Need for Bye Laws, Codes Regulations
&
Spatial Data.
Building Services III
PREPARED BY
AR. SARMAD SALAHUDDIN

Building Bye Laws/Regulations
1. Need? Building Authorities, LDA, CDA, Cantt Board, DHA. TMA Small Towns.
2. Details, different Aspects/Sectors.
 Residential, approved schemes. Old Areas/ Built up area.
 Covered Areas, ground coverage and FAR.
 Sets backs/ Clear spaces.
 Height or number of stories.
 Professional Activity in the Area.
 Subdivision of plots.
 Apartments.
 Farms houses.

Building Bye Laws/Regulations
Preliminary source of Building data:
Source: TSS, Neufert, Metric Data, Building Types, Graphic Data, Landscape and Planning .
Function:
1 . to assist in developing building programs and establishing preliminary
space allocations.
2 . to analyze specific client needs and to quantify them, based on occupancy and usages e.g Parking.
3. to study general and specific functional relationships.
4. to assist in the preparations of preliminary architectural designs.
Space Programming: Make Bubble Diagrams, Seminal Spatial Data, Useable and Rentable areas.

Building Bye Laws/Regulations
 Commercial:
 Height Coverage at G-Level, FAR.
 Mandatory Open spaces/ Building Line.
 Zone wise rules.
 Converted Plots.
 Subdivision of plots.
 Industrial Buildings:
 Misc, Bus Stands, filling stations. Public buildings.

Building Bye Laws/Regulations
 Structural Design Requirments:
 Earthquake resistance.
 Structural design, low-rise & High rise.
 Compliance to design codes.
 Foundation & Super-structure.
 Protection of neighbouring structures.
 Towers/Antennas and Bill-boards.
 Website: www.lda.gop.pk

Building Bye Laws/Regulations
 Consultants Qualifications & responsibility:
 Architect.
 Site Engineer.
 Electrician.
 HVAC/Mechanical Engineer.
 Public Health.
 Resident Engineer.

Building Bye Laws/Regulations
 Submission drawings for approval.
 Inspection during construction, by LDA.
 Violations, stages of construction.
 Completion certificate.
 Different forms of applications/certificates.

Code, Standard & Regulation.
What Is a Code?
A code is a set of rules that serve as generally accepted guidelines recommended for the industry to follow. They
exist for the purpose of safety, quality or other benefit. For example, electrical codes exist to ensure system reliability
and that building occupants are safe from shock risks.
On its own, a code is not a law that must be followed, but can be adopted into a law or included in a business
contract.
Each code specifies the minimum acceptable requirements for an electrical process or for the performance of the
final system itself. Codes may incorporate or refer to existing standards or specifications (which are discussed below).
Is Compliance with a Code Mandatory?
A code on its own does not need to be followed, but compliance is often a best practice. The intent of a code is for it
to apply widely across an industry, making it easy to be adopted and customized by local jurisdictions. Codes that
have been adopted by a city, state or country must then be followed.
Local jurisdictions may diligently review a code to ensure it is acceptable and applicable to the area, and it may take
years for a jurisdiction to adopt a code

Code, Standard & Regulation.
What Is a Standard?
According to the National Fire Protection Association (NFPA), a standard tends be “a more detailed
elaboration, the nuts and bolts of meeting a code.”
A code tells you what you need to do, and a standard tells you how to do it.
While a code provides requirements for the products (e.g. material performance level) and processes
(i.e. methodology of the design) involved in installation, standards benefit both the contractors and
engineers who employ them, and also the end user. The how-to nature of a standard:
a) Creates a common language in the industry for a given process.
b) Documents the requirements for products, practices, methods or operations.
c) Builds confidence about the quality and safety for users.
d) Lowers the cost of production as requirements are standardized.

Code, Standard & Regulation.
What Is a Regulation?
A regulation is mandated by a government body and requires that—by law—those in the industry comply. The regulation can
incorporate codes or standards, or be created completely on its own. Unlike a code or standard, a regulation does not
necessarily require any industry consensus or knowledgeable body to put it in affect.
For example, a Government Legislative Regulation Review Committee approved to implement the 2017 NEC starting October
1, 2018. They also adopted 2015 building and fire safety codes. Though these codes were generally accepted guidelines
recommended for the industry to follow, they were not regulated in officially in the City/Province prior to October 1.
A Summary of Codes, Standards, and Regulations
When it comes to facility electrical protection, it’s important to follow the codes, standards, and regulations that are either
recommended or required by law. As a recap, we’ve defined the following:
o Codes are generally accepted sets of rules that tell you what you need to do.
o Standards provide the “how to” of executing codes.
o Regulations, which can incorporate codes and standards, are mandated by a government body and required, by law, to be
complied with.

