2. What is meant by perioperative?
Perioperative is a term used to describe the
entire span of surgery, including what occurs
before, during and after the actual operation.
3. Phases of perioperative care
• Preoperative : begins with decision to perform surgery and continues
until the patient has reached the operating area.
• Intraoperative: incudes the entire duration of surgical procedure, until
transfer of patient to the recovery area.
• Postoperative: begins with admission to recovery area and continues
until the patient receives a follow up evaluation at home, or is
discharged to rehabilitation unit.
4. Classifications of surgery
purpose
• Diagnostic
• Exploratory
• Curative
• Palliative
• cosmetic
Degree of risk
• Major
• Minor
Urgency
• Emergency
• Urgent
• Required
• Elective
• optional
5. Preoperative evaluation and optimisation
Each patient and each procedure require a unique set off investigation
with regards to preoperative preparations. But in general for a surgical
patient we begin with following-
1. Thorough history and physical examination- giving specific attention
to comorbidities that may affect surgical risk and require additional
pre-op workup.
2. Basic laboratory investigation-CBC, liver function test, renal function
test, serum electrolytes, coagulation study, blood grouping, albumin
level, urinalysis, pregnancy testing
3. Chest xray
4. Ecg
13. For futher study
• bailey and love’s short practice of surgery 27 th edition
• Sabiston text book of surgery 21 st edition
• Treadwell JR, Lucas S, Tsou AY. Surgical checklists: a systematic review of impacts and implementation. BMJ
Qual Saf. 2014;23(4):299-318. doi:10.1136/bmjqs-2012-001797
• Melnyk M, Casey RG, Black P, Koupparis AJ. Enhanced recovery after surgery (ERAS) protocols: Time to
change practice?. Can Urol Assoc J. 2011;5(5):342-348. doi:10.5489/cuaj.11002