1. SAPIENS:A BRIEF HISTROY OF
HUMANKIND
• PUBLISHED AT HEBREW AT ISAREL IN 2011
• Some books by the author are:
1.)HOMO DEUS: A BRIEF HISTORY OF
TOMORROW
2.) 21 LESSONS FOR 21ST CENTURY
3. INTRODUCTION
• Sapiens: a brief history of mankind is a book written by “YUVAL
NOAH HARARI” first published
• In Hebrew in Israel in 2011. The book surveys about the mankind
and its evolution form Stone Age to 21st century. It is a guide to
becoming an expert on the entire history of the human race
• as it reviews everything our species has been through from ancient
ancestors to our dominating place in the world today. You’ll learn
each element in our history, from language and money to science
that made us who we are. The genre of this book is Non-fiction.
Some books by the author are
• HOMO DEUS: A BRIEF HISTORY OF TOMORROW
• 21 LESSONS FOR 21ST CENTURY
• The reception of the book has been mixed. Whereas the general
public's reaction to the book has been positive, scholars with
relevant subject matter expertise have been very critical of the book.
4. SUMMARY
• Harari surveys the history of humankind from the evolution of
archaic human species in the Stone Age up to the twenty-first
century, focusing on Homo Sapiens. He divides the history of
Sapiens into four major parts:
• The Cognitive Revolution (c. 70,000 BCE, when Sapiens
evolved imagination).
• The Agricultural Revolution (c. 10,000 BCE, the development
of agriculture).
• The unification of humankind (the gradual consolidation of
human political organizations towards one global empire).
• The Scientific Revolution (c. 1500 CE, the emergence of
objective science).
5. SUMMARY
• Harari's main argument is that Sapiens came to dominate the world
because it is the only animal that can cooperate flexibly in large
numbers. He argues that prehistoric Sapiens were a key cause of the
extinction of other human species such as the Neanderthals, along
with numerous other megafauna. He further argues that the ability
of Sapiens to cooperate in large numbers arises from its unique
capacity to believe in things existing purely in the imagination, such
as gods, nations, money, and human rights. He argues that these
beliefs give rise to discrimination – whether that be racial, sexual or
political and it is potentially impossible to have a completely
unbiased society. Harari claims that all large-scale human
cooperation systems – including religions, political structures, trade
networks, and legal institutions – owe their emergence to Sapiens'
distinctive cognitive capacity for fiction
6. SUMMARY
• Accordingly, Harari regards money as a system of mutual trust and
sees political and economic systems as more or less identical with
religions.
• During the agricultural Revolution, humans transformed from
foragers into farmers, which led to the exponetional population
growth. In order to facilitate trade in large communities, humans
invented money and writing
• The emergence of empire and religion pushed humankind in the
direction of global unification. The scientific revolution modernized
humanity, paving the way for new technologies, imperialism and
economic growth.
• Humankind has never been more peaceful than in our global times.
History is neither good nor bad, and its twists and turn are largely
irrelevant to our subjective happiness
• In future, Homo sapiens will transcend biological limits, eventually
replacing itself with an entire new species.
7. CRITIQUE REVIEW
• First published in Hebrew in 2011 and then in English in 2014, the
book was translated into 45 languages (as of June 2017). It also
made to The New York Times best-seller list and won the National
Library of China's Wenjin Book Award for the best book published
in 2014. Writing four years after its English-language publication,
Alex Preston wrote in The Guardian that Sapiens had become a
"publishing phenomenon" with "wild success" symptomatic of a
broader trend toward "intelligent, challenging nonfiction, often
books that are several years old". Concurrently, The Guardian listed
the book as among the ten "best brainy books of the
decade". The Royal Society of Biologists in the UK shortlisted the
book in its 2015 Book Awards. Marcus Paul in bethinking.org wrote
that 'It is a brilliant, thought-provoking odyssey through human
history with its huge confident brush strokes painting enormous
scenarios across time.'
• Bill Gates ranked Sapiens among his ten favorite books.
8. CONCLUSION
• This book has been reviewed many people including
public and many anthropologist people gave their
point of view on the book. The books concludes all
the information related to mankind and its
evolutions many anthropologist said their opinion
on the book which were negative. Allover this books
gives suitable information about mankind and
Homo Sapiens.
• The reception of the book has been mixed. Whereas
the general public's reaction to the book has been
positive, scholars with relevant subject matter
expertise have been very critical of the book.
