This slideshare is about bunkering industry and it's shipping tanker operations.

1. Bunkering Industry & its Shipping Tanker Operations
ASSIGNMENT - 2
GROUP - 1
● Archana Rawat
● Manisha Rani
● Suriyanarayanan
● Yuvraj Pratap Singh

2. BUNKERING INDUSTRY
❖ Bunkering industry provides the shipping industry
with the fuel oil that the vessels consumes &
includes the logistics of loading fuel & distributing
it among the available bunker tanks.
❖ BUNKER
- the containers on ships and in ports that it is store
in.
- In earlier days they were coal bunkers but now
they are bunker-fuel tanks.
❖ BUNKER FUEL - any type of fuel oil used aboard
ships.
❖ BUNKER FUEL BROKERS - work as independent
agents brokering fuel between two parties.
❖ BUNKERING COMPANY
- transfers fuel to the ship owners.
- may or may not own oil.

3. Types of Bunker fuel
Heavy fuel
oil bunker
Diesel oil
bunker
Marine Gas
oil bunker

4. Types of Bunker fuel
Lube oil
bunker
LNG fuel
bunker
Few types of Fuel Oils are :
● MGO(Marine gas oil)
● MDO(Marine diesel
oil)
● IFO(Intermediate fuel
oil)
● MFO(Marine fuel oil)
● HFO(Heavy fuel oil)

5. Preparation
Preparing for the
bunkering operation
which will involve the
readiness of bunkering
equipment,storage tanks
and bunkering safety
01 Perform
Performing the
bunkering operation in
real time as per the pre-
decided procedure &
receiving the marine fuel
according to the bunker
plan.
02
Wrap-up
03
Wrapping up the bunkering operation with
utmost safety and ensuring the correct
amount & quality of bunker fuel has been
received onboard from the bunkering
facilities(bunker ship or shore truck etc.)
Bunkering Operation Procedure

6. Types of Bunkering
It is a process where 2 ships are
aligned side by side and oil is
transferred from one vessels to
another .one ship act as terminal
and other as moors.
In this 2 ships are keep at a
distance of 100-250 meters.They
start moving at speed of 2
nautical miles & pipes of about
200 meters transfer fuel from
one vessels to another.
Ship to ship
bunkering
Stern Line
bunkering

7. Which bunker is used in oil and gas?
● BUNKER C - MGO(Marine gas oil),MDO(Marine
diesel oil),IFO(Intermediate fuel oil),MFO(Marine
fuel oil),HFO(heavy fuel oil)
● Currently most of global shipping fleet ,relies on
diesel Bunker C fuel oil which contributes
significant amounts of GHG,sulphur and other
emissions that contribute less impact on
environment
● HFO,MDO/MGO & LSHFO are considered bunker
fuels.
● LNG is stored in its liquefied form, & in addition the
boil-off gas (BOG) due to natural or induced
evaporation can also be combusted to generate
power.

8. Impact on the shippingtanker industry
● BUNKER PRICES - The biggest component of money required to run a ship is
spent on bunker fuel.
More Savings = More Profits
More Profits = Higher Salaries/More new buildings/more job opportunities
● HIGHER FREIGHT -When prices of oil change , there is bound to be increase in
the movement of cargo.
Higher Freight Rate = Higher profits
Higher Profits = Higher salaries/More new buildings/more job opportunities.
● CONSOLIDATION OF POSITIONS - Companies are positioning themselves for
maximum impact and to consolidate existing problems.
● EXPECT MORE STORAGE TANKERS - Several traders are chartering tanker
vessels for long term storage in the hope that oil prices will spike soon and
they will make a profit on oil which was purchased at low levels.

9. THANKYOU !