jute

1. Assignment of Jute Fiber and their
application in textile
Prepared by
Md Mahbubay Rabbani
ID:- 175035
Department of Textile Enguneering,
Dhaka University of Engineering and
Technology(DUET),Gazipur

2. PART-1
Question:- Describe the introduction of
Jute Fiber
Corchorus Capsularis and Corchorus
Olitorious are two species of the genus
corchorus (linden tree family), which are
grown for jute fiber production. These
are native to tropics and sub tropics,
occuring as hubs or small shurbs.
Jute is chiefly grown in India and
Bangladesh. The natural condition of
these are ideal to its cultivation. The hot

3. climate and rich alluvial soil of the
Ganges and the Brahmaputra are very
much suited to jute cultivation. The high
humidity is also favourable. Of the two
important varieties of jute Corchorus
Capsularis is adapted to grow in the low
land areas in clayey soil and can
withstand floods, while Corchorus
Olitorious is adapted to grow in high
land areas in sandy loam soils and
cannot withstand floods, but resist
drought conditions to a certain extent.

4. Question:- How jute fiber is
manufactured ?
Answer:-Jute is obtained from the plants
Corchorus olitorius and Corchorus
capsularis. These plants are native to the
Indian subcontinent and are grown
throughout the year. The jute fibres are
mainly concentrated near the woody,
central parts of the stalk. They are
composed of cellulose and lignin.
Flow chart of jute fiber manufacturing:
Bundle stalk
Retting
Stripping
Washing
Katcha bell/fiber

5. Retting:-Retting is the process that
involves the action of the
microorganisms and moisture on plants
to dissolve or rot away the cellular
tissues so that it facilitates the
separation of the fibre from the stem.
Stripping:-Stripping is the process of
removing the fibers from the stalk after
the complsbell of retting.
Washing:-when the jute complete
retting and stripping then It's washing by
hand and separation from jute plant.
Jute fiber:-Which is get from jute plants
by retting, stripping, washing process.

6. Question:- What sort of modification is
used in jute fiber processing?
Answer:-
Jute is a natural biodegradable fiber with
advantages such as high tensile strength,
excellent thermal conductivity, coolness,
ventilation function. Jute fiber is a bast
fiber obtained from the bark of jute
plant containing three main categories
of chemical compounds namely cellulose
(58~63%), hemicellulose (20~24%) and
lignin (12~15%), and some other small
quantities of constituents like fats,
pectin, aqueous extract, et al. Jute fiber
is composed of small units of cellulose
surrounded and cemented together by
lignin and hemi-cellulose10-11. The low
cellulose content, coarseness, stiffness,

7. low extensibility, low grip performance
and some other disadvantages seriously
restrict the raw jute fiber from spinning.
So a series of wet chemical processing
sequences are needed to improve the
spinnability of jute. The qualities of the
fiber and yarn mostly depend on the
degumming effect. So degumming is one
of the most important sequences in the
chemical processing of jute.
Generally, there are three methods for
degumming, i.e., mechanical, chemical
and biological methods. In chemicals
process scouring process is on of the
most popular process.
Scouring:
The pre-chlorite treated jute fiber was
treated with sodium hydroxide, sodium

8. silicate, and kept at 60-100℃ for 60-240
min. with fiber to liquor ratio 1:10-1:40.
At the end of the desired treatment, the
fibres were neutralized with sulphuric
acid, and then thoroughly washed with
distilled water.

9. PART-2
Question:-How you can compare the
physical, chemical and mechanical
properties of jute fiber with other
natural fiber?
Answer:-The physical, chemical and
mechanical properties of jute fiber with
other natural fiber:

10. Physical properties:
Parameters Jute fiber Wool fiber Flax fiber
Color Yellowish,
yellow,
Brown
White, near
white,
Brown
White,
yellowish
Tenacity 3.5-4.5 or
(40-70
g/tex)
At dry 1.35
g/d
Very strong
Specific
gravity
1.48-1.50 1. 31 >1
Resiliency Not very
good
Excellent Excellent
Moisture
regain
13.75% 13-16% 12%
Dimensions Good Very good Extremely
long

11. Chemical properties:
Parameters Jute
fiber
Wool fiber Flax fiber
Effect of
acid
Destroyed by
hot
concentrated
acids. Dilute
acid can’t do
harm to the
fiber.
Concentrated
naitic acid &
sulfuric acid
destroy the
fiber.
Concentrated
acids damage
it since they
hydrolyze the
salt linkages.
It are
weakened
and
destroyed
by acids.
Effect of
Bleaching
Not affected
by oxidizing
and reducing
bleaching
agents.
Chlorine
bleach is
ordinarily
harmful to
the wool
KMnO4,
Na2O2 are
utilized for
bleaching.
The most
common
bleaches
used on flax
textile
material are
sodium
hypochlorite
and sodium
per borate.

