsie. Use the information from
activity 6 and write a 3 paragraph text about
Elsie’s past life expectations . Follow this plan and
use appropriate connectors to link your ideas.
1 She wanted to go to university but she couldn’t
afford it, so … . (find job as a shop assistant)
2 She had a boyfriend.They were about to marry
but he died. As a result, …. (remain single / not
have a family)
Paragraph 1: give Elsie’s personal details
Paragraph 2: add information about Elsie’s life
expectations
Paragraph 3: write a good conclusion
7
8
1 Which paragraph gives information about
Sam’s life expectations?
2 Which paragraph gives a conclusion?
3 Which paragraph gives personal information?
Amy is a pensioner, and she had a childhood
friend who moved to Australia after university.
If flights (1) … (not be) so expensive, Amy (2) …
(fly) to Australia to see her friend. What’s more,
Amy was too busy working to write letters to her
friend. She (3) … (write) letters if she (4) … (have)
more time. Back then, video telephone services
such as Skype didn’t exist. But if she (5) … (have)
Skype, they (6) … (stay) in touch. One month ago,
Amy received a friend request on Facebook. It
was her childhood friend! If it (7) … (no be) for
Facebook, they (8) … (not find) each other.