Compliance:
Compliance: “The act of following laws, regulations, and other requirements that apply to a business or organization.”
It describes the goal that organizations aspire to achieve in their efforts to ensure that they are aware of and take steps to comply with relevant laws, policies,
and regulations. Due to the increasing number of regulations and need for operational transparency, organizations are increasingly adopting the use of
consolidated and harmonized sets of compliance controls. This approach is used to ensure that all necessary governance requirements can be met without
the unnecessary duplication of effort and activity from resources
Depending on the size and complexity of the company, the following areas may be subject to additional analyses to minimise risks in the long term:
• Third party due diligence. (Insurance)
• Security procedures and controls.
• Creation of reports.
• Creation of documents for early risk detection.
• Development and implementation of guidelines and rules, such as no child labour.
• Case Management: Guarantee and case management system.
• Equality.
• Corporate social responsibility. (Sustainability)
For further reading: https://www.eqs.com/compliance-blog/what-is-compliance/

Building Code and Its significance.
The Building Code governs the construction, renovation, change of use, and demolition of buildings.
It also provides specific powers for inspectors and rules for the inspection of buildings, and allows
municipalities to establish property standard by-laws.
The Building Code is a regulation made which:
 focuses primarily on ensuring public safety in newly constructed buildings, but also supports the
government’s commitments to energy conservation, barrier-free accessibility and economic
development, eg NEECA (National Energy Efficiency and Conservation Agency), and PEECA(Punjab
Energy Efficiency and Conservation agency).
 sets out objectives and requirements for new construction.
does not only provide standards for existing buildings, but also for on-site sewage systems.
establishes the qualification and registration requirements for certain building practitioners.

Building Code and Its significance.
A Building Code regulates:
 Access control.
 Indoor Environment. (HVAC or Natural Ventilation).
 Safety of Users.
 Services and Facilities.
 Energy Efficiency.
 Stability (Earthquake resistance).
 Protection from fire.
 General provision regards to lighting and electrical installations.
 Means and method, overall usage of the building, life cycle management.
 Website: http://www.pec.org.pk

New Interventions: Comparison of Building Code of Pakistan (Energy Provisions-2011),
ASHRAE 90.1-2013 & Indian ECBC 2006.
Building Energy Code of
Pakistan (Energy Provision
2011)
ASHRAE 90.1-2013 Energy Conservation
Building Code of India 2006
Comparative Analysis
CODE DEVELOPMENT - The
Energy Provisions-2011 is
developed by a task force of
the Pakistan Engineering
Council with ENERCON.
- ASHRAE Standard
90.1 is developed
using ANSI consensus
based process that
focuses on technical
feasibility and lifecycle
cost effectiveness.
Developed by International
Institute for Energy
Conservation (IIEC) .
After 18th amendment
the adoption and
enforcement of the code
is required to be done by
provincial governments.
-NEECA serves in a national
coordination role for energy
efficiency and policy.
- There are requirements to
revise the Energy Provisions on
a three-year cycle.
-The U.S Department
of Energy is a
participant in this
process.
- New versions of
Standard 90.1 are
released on a three
year cycle.
It was funded by United
States Agency for
International Development
(USAID) for Indian Bureau of
Energy Efficiency (BEE)
So, provincial
governments have to
modify these codes
according to their own
dynamics, climate and
with the consultation of
their relevant
stakeholders.

New Interventions
Building Energy Code of Pakistan
(Energy Provision 2011)
ASHRAE 90.1-2013 Energy Conservation Building
Code of India 2006
Comparative Analysis
PURPOSE: To provide minimum
requirements for energy efficient
design and construction of
buildings.
To establish the
minimum energy
efficiency requirements
of buildings other than
low-rise residential
buildings for
To provide minimum
requirements for energy
efficient design and
construction of buildings.
In the current scenario,
energy has become a
defining factor in the
progress of nations.
a. design, construction,
and a plan for operation
and maintenance; and
b. utilization of on-site,
renewable energy
resources
For Pakistan, it is absolutely
imperative to efficiency in
buildings by incorporating
international best practices
appropriate to our
environment coupled with
traditional materials,
technologies,

New Interventions
Building Energy Code of
Pakistan (Energy Provision 2011)
ASHRAE 90.1-2013 Energy Conservation Building
Code of India 2006
Comparative Analysis
and craftsmanship
developed indigenously
over a very long period of
time.
While sustainable
alternate energy sources
must be developed and
harnessed, it is more
important that we use
existing energy resources
in a more efficient way.

