A presentation that discussing what is the meaning of petroleum Engineering science and what are the potential impacts of oil and gas extraction process on the environment this topic previewed in the powerpoint can be in between of Environmental Engineering & Petroleum Engineering

1. Oil and Gas Industry, Wind Farming and
the Environment
Presented By: Eng. Mahmoud Ayman

2. • Brief Description of the Oil Extraction Process From the
Exploration phase to the Production Phase.
• Identification of the Main Environmental Impacts For Each
Phase.
• Identification of Environmental Impacts of Wind Farming
Construction and Operation.
PRESENTATION OUTLINES

3. OBJECTIVE (1)

4. 1. Oil and Gas Sectors
2. Oil and Gas Extraction Process Phases
3. Steps of Oil and Gas Extraction Process
4. The Oil and Gas Industry Impact on the Environment
5. The Main Environmental Impacts for Each Phase
6. The Wind Farming & the Renewable Energy
7. The Major Environmental Impacts of Wind Farming Construction and Operation
INTRODUCTION

5. OIL AND GAS SECTORS

6. THE UPSTREAM SECTION COMPONENTS
The Highly Focused Section; includes both of the exploration and production phases

7. THE LIFE CYCLE OF OIL FIELD

9.  Oil rig platform during construction site in the harbor yard and workers preparing to move into the
vessel to be installed in offshore locations
 Source: (Jeeraphun Juntree / Alamy Stock Photo), Location: Thailand, Date taken: 21 Jan 2020
STEP (1): PREPARING Rig SITE

10.  Offshore deep-water drilling process
 Source: Youtube
STEP (2): DRILLING PROCESS

11.  This Video Shows The Cementing Operations That Comes After The Installation Of Casing Process, As
Part Of The Overall Drilling Operation, Casing And Cement Slurry Are Critical Components Of Well
Control.
 Source: Youtube
STEP (3): Cementing & Testing

12.  Well completion is the process of making a well ready for production (or injection) after drilling operations
 Source: Joshua Doubek - Own work
STEP (4): WELL COMPLETION

13.  A picture shows a Perforated Shoe used in the process of perforation
STEP (4): WELL COMPLETION – CONT’D

14.  With the well open, it is now time for the oil and natural gas to start flowing. Specialized instruments that
are made up of water, sand and common chemicals are pumped through the holes to free oil and natural
gas trapped inside.
STEP (5): FRACKING & HYDRAULIC FRACTURING

15.  The Reservoir fluids will start flowing through
the wellbore, the fracking fluid will be extracted and recycle for later
extracting operations
STEP (6): PRODUCTION & FLUID RECYCLING
 The production process starts after the
fracking process

16.  3 – Phase Separator
 Source: Schlumberger
STEP (6): PRODUCTION & FLUID RECYCLING – CONT’D

17.  The Previous Figure Shows how is the process of recycling the Fracking Fluid (Water)
 TYPICAL WATER HANDLING FROM FRACKING WELLS
STEP (6): PRODUCTION & FLUID RECYCLING – CONT’D

18.  WATER RECYCLING FROM FRACKING WELLS
STEP (6): PRODUCTION & FLUID RECYCLING – CONT’D

19.  When all the oil and natural gas has been produced at a given well, the well is typically
permanently plugged and the land is returned to the way it was before the drilling operation
took place. Often, it is possible that the land can be restored to the way it was before the
drilling occurred and is safe for both plant, animal and human life.
STEP (7): WELL ABANDONMENT & LAND RESTORATION

20.  The Term of Land Restoration Also Refers to Environmental Restoration.
STEP (7): WELL ABANDONMENT & LAND RESTORATION

21. OBJECTIVE (2)

22. The Oil And Gas Industry Impact On The Environment
VS

23. TYPES OF THE ENVIRONMENTAL PROBLEMS IN THE
OIL AND GAS INDUSTRY
General Issues such as:
• Toxic Compounds
• Greenhouse Gases (GHG)
• Micro-plastics
Local and Regional Impacts:
• Air Pollution
• Acid Rain
• Oil Spills
• Waste Oil
Global Impacts:
• Climate Change
• Ocean Acidification
Exhaust Emissions
Vapor Intrusion

24. TYPES OF THE ENVIRONMENTAL PROBLEMS IN THE
OIL AND GAS INDUSTRY
Toxic Compounds:
Petroleum distillates can create a
sheen on the surface of water as a
thin layer creating an optical
phenomenon called interphase.
This picture shows a Diesel spill on
a road.

25. TYPES OF THE ENVIRONMENTAL PROBLEMS IN THE
OIL AND GAS INDUSTRY
Greenhouse Gases (GHG)
Greenhouse gases are those that
absorb and emit infrared radiation in
the wavelength range emitted by
Earth.

26. TYPES OF THE ENVIRONMENTAL PROBLEMS IN THE
OIL AND GAS INDUSTRY
Micro-plastics:
Micro-plastics in
sediments from
rivers

27. TYPES OF THE ENVIRONMENTAL PROBLEMS IN THE
OIL AND GAS INDUSTRY
Exhaust Emissions:
Emissions from the
petroleum industry occur in
every chain of the oil-
producing process from the
extraction to the
consumption phase

28. TYPES OF THE ENVIRONMENTAL PROBLEMS IN THE
OIL AND GAS INDUSTRY
Vapor Intrusion:
Vapor intrusion is an
exposure pathway resulting
from the migration of volatile
chemicals from groundwater
contamination or
contaminated soil into an
overlying building.

