status of food security in responce to climate change in Nepal

1. Presented By
Mr. Mahesh Sapkota
Agriculture Development Officer
Nepal
16th November, 2023
WELCOME AND GOOD AFTERNOON
Prof: Dong-Hyun Shin
Status of Food Security in Response To Climate chang in
Nepal
(नमस्कार)

2. Presentation Outline
 Nepal at a glance
 Major identification/fact of Nepal
 Agriculture at a glance in Nepal
 Climate change in Nepal
 Evidence of climate change in Nepal
 Effect of climate change in Nepal
 Effort to address climate change in Nepal
 Issue and challenges
 Conclusion

3. Land Locked Country - between China and India
Areas : - (147181 sq. km) , 0.3% in Asia, 0.03% in the World,
Nepal at a glance

4.  Name : Federal Democratic Republic of
Nepal
 Capital : Kathmandu
 Population : Approx. 29.19 Million
 Population growth Rate : 1.8%
 National Language : Nepali, However
Nepal has more than 142 ethnic groups & 127
Spoken Language.
 Politics : Multiparty Democracy System
 Currency : Rupees, paisa
 Poverty: 15.1 %
Nepal at a glance….

5. Nepal at a glance….
3 Ecological region and Seven province of Nepal
 Mountain : 35%
 Hill : 42%
 Plain /Terai : 23 %
Four Season:
 Winter
 Spring
 Summer
 Autumn

6. Nepal at a glance…
Federal/centre
Government
Provincial
Governments-7
Local
Governments-
753
Metropolitan-6
Sub-
metropolitan-11
Municipality-
276
Village
municipality-
460
Federal government structure of Nepal

7. MAJOR IDENTIFICATION/FACT OF NEPAL
World Highest Peak: MOUNT EVEREST(8848.86 Meters)
Country of Mt. Everest and has 8 out of 10 world’s highest peaks

8. Major identification/fact of Nepal
Since 2008 A.D. Nepal is a secular country Country of Vir (Brave) GORKHA

9. RARA lake TILICHO lake
SHE-PHOKSUNDO ake GOSAIKUNDA lake
Destination for natural eco-toursim
Major identification/fact of Nepal

10. Agriculture at a glance in Nepal
Land use pattern of Nepal
Total Cultivated land
: 3.09 Million hectare
(21% of total land)

11. zone Altitude
(MASL)
Average Temp.
(Celcius)
Livestock and
poultry
Major Crops
1. Tropical
zone
<1000 >24 Poultry, Cow,
Buffalo, goat,
Cereal: Rice, maize, wheat
Vegetable: Cole, cucurbits, solanaceae
Fruit: Mango, Banana, Papaya, Litchi
2. Sub-
tropical zone
1000 -
1500
15-24 Buffalo, Cow,
goat, poultry
Cereal: Maize, Rice, wheat
Vegetable: Cole, cucurbits, solanaceae
Fruit: Citrus fruits, Avocado, Pomegranate.
3. Mild-
temperate
1500 -
2000
10-15 Goat, Cow, Sheep Cereal: maize, Rice, wheat, millet
Vegetable: Cole, cucurbits, solanaceae
Fruit: Peach, Pear, Plum, Persimmon .
4. Temperate 2000-5000 <10 Yak, Sheep Cereal: Buckwheat, millet,
Vegetable: Potato, Cole crop
Fruit: Apple, walnut, pear etc.
Agriculture
Agro-ecological zone and major livestock and crops of Nepal
MASL= Meter above sea level
Nepal has diversified geographical, ecological and climatic variability with diverse crops.
Agriculture at a glance ….