12. Dye ability Good, and
easily dyed.
Easy to dye,
reactive
dyestuff is
suitable.
Nearly good.
Effect of
insects.
Resistance is
good.
Wool
affected by
insects.
Flax
resistance is
fine.
Question:-How to explain the role of
constituents in determining the tensile
properties of jute fiber?
Answer:-The main constituents of jute
fibre are cellulose, hemi-cellulose and
lignin. Now describe about their role in
following below:-

13. Cellulose:-Cellulose plays an important
role. For cellulose jute fiber resistant to
strong alkali and easily hydrolyzed by
acids to water soluble sugars and
relatively resistant to oxidizing agents.
Hemi-cellulose:-Hemicellulose plays an
important an important role. When the
hemicellulose is reduced progressively
by chemical treatment, the tensile
properties of jute fibre at rupture as well
as at low extension are modified. It is
suggested that in the case of removal of
hemicelluloses, believed to be mainly
present in the inter-fibrillar regions

14. within the ultimate cell, the deformation
of the fibrillar network is mainly
responsible for the stress development
and relaxation In stretched jute fiber.
Lignin:-It is also plays an important role.
Lignin is responsible for the harshness of
jute fiber. In case of removal of lignin,
believed to be located in the inter-
cellular region, the behavioural change
in that region plays a dominant role in
determining the tensile characterstics of
jute fibre.

15. PART-3
Question:-Justify our opinion about use
of jute fiber in tradition in textile
application?
Answer:- I believe that it is possible to
use to produce fabric in textile tradition.
Obviously more research is required to
reach this goal. The main limitation of
jute is it’s stiffness, also the fiber is
compare to flax.it is difficult to make
finer yarns. Woolenized jute is applied in
textiles .I feel more and more other
application we need to search to add
value to this fiber. At present Jute
industry is supported by government

16. (forced manufacturer to use jute).I think
if the fiber is used more and more, the
farmers are more benefitted.
Question:-How to improve the
performance of jute fiber to penetrate
it in the technical textile?
Answer:-Jute fiber is a bust fiber
obtained from the bark of jute plant
containing three main categories of
chemical compounds namely cellulose
(65.2%), hemi-cellulose (22.2%), lignin
(10.8%), and some other small quantities
of Constituent like fats, pectin, aqueous

17. extract etc. Jute fiber composed of small
units of cellulose surrounded and
cemented together by lignin and hemi-
cellulose. The low cellulose content
coarseness, stiffness and low
extensibility and some other
disadvantage seriously restrict the raw
jute fiber from spinning and their
applications. So a series of wet chemical
processing sequences are needed to
improve the spin ability of jute. The
qualities of the fiber and yarn mostly
depend on the chemical processing
effect. Here degumming is one of the
most important process into the
chemical processing of jute. If we
acquire a proper knowledge about this

18. matter then we will improve the jute
fiber performance in technical textile.
Such as Sulphonation method: In this
method enhance the jutes physical and
mechanical properties. Here the jute
fiber treated with sulphite liquor which
was prepared by dissolving the
measured amount of sodium sulphate or
bisulphate at 165°C for a definite period
time. The physical and mechanical
properties of jute fiber modified by the
sulphonation method. After applied this
method increases moisture regain, cell
wall thickness, lusture and bundle
strength of jute fiber. Enzyme and
aminosilicone: After this method the
changes occurred in physical and

19. chemical composition of jute fiber at
different stages of enzyme treatment.
This treatment increases the transverse
swelling about 14%and reduces bulk
torsional rigidity and makes the fiber
more flexible and softer. Then we get
much finer, softer and brighter jute fiber
but there is some lowering of bundle
tenacity. Here weight loss and moisture
regain are increased whereas decrease
flexural rigidity and coefficient of
friction. Method of thermal treatment:
In this method jute was treated
separately in dry hot air, steam, and
boiling water. Then the physical
properties were evaluated. It was found
that treatment with the boiling water in

20. 30 minutes is easy and more convenient
as well as economical and flexural
rigidity of yarns decrease after bulking.
Above this treatment we can improve
the jute fibers physical chemical and
mechanical properties. And these
properties very important for jute fiber.
After applied above treatment in jute
fiber we can do easily improve the jute
fiber performance in technical textile.