29. TYPES OF THE ENVIRONMENTAL PROBLEMS IN THE
OIL AND GAS INDUSTRY
Acid Rain:
The combustion process
of petroleum , coal , and
wood is responsible for
increased occurrence of
acid rain.

30. TYPES OF THE ENVIRONMENTAL PROBLEMS IN THE
OIL AND GAS INDUSTRY
Oil Spill: is the release
of a liquid petroleum
hydrocarbon into the
environment, especially
marine areas

31. TYPES OF THE ENVIRONMENTAL PROBLEMS IN THE
OIL AND GAS INDUSTRY
Oil Spill: is the release
of a liquid petroleum
hydrocarbon into the
environment, especially
marine areas

32. TYPES OF THE ENVIRONMENTAL PROBLEMS IN THE
OIL AND GAS INDUSTRY
Climate Change

33. TYPES OF THE ENVIRONMENTAL PROBLEMS IN THE
OIL AND GAS INDUSTRY
Ocean
Acidification

34. ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS FROM EXPLORATION TO
PRODUCTION
• There Are Four Types of Impacts From the Exploration Phase to
Production Phase Such As (According to the UNEP):
1. Atmospheric Impacts
2. Aquatic Impacts
3. Terrestrial Impacts
4. Eco-system Impacts

35. ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS FROM EXPLORATION TO
PRODUCTION
• Atmospheric Impacts:
• The Primary Sources of Atmospheric Emissions From Oil and Gas Operations Arise
From:
• Flaring, Venting and Purging Gases
• Combustion Processes such as Diesel Engines and Gas Turbines
• Fugitive Gases From loading operations, tankage and losses from process
equipment
• Airborne Particulates From Soil Disturbance During Construction and From Vehicle
Traffic, and
• Particulates From Other Burning Sources Such As; Well Testing.

36. ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS FROM EXPLORATION TO
PRODUCTION
• Atmospheric Impacts:
Flaring, Venting and Purging Natural
Gas

37. ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS FROM EXPLORATION TO
PRODUCTION
• Atmospheric Impacts:
Fugitive Gases Emissions

38. ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS FROM EXPLORATION TO
PRODUCTION
• Atmospheric Impacts:
Airborne Particulates

39. ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS FROM EXPLORATION TO
PRODUCTION
• Atmospheric Impacts:
Particulates From
Burning Sources

40. ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS FROM EXPLORATION TO
PRODUCTION
• Aquatic Impacts:
The Principal Aqueous Waste Streams Resulting From Exploration and
Production Operations are:
• Produced Water
• Drilling Fluids, Drill Cuttings and Well Treatment Chemicals
• Process, Wash and Drainage Water
• Sewerage, Sanitary and Domestic Wastes
• Spills and Leakage and;
• Cooling Water.

41. ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS FROM EXPLORATION TO
PRODUCTION
• Aquatic Impacts:
Aqueous Waste Stream
From Produced Water

42. ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS FROM EXPLORATION TO
PRODUCTION
• Aquatic Impacts:
Drilling Fluids Waste

43. ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS FROM EXPLORATION TO
PRODUCTION
• Aquatic Impacts:
Drilling Cuttings Waste

44. ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS FROM EXPLORATION TO
PRODUCTION
• Aquatic Impacts:
Spills and Leakage Waste

45. ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS FROM EXPLORATION TO
PRODUCTION
• Terrestrial Impacts:
Potential Impacts to Soil Arise From Three Basic Sources:
• Physical Disturbance As a Result of Construction
• Contamination Resulting From Spillage and Leakage or Solid Waste
Disposal and;
• Indirect Impact Arising From Opening Access and Social Change.

46. ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS FROM EXPLORATION TO
PRODUCTION
• Eco-System Impacts:
• Plants and Animal Communities in Onshore Projects
• Fish, Coral Reef and Marine Mammals in Offshore Projects

47. ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS FROM EXPLORATION TO
PRODUCTION
• Eco-System Impacts:

48. OBJECTIVE (3)

49. WHAT IS WIND FARMING ?
What is Wind Farming ?

50. TYPES OF WIND FARMING
Onshore Wind Farm

51. TYPES OF WIND FARMING
Offshore Wind Farm

52. ADVANTAGES vs Disadvantages OF WIND ENERGY

53. ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT OF WIND FARM
Onshore Wind Farm Environmental Impacts:
• Industrialization Of The Countryside
• Habitat Loss And Fragmentation Are The Greatest Impacts Of
Wind Farms On Wildlife
• Also Increase The Death Rate Of Avian Creatures Such As Birds
And Bats
• Generating Noise
• Wind Turbines Do Not Affect Human Health With Their Noise
When Properly Placed

54. ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT OF WIND FARM
Offshore Wind Farm Environmental Impacts:
The major environmental concerns related to offshore wind
developments are increased noise levels, risk of collisions,
changes to benthic and pelagic habitats, alterations to food
webs, and pollution from increased vessel traffic or release of
contaminants from seabed sediments.

55. CONCLUSION
At The End Of This Presentation, It Was Concluded That
Oil And Gas Industry Is One Of The Most Important Energy
Industries That Contribute In More Than One Energy Source
But Not A Friendly Energy To The Environment
The Environmental Impacts Of Each Phase In The Oil And Gas
Extraction Process Need To Be Monitored And Mitigated
Periodically Because They Will Not Be Potential If Not Well
Monitored
The Wind Farm Energy Is A Renewable Energy And Friendly
To The Environment But Also Has Impacts On The Environment

56. Questions???