Lesson 8 for Social Science 3

1. Lesson 8
Current
Social Problems/IssuesPresentor: Emmanuel P. Boja

2. Social Problems/Issues
• A social problem is any condition or behavior that has negative
consequences for large numbers of people and that is generally
recognized as a condition or behavior that needs to be addressed.
(Rubington & Weinberg, 2010)

3. TOPICS:

4. 1. Poverty
• Poverty is pronounced deprivation in well-being, and comprises many
dimensions. It includes low incomes and the inability to acquire the
basic goods and services necessary for survival with dignity. (World
Bank Definition)
Major types of poverty
1. Absolute poverty
2. Relative poverty

5. • Absolute poverty “A condition
characterized by severe deprivation of
basic human needs, including food,
safe drinking water, sanitation
facilities, health, shelter, education
and information. It depends not only
on income but on access to social
services” (United Nations, 1995)

6. • Relative poverty refers to
individuals or groups lack of
resources when compared with
that of other members of the
society—in other words, their
relative standard of living”
(Oxford Dictionary of Sociology -
1994)
• Relative poverty changes over
time

7. 7 Types of poverty
• ECONOMIC POVERTY – Lack of monitory demands for providing
themselves with food, cloth and shelter
• BODILY POVERTY – Lack of property physical health and access to health
living conditions
• MENTAL POVERTY – Lack of thinking, access to education and knowledge
• CULTURAL POVERTY – Lack of coming together in a society
• SPIRITUAL POVERTY – Lack of feeling of brotherhood/togetherness
• SOCIETAL POVERTY – Lack of social
• POLITICAL POVERTY – Lack of understanding of how the system works

8. 2. Drug Addiction
• The drug addiction is a resulting effect of drug abuse.
• DRUG ABUSE The intake of chemical substances increase the hazard
and potential weather. A chemical substance which is not used legally,
or as prescribed by the physician.
• Drug addiction is a pathological condition.

9. • Drug a medicine or other substance
which has a physiological effect
when ingested or otherwise
introduced into the body.
1. STIMULANTS All stimulants increase
nervous activity. Heart rate &wakefulness
are also increased.
2. DEPRESSANTS They suppress pain,
increase relaxation, decrease heart rate &
increases reaction time = slow responses.
Excessive doses inhibits breathing center
in the brain causing death.
3. HALLUCINOGENS These drugs work like
brain transmitters; altering the way you
perceive things. Making you see, hear and
feel things that are not true.

10. STIMULANTS
• CAFFEINE Present in coffee beans, tea
leaves. It is a mild stimulant that
increases wakefulness.
• AMPHETAMINE Increases alertness,
decreases fatigue. increases blood
pressure and decreases accuracy.
• ECSTASY Gives a feeling of wellbeing &
increases sociability. Followed by
depression. Increases blood pressure,
heart rate & dehydration. Long-term
use: damages brain cells.
• COCAINE Gives a feeling of excitement
Followed by depression It is very
addictive Long-term use: damages
arteries and causes mental disorders

11. DEPRESSANTS
ALCOHOL It depresses the CNS; giving a
feeling of well being, decreases anxiety,
increases confidence but it decreases the
ability to do activities requiring skill and
accuracy as well as impairing judgment.
• Large doses cause unconsciousness,
breathing stops & death.
• 90% is detoxified by the liver, 10% is
excreted by the kidney.
• Pregnancy: decreases baby weight; ill,
deformed or still born babies result from
regular drinking.
• Long-term effects: damage of liver =
cirrhosis

12. DEPRESSANTS
MORPHINE, HEROIN & CODEINE.
Morphine is a chemical extracted
from part of the opium plant.
It is used medicinally to stop pain,
especially after surgeries.
As well as stopping pain it increases
well being and decreases anxiety.
Heroin & codeine are prepared by
chemical reactions to morphine.
They are very addictive.
Sharing needles to administer these
drugs leads to blood poisoning,
hepatitis and AIDS.

13. DEPRESSANTS
• SOLVENTS Sniffing glue, aerosols
give a strong but short
drunkenness feeling. Dizziness
and loss of coordination is then
followed by headache, vomiting,
convulsions, runny nose and
blood shot eyes.
• Large doses may lead to
unconsciousness.
• Long-term use damages the
kidney, liver and brain.

14. HALLUCINOGENS
MARIJUANA/CANNABIS
• Was used to relieve pain before
discovering aspirin. Increase well
being, detachment & sometimes
hallucinations
• Learning ability and memory are
impaired
• Long- term effects: damages
lungs, CNS, immunity &
reproductive system. It
decreases sperm count and
sexual drive in males.
LSD
• Cause distorted vision, sound,
sometimes strong nightmarish
hallucinations that sometimes
lead to lethal accidents.

15. CAUSES OF DRUGADDICTION
• Curiosity
• Gateway drugs
• Peer pressure
• Environment
• Alteration of the perception of
reality
• Anxiety, depression, low self
esteem and stress

16. 3. Prostitution
• the practice or occupation of engaging in sexual activity with
someone for payment.
TYPES OF PROSTITUTION
• Street.
• Brothels.
• Escorts.
• Sex tourism.
• Virtual sex.
• Gigolo.

18. CAUSES Prostitution is given for some causes such as:
• Lack of financial resources.
• Lack of moral values ​​instilled.
• Low educational level.
• Family disintegration.
• Feelings of abandonment and inferiority.
• Inability to establish satisfying and heterosexual relationships.
• Mental deficiency.

19. 4. Gender Sensitivity
• Gender sensitivity is the act of being sensitive to the ways people
think about gender.
• Gender sensitivity tries to ensure that people rely less on
assumptions about traditional and outdated views on the roles of
men and women.
“Sex” refers to the biological and physiological characteristics that
define men and women.
“Gender” refers to the socially constructed roles, behaviors, activities,
and attributes that agiven society considers appropriate for men and
women.

20. Gender Roles
• A gender role is a set of social and behavioral norms that are generally considered
appropriate for either a man or a woman in a social or interpersonal relationship.
Some examples of gender characteristics:
Women are expected to take care of family or domestic duties and remain close to
home-
All men are expected to work and earn money for the family- Boys are better in
mathematics than girls-
Boys never cry-
Girls are very emotional-
Women usually do more housework than men.

21. • Stereotypes are
generalizations or
assumptions that
people make about
the characteristics of
all members of a
group based on an
image (often wrong).