12. Agriculture Sector in Nepal
 Population engaged in Agriculture: 65.6 %
 Contribution of Ag. sector to GDP of Nation: 23.98 %
 Agriculture trade deficit (more import).
 Overall low productivity of agriculture.
 Main agricultural crop Paddy, Maize, Wheat, Finger Millet
 Greater potential for high-value agro-commodity (cardamom, honey
bee, tea, coffee , ginger, offseason vegetable,)
 Heavily depends on monsoon.
 Low level of technology development (mostly traditional)
Agriculture at a glance in Nepal…
Characteristics of Nepalese agriculture

13.  4.6 million people are food-insecure.
20% of household mildly food-insecure,
7.8 % of household severely food-insecure
specially rural area.
 23 districts are food insecure.
88% of self food Sufficiency
Food security status of Nepal
Agriculture of Nepal: at glance

18. Agriculture at a glance in Nepal…
Contribution of different sector of AGDP

19. Major exportable commodity of Nepal
Agriculture of Nepal: at glance
Large cardamom (Amomum subulatum): Nepal is the world Largest exporter
Other exportable agriculture commodity are: Tea, coffee, Ginger, Honey
Large cardamom

20. Climate change in Nepal
Nepal ranked fourth-most vulnerable country in the world for climate change.
 Nepal’s GHGs
emission is <0.025%
of the global emission.
 About 50.1% of GHGs
emission from
agriculture including
livestock in Nepal
following by energy
(petroleum) is 29.6%

21.  Global Temperature
Rise: 0.01 degree
Celsius/year.
 Nepal's Temperature
Rise: 0.06 degree
Celsius/year
(Plain/Terai: 0.04 degree
C/year, High mountain:
0.08 degree C/year),
mountain region is more
prone to climate change in
Nepal.
Evidence of climate change in Nepal

22. Effects of climate change in Nepal
Increase floods and drought frequency
Destroy of rice by post monsoon in 2021
Flooding in Melamchi (near capital city),
2020

23. Effect of climate change in Nepal…..
Melting of ice and bursting of ice glacier

24. Effect of climate change in Nepal
Drought in winter season
Landslide in Nepal

25.  Drought tolerant varieties: Sukkha
dhaan 1,2,3,4,5.
 Submergence tolerant rice
varieties: Swarna Sub-1, Samba
Masuli Sub-1.
Effort to address the impacts of climate change…
Release of stress tolerance varieties of rice

26. • Crop/livestock insurance (started in
2011)
• weather index based insurance started
in Apple from Jumla district in 2016.
• Weather forecasting and sending
information to the farmers through
mobile SMS, mobile apps and media.
Effort to address the impacts of climate change…
Weather smart

27. Government support on:
• Intercropping with legumes,
• Subsidy on cattle shed improvement and
farm yard manure improvement,
• Green manuring,
• Crop rotation,
Effort to address the impacts of climate change…
Nutrient smart

28. Subsidy on:
• Machines and tools (e.g. zero
tillage, combine harvester, drip
irrigation etc.)
• Solar irrigation,
• Emphasis on biogas and
renewable energy.
Effort to address the impacts of climate change…
Labor / energy smart

29. Drawing the world’s attention to Climate Change – Everest basecamp, 2006
Cabinet Meeting of Nepal
Effort to address the impacts of climate change.
change..
Increase awareness to the impact of climate change

30.  Constitution of Nepal, 2015
 Climate Change Policy, 2011
 Agriculture Policy, 2004
 Agri-Biodiversity Conservation Policy, 2006
 Climate Change Budget Code, 2012
 Priority Framework For Action, 2011-2020:
 Climate Change Adaptation and Disaster Risk Management in Agriculture
 Agriculture Development Strategy, 2015-2035
Effort to address the impacts of climate change…
.change..
Formulation and implementation of policy, plan and program

31.  Small average land-holding size (75 % people - less than
1 ha.)
 Out migration of youth from Nepal.
 Insufficient R&D on agriculture.
 Inadequate coverage of extension service
 Insufficient quality production inputs
 Lack of knowledge and low level of technology
development
Issue and challenges for agriculture in Nepal

32. • Nepal is highly vulnerable (4th most) country in the world from
climate change point of view.
• It has threatened food and nutrition security of millions of
people, especially women and marginalized groups of people.
• Coordinated effort to build up synergy based on lesson learnt
to combat the ill-effect of climate change through climate
smart activities at worldwide.
Conclusion

33. Thank you for your patience and cooperation