examples of enzymes,classification of enzymes,enzyme structure, active site and substrate,optimum conditions

1. GRADE10
BIOLOGY
ENZYMES

2. WHAT ARE ENZYMES?
 Enzymes are biological polymers that catalyze biochemical reactions.
 Metabolic processes and other chemical reactions in the cell are carried out by a
setoff enzymes that are necessary to sustain life.
 Enzymes convert the substrates into other distinct molecules which are known as
products.

3. ENZYMES STRUCTURE
 Enzymes are a linear chain of amino acids, which give rise to a three-dimensional
structure.
 Compared to its substrates, enzymes are typically large with varying sizes, ranging
from 62 amino acids residues to an average of 2500 residues found in fatty acids
synthase.

4. ENZYME CLASSIFICATION
 OXIDOREDUCTASES : it catalyze the oxidation reaction where the electrons tend to
travel from one form of a molecule to the other.
 TRANFERASES : helps in the transportation of the functional group among
acceptors and donor molecules.
 HYDROLASES : catalyze the hydrolysis reaction by adding water to the cleave the
bond and hydrolyze it.
 ISOMERASES : catalyze the structural shifts present in a molecule , thus causing
the change in the shape of the molecule.

5. COFACTORS
 Are non – proteinous substances that associate with enzymes.
 A cofactor is essential for the functioning of an enzyme. An enzyme without a
cofactor is called an apoenzyme. An enzyme and its cofactor together constitute
the holoenzyme.

6. EXAMPLES OF ENZYMES
 BEVERAGES
 FOOD PRODUCTS
 DRUG ACTION

7. MECHANISM OF ENZYME REACTION
 The basic mechanism of enzymes is to catalyze the
chemical reactions, which begins with the binding
of the substrate with the active site of the enzyme.
This active site is a specific area that combines
with the substrate.

8. FACTORS AFFECTING ENZYME ACTIVITY
 Temperature
 pH
 Temperature and pH affect the rate of reaction when both
are too high or too low.
 Enzymes require an optimum temperature and pH for
their action. The temperature or pH at which a compound
shows its maximum activity is called optimum
temperature or optimum pH, respectively.

9. HOW ENZYMES WORK

10. PERSONAL DETAILS
 NAMES : MAMELLO JOYCE
 SURNAME : MATOETOE
 STUDENT NUMBER : 20224316
 EMAIL : matoetoemamello@gail.com
 FACEBOOK USERNAME : MAMELLO MATOETOE