New Interventions
Building Energy Code of Pakistan
(Energy Provision 2011)
ASHRAE 90.1-2013 Energy Conservation Building
Code of India 2006
Comparative Analysis
SCOPE: Large buildings - Design
and construction
-New buildings and their systems
-New portions of buildings and
their systems .
-New systems and equip. in
existing buildings
All buildings - Design
and construction - New
buildings and their
systems - New portions
of buildings and their
systems - New systems
and equip in existing
buildings .
All buildings - Design and
construction.
- New buildings and their
systems.
- New portions of buildings
and their systems.
- New systems and equip. in
existing buildings
Consider expanding scope
of code to include smaller
buildings or buildings with
smaller connected loads.
- Specific mention of building
types not covered (low energy,
historical, or industrial or
manufacturing)
- Statement that standard shall
not be used to circumvent any
safety, health, or environmental
requirements
- Specific mention of
what building types are
not covered - Statement
that standard shall not
be used to circumvent
any safety, health, or
environmental
requirements
- Specific mention of what
building types are not covered
- Statement that standard shall
not be used to circumvent any
safety, health, or
environmental requirements .
In ASHRAE 90.1 New
equipment or buildings
specifically identified in the
standard that are part of
industrial or manufacturing
processes.
In ASHRAE 90.1 a plan for
operation is considered.

New Interventions
Building Energy Code of Pakistan
(Energy Provision 2011)
ASHRAE 90.1-2013 Energy Conservation Building
Code of India 2006
Comparative Analysis
SCOPE: Large buildings - Design
and construction - New buildings
and their systems - New portions
of buildings and their systems –
New systems and equip. in
existing buildings
All buildings - Design
and construction - New
buildings and their
systems - New portions
of buildings and their
systems - New systems
and equip in existing
buildings
Developed by International
Institute for Energy
Conservation (IIEC) funded by
United States Agency for
International Development
(USAID) for Indian Bureau of
Energy Efficiency (BEE)
After 18th amendment the
adoption and enforcement
of the code is required to
be done by provincial
governments.
- Specific mention of building
types not covered (low energy,
historical, or industrial or
manufacturing)
- Statement that standard shall
not be used to circumvent any
safety, health, or environmental
requirements
- Specific mention of
what building types are
not covered - Statement
that standard shall not
be used to circumvent
any safety, health, or
environmental
requirements
So, provincial governments
have to modify these codes
according to their own
dynamics, climate and with
the consultation of their
relevant stakeholders.

Findings:
Following are finding of the research:
ASHRAE Standard 90.1 is developed using ANSI consensus-based process that focuses on technical
feasibility and life-cycle cost-effectiveness. The U.S Department of Energy is a participant in this process.
 New versions of Standard 90.1 are released in a three-year cycle.
In Pakistan, compliance is the responsibility of design professionals and enforcement is the responsibility
of provincial and local code officials whose framework is still not developed. District Building Control
Authorities issue building permits, inspect buildings and issue occupancy permits.
The code needs to be revised on the basis of a three-year cycle. New requirements for the next version of
the Energy Provisions shall be developed in consultation with stakeholders, also considering local
economy, climate, construction practices, local materials and assemblies and local skills.
Energy code development, adoption, and enforcement are all vitally important aspects of a complete
energy code program. A code that is not adopted can’t be enforced. A code that is not enforced is not
going to give results.

Building Code and Its significance.

Local Laws
Local laws are statutory instruments made by local governments to regulate a broad range of issues within
their communities.
Matters commonly regulated by local law include:
parking of vehicles on roads and off-street parking areas.
keeping of animals.
prohibiting or restricting nuisances and environmental hazards within the community.
licensing business operations (e.g. caravan parks, roadside vending operators and home businesses).
use of local government controlled areas, facilities and roads.
Website: https://lgcd.punjab.gov.pk/ , http://www1.nyc.gov/site/buildings/index.page

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